MHC class I proteins are present on the surface of (A) B cells only (B) T cells only (C) Macrophages only(D) All cells

MHC class I proteins are present on the surface of (A) B cells only (B) T cells only (C) Macrophages only(D) All cells
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Answer : D
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MHC class II proteins are present on the surface of (A) All cells (B) B lymphocytes only (C) Macrophages only (D) Macrophages and B lymphocytes

Description : MHC class II proteins are present on the surface of (A) All cells (B) B lymphocytes only (C) Macrophages only (D) Macrophages and B lymphocytes

Last Answer : Answer : D

. MHC class I proteins would be found on___________ whereas MHC class II proteins would be found on_____________ a. Nucleated Cells; Plasma Cells b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages c. Dendritic Cells; Neutrophils d. Only White Blood Cells; Red Blood Cells

Description : . MHC class I proteins would be found on___________ whereas MHC class II proteins would be found on_____________ a. Nucleated Cells; Plasma Cells b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages c. Dendritic Cells; Neutrophils d. Only White Blood Cells; Red Blood Cells

Last Answer : b. Nucleated Cells; Macrophages

MHC Class III proteins include (A) Immunoglobulins (B) Components of complement system (C) T cells receptors (D) CD4 and CD8 proteins

Description : MHC Class III proteins include (A) Immunoglobulins (B) Components of complement system (C) T cells receptors (D) CD4 and CD8 proteins

Last Answer : Answer : D

MHC Class II proteins, in conjunction with antigens, are recognised by (A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Suppressor T cells (D) Memory T cells

Description : MHC Class II proteins, in conjunction with antigens, are recognised by (A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Suppressor T cells (D) Memory T cells

Last Answer : Answer : B

MHC class I proteins, in conjunction with antigens are recognised by (A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Suppressor T cells (D) Memory T cells

Description : MHC class I proteins, in conjunction with antigens are recognised by (A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Suppressor T cells (D) Memory T cells

Last Answer : Answer : A

T cells can recognise (A) Free antigens (B) Antigens bound to cells (C) Antigens bound to antibodies (D) Antigens bound to MHC proteins

Description : T cells can recognise (A) Free antigens (B) Antigens bound to cells (C) Antigens bound to antibodies (D) Antigens bound to MHC proteins

Last Answer : Answer : D

The unique sets of proteins that present antigens on the surfaces of body cells are a. MHC proteins. b. Cytokines. c. Complement proteins. d. Immunoglobulins.

Description : The unique sets of proteins that present antigens on the surfaces of body cells are a. MHC proteins. b. Cytokines. c. Complement proteins. d. Immunoglobulins.

Last Answer : b. Cytokines.

T cell receptors (or TCR) on CD4+ T cells A.recognize peptides not associated with MHC molecules B.recognize peptides associated with MHC class I molecules C.recognize peptides associated with MHC class II molecules D.are secreted out into the environment to bind antigens

Description : T cell receptors (or TCR) on CD4+ T cells A.recognize peptides not associated with MHC molecules  B.recognize peptides associated with MHC class I molecules  C.recognize peptides associated with MHC class II molecules  D.are secreted out into the environment to bind antigens

Last Answer : C.recognize peptides associated with MHC class II molecules

Which of the following is correct?A- All T Cells are CD4+ B- An epitope can have multiple antigens C- .T Cell receptors are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes D- .MHC Class II molecules are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes

Description : Which of the following is correct? A- All T Cells are CD4+ B- An epitope can have multiple antigens C- .T Cell receptors are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes D- .MHC Class II molecules are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes

Last Answer : .T Cell receptors are generated by random assortment of gene cassettes

cell receptors (or TCR) on CD4+ T cells A-recognize peptides not associated with MHC molecules B- recognize peptides associated with MHC class I moleculesC- recognize peptides associated with MHC class II molecules D- are secreted out into the environment to bind antigens

Description : cell receptors (or TCR) on CD4+ T cells A-recognize peptides not associated with MHC molecules B- recognize peptides associated with MHC class I moleculesC- recognize peptides associated with MHC class II molecules D- are secreted out into the environment to bind antigens

Last Answer : recognize peptides associated with MHC class II molecules

Antigens that bind directly to MHC proteins without any processing are known as _____. a. epitopes b. haptens c. superantigens d. naïve cells

Description : Antigens that bind directly to MHC proteins without any processing are known as _____. a. epitopes b. haptens c. superantigens d. naïve cells

Last Answer : c. superantigens

MHC proteins are unique to (A) Each cell (B) Each organ (C) Each individual (D) Each species

Description : MHC proteins are unique to (A) Each cell (B) Each organ (C) Each individual (D) Each species

Last Answer : Answer : C

The following are true about antigen presenting cells (APC): a. Langerhan's cells are the antigen presenting cells of the epidermis b. CD8+ cells only recognize antigen presenting cells bearing MHC (major histocompatibility complex) class I c. tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF ) can turn endothelial cells into antigen presenting cells d. all above

Description : The following are true about antigen presenting cells (APC): a. Langerhan's cells are the antigen presenting cells of the epidermis b. CD8+ cells only recognize antigen presenting cells bearing ... necrosis factor alpha (TNF ) can turn endothelial cells into antigen presenting cells d. all above

Last Answer : all above

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell function of phagocytosis? a. Phagocytosis is a mechanistically distinct process of endocytosis performed by special cells to take up larger particles such as bacteria or erythrocytes b. Lymphocytes are the primary blood cell involved with this process c. The process involves a coating of the cytoplasmic surface known as clathrin d. Phagocytosis is performed only by white blood cells and tissue macrophages

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell function of phagocytosis? a. Phagocytosis is a mechanistically distinct process of endocytosis performed by special cells to take ... known as clathrin d. Phagocytosis is performed only by white blood cells and tissue macrophages

Last Answer : Answer: a Phagocytosis is a specialized form of endocytosis by which large particles are internalized by specialized cells primarily macrophages and neutrophils. To be phagocytosed, particles ... the lumen of the thyroid follicle, thereby releasing the thyroid hormones, thyroxine triiodothyronine

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages may become activated and secrete cytokines c. Macrophages serve as phagocytic cells in the tissues but not within the bloodstream d. Polymorphonucleocytes (PMNS) are normally present in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning cellular defense mechanisms. a. Macrophages function solely as antigen processing cells in the initial reaction to exposure to an antigen b. Macrophages ... in only small numbers within the tissue and enter an area of infection through diapedesis

Last Answer : Answer: b, d A wide variety of cell types serve to provide host defense at several levels. Macrophages act as the initial antigen processing cell that serves to ... through diapedesis after chemotactic stimuli are excluded by macrophages, bacterial breakdown products, and complement activation

CD 3 complex and p 56lck proteins are present in (A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

Description : CD 3 complex and p 56lck proteins are present in (A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the humoral immune response is/are correct? a. Helper T lymphocytes stimulate B lymphocytes through secretion of cytokines such as interleukin 4 and 6 b. A number of cells can aid in presenting the antigen to the helper T cell including B lymphocytes and macrophages c. All antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Description : The initiation of a humoral immune response involves a complex interaction of the antigen, cells and intercellular messengers. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the initiation of the ... various cellular components of the immune system d. An antigen must be a living microorganism

Last Answer : Answer: a, b Stimulation of the immune system occurs after a variety of antigen-presenting cells (B lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and Langerhans cells) act to engulf ... polysaccharides), most antigens require coordinated efforts of the various cellular components of the immune system

Predominant cell types in typical chronic inflammation are all of the following EXCEPT: A A. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes B. Macrophages C. T helper lymphocytes D. NK cells

Description : Predominant cell types in typical chronic inflammation are all of the following EXCEPT: A A. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes B. Macrophages C. T helper lymphocytes D. NK cells

Last Answer : Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Early granulation tissue is BEST characterized by the presence of: C A. Plasma cells and macrophages B. T lymphocytes and eosinophils C. Capillary buds and fibroblasts D. None of these

Description : Early granulation tissue is BEST characterized by the presence of: C A. Plasma cells and macrophages B. T lymphocytes and eosinophils C. Capillary buds and fibroblasts D. None of these

Last Answer : Capillary buds and fibroblast

Immunosuppressive agents used in preventing transplant rejection primarily affecta. macrophages. b. neutrophils. c. dendritic cells. d. T cells.

