In case of infection, following is the first line of defense
B
A. Antibodies
B. Macrophages
C. Red blood cells
D. Platelets
Description : In case of infection, following is the first line of defense B A. Antibodies B. Macrophages C. Red blood cells D. Platelet
Last Answer : Macrophages
Description : In our body, antibodies are formed against pathogens in – (1) liver by RBC (2) blood by platelets (3) brain by macrophages (4) thymus by lymphocytes
Last Answer : (4) thymus by lymphocytes
Description : In our body, antibodies are formed against pathogens in (1) liver by RBC (2) blood by platelets (3) brain by macrophages (4) thymus by lymphocytes
Last Answer : thymus by lymphocytes
Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages ... in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis
Last Answer : Answer: b, d A wide variety of cell types serve to provide host defense at several levels. Macrophages act as the initial antigen processing cell that serves to ... through diapedesis after chemotactic stimuli are excluded by macrophages, bacterial breakdown products, and complement activation
Description : The cells which are responsible for the production of antibodies are – (1) red blood cells (2) neutrophils (3) lymphocytes (4) platelets
Last Answer : (3) lymphocytes Explanation: An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells that is used by the immune system to identify and ... called antigens usually on the outside of an invading organism. This is called the antigen-antibody reaction.
Description : The cells which are responsible for the production of antibodies are (1) red blood cells (2) neutrophils (3) lymphocytes (4) platelets
Last Answer : lymphocytes
Description : Which of the following is a cellular barrier in the innate defense system? a. macrophages b. Erythrocytes c. B-cells d. T-cells
Last Answer : a. macrophages
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of ... immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d During the ischemia and hypoperfusion phase, degradation of ATP stores essential to maintain cell integrity and significant loss of diffusible ... either the neutrophil adhesive complex or the endothelial selectins dramatically lessens ischemia/reperfusion microvascular injury
Description : In the body's immune system, _____ are the major producers of secreted antibodies. a. macrophages b. plasma cells c. T cells d. B cells
Last Answer : b. plasma cells
Description : Tissue macrophages are derived from which one of the following? A. Resident activated fibroblasts B. Activated B lymphocytes C. Circulating monocytes D. Platelets
Last Answer : Platelets
Description : Immunodeficiency: a) A localized protective reaction of tissue to irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes a loss of function b) A disorder or deficiency ... effect and damage the liver. e) It is an immunity disorder which is genetically transferred.
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : Which of the following statements is not true regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis and/or the disease it causes? A.The pathogen contains mycolic acid in its cell wall B.The pathogen can live inside macrophages C.Antibodies to the pathogen are protective D.None of these
Last Answer : C.Antibodies to the pathogen are protective
Description : . MHC class I proteins would be found on___________ whereas MHC class II proteins would be found on_____________ a. Nucleated Cells; Plasma Cells b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages c. Dendritic Cells; Neutrophils d. Only White Blood Cells; Red Blood Cells
Last Answer : b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages
Description : What are plasma red blood cells white blood cells and platelets?
Last Answer : parts of the blood
Description : In patients receiving massive blood transfusion for acute blood loss, which of the following is/are correct? A. Packed red blood cells and crystalloid solution should be infused to restore oxygen ... should be administered with every 5 units of packed red blood cells to avoid hypocalcemia.
Last Answer : Answer: A DISCUSSION: Patients who are suffering from acute blood loss require crystalloid resuscitation as the initial maneuver to restore intravascular volume and re-establish vital signs. If 2 to 3 liters ... when the infusion of blood proceeds at a rate exceeding 1 to 2 units every 5 minutes
Description : Which of the following statements about the preparation and storage of blood components is/are true? A. Solutions containing citrate prevent coagulation by binding calcium. B. The ... cells includes development of acidosis, hyperkalemia, and decreased intracellular 2,3DPG (diphosphoglycerate).
Last Answer : Answer: ABD DISCUSSION: After blood has been collected from a donor, it is anticoagulated with a solution containing citrate, which acts by binding calcium. Blood is then separated into its ... transfusion or produce effects other than those predicted based on the content of the unit of blood
Description : After being counseled about lifestyle and dietary changes, the patient was started on atorvastatin. During his treatment with atorvastatin, it is important to routinely monitor serum concentrations of (a) ... Alanine and aspartate aminotransferase (c) Platelets (d) Red blood cells (e) Uric acid
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : Haemoglobin is an important constituent of – (1) Red blood cells (2) White blood cells (3) Platelets (4) Plasma
Last Answer : (1) Red blood cells Explanation: Hemoglobin is the ironcontaining oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates. Hemoglobin in the blood carries oxygen from the respiratory ... carbon dioxide to bring it back to the respiratory organs to be dispensed from the organism.
Description : Which of the following blood cells is compulsory for blood coagulation? (1) Platelets (2) Red Blood Corpuscles (3) White Blood Corpuscles (4) Lymphocites
Last Answer : (1) Platelets Explanation: Coagulation is the process by which blood forms clots. It is an important part of homeostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, wherein a damaged ... vessel. Platelets immediately form a plug at the site of injury, this is called primary homeostasis.
Description : Leukaemia or blood cancer is characterised by abnormal increase of the – (1) Red blood cells (2) White blood cells (3) Blood platelets (4) Blood plasma
Last Answer : (2) White blood cells Explanation: Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts". Damage to ... petechiae). White blood cells, which are involved in fighting pathogens, may be suppressed or dysfunctional.
Description : Which blood cells are called ‘Soldiers’ of the body? A. White Blood Cells (Answer) B. Platelets C. Red Blood Cells D. None of the above
Last Answer : A. White Blood Cells (Answer)
Description : Glucocorticoid causes an increase of: a. red blood cells b. lymphocytes c. eosinophils d. platelets
Last Answer : platelets
Description : Which of the following terms refers to an abnormal decrease in white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets? a) Pancytopenia Pancytopenia may be congenital or acquired. b) Anemia ... of WBCs in circulation. d) Thrombocytopenia Thrombocytopenia refers to a lower-than-normal platelet count.
Last Answer : a) Pancytopenia Pancytopenia may be congenital or acquired.
Description : The smallest of the FORMED elements of the blood are the: a) white cells b) red cells c) platelets d) erythrocytes
Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- platelets
Description : Haemoglobin is an important constituent of (1) Red blood cells (2) White blood cells (3) Platelets (4) Plasma
Last Answer : Red blood cells
Description : Leukaemia or blood cancer is characterised by abnormal in crease of the – (1) Red blood cells (2) White blood cells (3) Blood platelets (4) Blood plasma
Last Answer : White blood cells
Description : Which of the following blood cells is compulsory for blood coagulation ? (1) Platelets (2) Red Blood Corpuscles (3) White Blood Corpuscles (4) Lymphocites
Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning host defense mechanisms to intraabdominal infection. a. Bacterial clearance can occur via translymphatic absorption b. Phagocytic activity and bacterial killing can ... may be walled off but are seldom sealed by the omentum and other mobile viscera
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c The introduction of microorganisms into the normally sterile peritoneal environment invoke several potent specialized host antimicrobial defense mechanisms. Bacterial clearance, ... the contaminated enteric contents walled off, preventing continued soilage of the peritoneal cavity
Description : What cells produce antibodies to help fight infection?
Last Answer : Need answer
Description : All the following are associated with hemolytic disease of the newborn except: a. It is one of the most common diseases among Americans. b. It may occur if an Rh (-) female conceives a child who ... antibodies. d. It can be prevented by using rhogam. 16 Which one of the following applies to the
Last Answer : b. It may occur if an Rh (-) female conceives a child who is Rh (+).
Description : What serologicaL test requires sheep red blood cells and a preparation of antibodies that recognizes the sheep red blood ceLls? a. ELISA b. Radioimmunoassay c. Immunodiffusion d. Complement fixation test
Last Answer : d. Complement fixation test
Description : The presence of IgM antibodies in the blood indicates a. An early stage of an infection. b. A chronic infection. c. An allergic reaction is occurring. d. Humoral immunity has yet to start.