Description : Immunosuppressive agents used in preventing transplant rejection primarily affect a. macrophages. b. neutrophils. c. dendritic cells. d. T cells.

Last Answer : d. T cells.

In the body's immune system, _____ are the major producers of secreted antibodies. a. macrophages b. plasma cells c. T cells d. B cells

Description : In the body's immune system, _____ are the major producers of secreted antibodies. a. macrophages b. plasma cells c. T cells d. B cells

Last Answer : b. plasma cells

TH1 cells activatea. B cells. b. Killing of pathogens in macrophages. c. Cytotoxic T cells. d. Humoral immunity.

Description : TH1 cells activate a. B cells. b. Killing of pathogens in macrophages. c. Cytotoxic T cells. d. Humoral immunity.

Last Answer : d. Humoral immunity

Which of the following is a cellular barrier in the innate defense system? a. macrophages b. Erythrocytes c. B-cellsd. T-cells

Description : Which of the following is a cellular barrier in the innate defense system? a. macrophages b. Erythrocytes c. B-cells d. T-cells

Last Answer : a. macrophages

The AIDS viruses specifically attack which kind of cell? a) B cells b) helper T cells c) killer T cells d) macrophages

Description : The AIDS viruses specifically attack which kind of cell? a) B cells b) helper T cells c) killer T cells d) macrophages

Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- HELPER T CELLS

A _____ is a protein receptor on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells that allow them to recognize foreign cell markers. a. Toll-like receptor (TLR) b. pathogen-associated c. Membrane attack complex (MAC) d. Natural killer cells (NK)

Description : A _____ is a protein receptor on the surface of macrophages, dendritic cells, and endothelial cells that allow them to recognize foreign cell markers. a. Toll-like receptor (TLR) b. pathogen-associated c. Membrane attack complex (MAC) d. Natural killer cells (NK)

Last Answer : b. pathogen-associated

Macrophages are professional antigen- presenting cells. The protein molecule through whichthey present antigen in human is A- actin B- nterleukin C- HLA D- .CD8

Description : Macrophages are professional antigen- presenting cells. The protein molecule through whichthey present antigen in human is A- actin B- nterleukin C- HLA D- .CD8

Last Answer : .CD8

TH2 cells bind to a. MHC-11/peptide complex on APC cells. b. B cell receptors. c. MHc-1/etid complex on infected cells. d. MHC-11/peptide complex on B cells.

Description : TH2 cells bind to a. MHC-11/peptide complex on APC cells. b. B cell receptors. c. MHc-1/etid complex on infected cells. d. MHC-11/peptide complex on B cells.

Last Answer : d. MHC-11/peptide complex on B cells.

The following are true : a. the HLA proteins are found within the cytoplasm of the cells b. HLA class I antigens are expressed on all cells with nuclei c. HLA class II antigens presents the virus infected cells to cytotoxic T lymphocytes d. HLA genes are found on chromosome 6 e. HLA tissue typing is carried out in all forms of transplantation to prevent rejection

Description : The following are true : a. the HLA proteins are found within the cytoplasm of the cells b. HLA class I antigens are expressed on all cells with nuclei c. HLA class II antigens presents ... on chromosome 6 e. HLA tissue typing is carried out in all forms of transplantation to prevent rejection

Last Answer : HLA class I antigens are expressed on all cells with nuclei

All the following statements about protooncogenes are true except (A) They are present in human beings (B) They are present in healthy cells (C) Proteins encoded by them are essential (D) They are expressed only when a healthy cell has been transformed into a cancer cell

Description : All the following statements about protooncogenes are true except (A) They are present in human beings (B) They are present in healthy cells (C) Proteins encoded by them are essential (D) They are expressed only when a healthy cell has been transformed into a cancer cell

Last Answer : Answer : D

Cytokines are low-molecular-weight polypeptides exerting a wide variety of biologic effects at both local and systemic levels. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the production and actions of cytokines? a. Cytokines are produced solely by macrophages b. Cytokines act only on other cells within the same local environment c. Cytokines may have both protective and deleterious effects on the host d. Each specific cytokine is produced by a single cell type

Description : Cytokines are low-molecular-weight polypeptides exerting a wide variety of biologic effects at both local and systemic levels. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the production and ... effects on the host d. Each specific cytokine is produced by a single cell type

Last Answer : Answer: c Macrophages, endothelial cells, lymphocytes, and other cells secrete a large number of different compounds, termed cytokines, that are most probably evolved for the purpose of ... host defenses, exerting both salutatory and deleterious effects on the host, has become increasingly evident

Predominant cell types in typical chronic inflammatory reactions include all of the following EXCEPT: A A. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes B. Macrophages C. T helper lymphocytes D. None of these

Description : Predominant cell types in typical chronic inflammatory reactions include all of the following EXCEPT: A A. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes B. Macrophages C. T helper lymphocytes D. None of these

Last Answer : Polymorphonuclear leukocytes

Receptors for thyroid hormones are present (A) On the cell membrane (B) Across the cell membrane (C) Inside the cells (D) In association with G-proteins

Description : Receptors for thyroid hormones are present (A) On the cell membrane (B) Across the cell membrane (C) Inside the cells (D) In association with G-proteins

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of hypoxanthine and xanthene b. Oxygen free radicals such as the superoxide radical are involved in the expression of the proinflammatory phenotype of endothelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils c. The intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAN-1) contributes to injury and disruption of the endothelial lining, with extensive capillary leak and resultant interstitial edema d. Animal models have demonstrated that passive immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of ... immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d During the ischemia and hypoperfusion phase, degradation of ATP stores essential to maintain cell integrity and significant loss of diffusible ... either the neutrophil adhesive complex or the endothelial selectins dramatically lessens ischemia/reperfusion microvascular injury

The cells that are directly concerned with phagocytosis of foreign bodies in the reticuloendothelial system are (a) reticular cells (b) monocytes (c) eosinophils and Basophils (d) macrophages

Description : The cells that are directly concerned with phagocytosis of foreign bodies in the reticuloendothelial system are (a) reticular cells (b) monocytes (c) eosinophils and Basophils (d) macrophages

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

In case of infection, following is the first line of defense B A. Antibodies B. Macrophages C. Red blood cells D. Platelets

Description : In case of infection, following is the first line of defense  B A. Antibodies B. Macrophages C. Red blood cells D. Platelets

Last Answer : Macrophages

In case of infection, following is the first line of defense B A. Antibodies B. Macrophages C. Red blood cells D. Platelet

Description : In case of infection, following is the first line of defense  B A. Antibodies B. Macrophages C. Red blood cells D. Platelet

Last Answer : Macrophages

The following are true about atherosclerosis: C A. it often occurs in the heart chamber B. foamy macrophages are not seen in the lesion C. smooth muscle cells proliferation in the intima of vessel D. no deposition of lipid occurs in wall of blood vessel

Description : The following are true about atherosclerosis: C A. it often occurs in the heart chamber B. foamy macrophages are not seen in the lesion C. smooth muscle cells proliferation in the intima of vessel D. no deposition of lipid occurs in wall of blood vessel

Last Answer : smooth muscle cells proliferation in the intima of vessel

Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? B A. Plasma cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils

Description : Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? B A. Plasma cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils

Last Answer : Macrophages

Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? B A. Plasma cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. None of these

Description : Epithelioid cells within granulomas are derived from which of the following? B A. Plasma cells B. Macrophages C. Lymphocytes D. None of these

Last Answer : Macrophages

Heart failure cells, i.e.. macrophages loaded with haemosiderin, are most likely found in C A. Ascites fluid in congestive heart failure B. Pulmonary alveoli in mitral stenosis C. Left ventricular myocardium following infarction and reperfusion D. None of these

Description : Heart failure cells, i.e.. macrophages loaded with haemosiderin, are most likely found in C A. Ascites fluid in congestive heart failure B. Pulmonary alveoli in mitral stenosis C. Left ventricular myocardium following infarction and reperfusion D. None of these

Last Answer : Ascites fluid in congestive heart failure B. Pulmonary alveoli in mitral stenosis C. Left ventricul

Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the new born infants because it contains (a) immunoglobulin A (b) natural killer cells (c) monocytes (d) macrophages.

Description : Colostrum, the yellowish fluid, secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation is very essential to impart immunity to the new born infants because it contains (a) immunoglobulin A (b) natural killer cells (c) monocytes (d) macrophages.

Last Answer : (a) immunoglobulin A

The most active phagocytic white blood cells are (a) eosinophils and lymphocytes (b) neutrophils and monocytes (c) neutrophils and eosinophils (d) lymphocytes and macrophages.

Description : The most active phagocytic white blood cells are (a) eosinophils and lymphocytes (b) neutrophils and monocytes (c) neutrophils and eosinophils (d) lymphocytes and macrophages.

Last Answer : (b) neutrophils and monocytes

________ bind to_________ on microbial invaders. a. Toll-like receptors; PAM Ps b. Mast cells; histamine c. Toll-like receptors; complement d. Macrophages; defensins

Description : ________ bind to_________ on microbial invaders. a. Toll-like receptors; PAM Ps b. Mast cells; histamine c. Toll-like receptors; complement d. Macrophages; defensins

Last Answer : a. Toll-like receptors; PAM Ps

Macrophages are professional antigen- presenting cells. The protein molecule through which theypresent antigen in human is A.actin B.interleukin C.HLA D.CD8

Description : Macrophages are professional antigen- presenting cells. The protein molecule through which theypresent antigen in human is A.actin B.interleukin C.HLA D.CD8

Last Answer : D.CD8

The role of the M cell is toA- .trap virus in mucus and prevent entry B- induce apoptosis in virus-infected small intestinal epithelia cells C- pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for processing and presentation of antigen D- they use their cilia to propel mucus out of the small intestine

Description : The role of the M cell is to A- .trap virus in mucus and prevent entry B- induce apoptosis in virus-infected small intestinal epithelia cells C- pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for ... and presentation of antigen D- they use their cilia to propel mucus out of the small intestine

Last Answer : pass bacteria or virus to underlying macrophages for processing and presentation of antigen

CD8 surface antigen is present in A- cytotoxic T cells B- .suppresssor T cells C- both (a) and (b) D- none of these

Description : CD8 surface antigen is present in A- cytotoxic T cells B- .suppresssor T cells C- both (a) and (b) D- none of these

Last Answer : both (a) and (b)

What is known about the structure of individual MHC genes?

Description : What is known about the structure of individual MHC genes?

Last Answer : Each MHC Class I and Class II gene consists of several exons and several introns.The most 5' exons in both Class I and Class II genes are the regulatory sequences; these code for the factors ... s transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains are also separate and located the most 3' in an individual gene. 

With a 30 m long coaxial cable, the bandwidth can exceed A. 100 MHz B. 1000 MHC. 50 MHz D. 300 MHzz

Description : With a 30 m long coaxial cable, the bandwidth can exceed A. 100 MHz B. 1000 MHz C. 50 MHz D. 300 MHz

Last Answer : 100 MHz

Major Histo Compatibility Complex (MHC) is a collection of genes arrayed on A- chromosome 21 in man, chromosome 6 in mice B- chromosome 6 in man, chromosone 21 in mice C- chromosome 17in man, chromosome 6 in mice D- chromosome 6 in man, chromosome 17 in mice

Description : Major Histo Compatibility Complex (MHC) is a collection of genes arrayed on A- chromosome 21 in man, chromosome 6 in mice B- chromosome 6 in man, chromosone 21 in mice C- chromosome 17in man, chromosome 6 in mice D- chromosome 6 in man, chromosome 17 in mice

Last Answer : chromosome 6 in man, chromosome 17 in mice

CD 4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein present in (A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Suppressor T cells (D) Memory T cells

Description : CD 4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein present in (A) Cytotoxic T cells (B) Helper T cells (C) Suppressor T cells (D) Memory T cells

Last Answer : Answer : A