Last Answer : a. An early stage of an infection.
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell function of phagocytosis? a. Phagocytosis is a mechanistically distinct process of endocytosis performed by special cells to take ... known as clathrin d. Phagocytosis is performed only by white blood cells and tissue macrophages
Last Answer : Answer: a Phagocytosis is a specialized form of endocytosis by which large particles are internalized by specialized cells primarily macrophages and neutrophils. To be phagocytosed, particles ... the lumen of the thyroid follicle, thereby releasing the thyroid hormones, thyroxine triiodothyronine
Description : The following are true about atherosclerosis: C A. it often occurs in the heart chamber B. foamy macrophages are not seen in the lesion C. smooth muscle cells proliferation in the intima of vessel D. no deposition of lipid occurs in wall of blood vessel
Last Answer : smooth muscle cells proliferation in the intima of vessel
Description : The most active phagocytic white blood cells are (a) eosinophils and lymphocytes (b) neutrophils and monocytes (c) neutrophils and eosinophils (d) lymphocytes and macrophages.
Last Answer : (b) neutrophils and monocytes
Description : Blood platelets are: a) cytoplasmic fragments b) free nuclei c) a kind of red cell d) found only during clot formation
Last Answer : ANSWER: A -- Cytoplasmic fragments
Description : Which of the following cells or blood elements play a role in the initial phases of wound healing? a. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) b. Platelets c. Monocytes d. Lymphocytes
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Shortly after the initial injury, the wound is full of debris which is cleared over the next several days by recruited and activated phagocytic cells. ... in the initial hemostatic process as well as releasing chemotactic factors and factors leading to fibroblast proliferation
Description : Study of diseases of blood cells, platelets and the tissues and organs of hematopoietic system is called as __________. a. Forensic pathology b. Clinical pathology c. Immunopathology d. Hematopathology
Last Answer : d. Hematopathology
Description : Which of the following is a term for mononuclear, granulocytic white blood cells that produce immunoglobulins? a) lymphocytes b) platelets c) erythrocytes (pron: eh-rith-reh-sites) d) none of these
Last Answer : ANSWER: A -- LYMPHOCYTES
Description : The following are useful in the diagnosis of HIV infection: a. polymerase chain reaction b. antibodies by enzyme-liked immunoadsorbent assay c. P24 protein assay d. all above
Last Answer : all above
Description : _____ is the natural ability of an organism to have an inbuilt mechanism to resist and destroy the infection. a) antibiotic b)immunity c)antibodies d)none
Last Answer : b)immunity
Description : Mononucleosis is an infection of________ cells by the _____. a. T; cytomegalovirus b. B; Epstein-Barr virus c. Lung; cytomegalovirus d. red blood; Epstein.Barr virus
Last Answer : d. red blood; Epstein.Barr virus
Description : MHC class II proteins are present on the surface of (A) All cells (B) B lymphocytes only (C) Macrophages only (D) Macrophages and B lymphocytes
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : MHC class I proteins are present on the surface of (A) B cells only (B) T cells only (C) Macrophages only(D) All cells
Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism
Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system
Description : Cytokines are low-molecular-weight polypeptides exerting a wide variety of biologic effects at both local and systemic levels. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the production and ... effects on the host d. Each specific cytokine is produced by a single cell type
Last Answer : Answer: c Macrophages, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and other cells secrete a large number of different compounds, termed cytokines, that are most probably evolved for the purpose of ... host defenses, exerting both salutatory and deleterious effects on the host, has become increasingly evident
Description : The cells that are directly concerned with phagocytosis of foreign bodies in the reticuloendothelial system are (a) reticular cells (b) monocytes (c) eosinophils and Basophils (d) macrophages
Last Answer : Ans:(b)
Description : Predominant cell types in typical chronic inflammation are all of the following EXCEPT: A A. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes B. Macrophages C. T helper lymphocytes D. NK cells
Last Answer : Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Description : Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? B A. Plasma cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils