Recommend & explain with neat sketch a suitable braking mechanism for the large WPP.

1 Answer

Answer :

Braking Mechanism For The Large WPP:

1. Furling Mechanism:

image

Furling allows the whole set of blades to change its position and blades turned away from wind, if wind speed is beyond safety limit. It decreases the angle of attack.


2. Yawing Mechanism:

image

It is used for the precise positioning of the nacelle in the wind. Yaw system allows optimum position of the nacelle in the high wind speed conditions. For the large WPP it is monitored by computer and electronic control where as small wind turbine uses tail vane for positioning purpose. 


3. Pitch Control Mechanism:

image

It allows the rotor blades angle of attack to be measured, monitored and controlled. Pitch control used for adjustment of blade angle.

1.To harness optimum power from wind

2.To protect turbine in case of high wind speed.

Related questions

Description : Identify & explain any two difficulties faced while connecting WPP to the power grid.

Last Answer : Difficulties Faced while Connecting WPP to Power Grid: There are several technical issues associated with grid connected systems like power quality issues, power and voltage fluctuations, storage, protection ... that is out of phase with grid voltage and so provide power factor correction.

Description : Explain scheduled maintenance of Stall Pitch, Active Pitch controlled of WPP.

Last Answer : Scheduled Maintenance of Stall Pitch: In scheduled maintenance of stall pitch, following maintenance activities are performed quarterly or yearly basis: 1. Grease the cable, which pulls the blade ... battery. In case of power failure, batteries will ensure the movement of blade to safe position.

Description : List any four towers related to WPP. Explain any one in brief.

Last Answer : List of Towers Related to WPP: Tubular Steel / concrete Tower Lattice Tower Guyed Pole Tower Hybrid Tower 1. Tubular steel tower: Generally used for a large wind turbine and normally manufactured in ... type tower and thin, tall lattice type tower in the middle instead of single pole.

Description : Related to WPP define following wind speeds  i) Cut in  ii) Cut out iii) Survival iv) Threshold

Last Answer : i) Cut-in wind speed: This is the minimum wind speed at which the turbine blades overcome friction and begin to rotate.  ii) Cut out speed: This is the speed at which the turbine ... this range, it is ensured that available energy is above the minimum threshold and structural health is maintained.

Description : Draw a block diagram of WPP substation. State function of each block.

Last Answer : Block Diagram of WPP Substation: OR Wind Turbine : Converts wind power to rotational mechanical energy Gear Box: Transfer low speed to high. Generator: Converts rotational ... to DC and vice-versa of correct frequency. Transformer: Step up the voltage to grid level.

Description : List various types of generators used in WPP.

Last Answer : Various Types of Generators Used in WPP: 1. Squirrel Cage Induction Generator ( SCIG ) 2. Wound Rotor Induction Generator ( WRIG ) 3. Doubly Fed Induction Generator ( DFIG ) 4. Wound Rotor synchronous Generator ( WRSG) 5. Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator ( PMSG)

Description : Identify any two weekly maintenance activities for WPP.

Last Answer : Weekly Maintenance Activities: Routine checkup, monitoring, periodic reports. Blade cleaning. Higher voltage equipment maintenance. Turbines require periodic lubrication, oil changes. Bolt and electrical ... . Machine should be checked for corrosion. Check guy wire for proper tension.

Description : Name any two aerodynamic controls for WPP.

Last Answer : Aerodynamic Control for WPP: Pitch control Passive stall control Active stall control Yaw control

Description : Explain with neat sketch working of direct drive SWT. Give any two advantages of it over geared type SWT.

Last Answer : Direct Drive SWT: This plant has no gear box. Turbine blades are very light weight made up of stiff carbon fibre material. Blades are flat shaped. Due to this shape, lift increases. ... needed is less 4. More reliable 5. Better performance 6. Light weight 7. Less maintenance

Description : Explain the working of Ackerman steering gear mechanism with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Working: The whole mechanism of Ackerman Steering gear is on the back of the front wheels. The Ackerman steering gear consists of turning pairs The slotted links AM and BH are attached ... each end. The steering is affected by moving CD to the right or left of its nominal position. 

Description : Draw the neat sketch of overhead valve operating mechanism and explain its working.

Last Answer : Overhead valve mechanism: Figure shows the valve mechanism to operate the valve when it is in the cylinder head (in I and F head design). This type of mechanism requires two additional moving parts the push ... close. A spring (attached to the valve) returns the valve to its seated position.   

Description : Explain working of over head valve mechanism with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Overhead valve mechanism: Figure shows the valve mechanism to operate the valve when it is in the cylinder head (in I and F head design). This type of mechanism requires two additional moving parts the ... to close. A spring (attached to the valve) returns the valve to its seated position.  

Description : Explain slotted time quick return mechanism with neat sketch. 

Last Answer : The slotted lever quick return mechanism is illustrated in Figs. a and b The crank AB (of adjustable length R) rotates with a uniform angular speed. The crank pin B is in the shape of a die block ... Fig. (b)) and the return stroke is completed in less time which is proportional to angle β.

Description : Explain the working of Scotch Yoke mechanism with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Scotch yoke mechanism. This mechanism is used for converting rotary motion into a reciprocating motion. The inversion is obtained by fixing either the link 1 or link 3. In Fig. link 1 is fixed. In this ... link 4 (which corresponds to a frame) reciprocates. The fixed link 1 guides the frame

Description : Draw a neat sketch of ‘Locomotive coupler’ mechanism. Explain its working in brief.

Last Answer : Figure: Coupler Rod of Locomotive  (Link AD = Link BC = Crank Link CD = Coupling Rod Link AB = Fixed Link = Frame) Working of Coupler Rod of Locomotive: It is an ... center distance between them. This mechanism is meant for transmitting rotary motion from one wheel to the other wheel.

Description : Describe push rod overhead valve operating mechanism with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Push rod Overhead valve operating mechanism (OHV 4 -S engine): An overhead valve engine (OHV engine) is an engine in which the valves are placed over the cylinder head. The camshaft drive-chain ... . Overhead valve arrangement makes the engine slightly shorter than overhead camshaft.   OR  

Description : Explain with neat sketch block diagram of optical fiber communication system and list out sources and detectors suitable for it.

Last Answer : OR 1. The light source is normally an infrared LED or LASER device which is driven by the current value from the V to I convertor. It emits light which is proportional ... optical energy electrical signal. The light detectors which are used as PIN photodiode and avalanche photo diode.

Description : Explain with sketch the constructional features of “Anti Lock Braking” System.

Last Answer : Anti lock brake system: Figure shows block diagram of the ABS system. Typically ABS includes a central electronic control unit (ECU), four wheel speed sensors, and at least two hydraulic ... at the affected wheel, thus reducing the braking force on that wheel; the wheel then turns faster.

Description : Recommend with justification the generators used in SWT.

Last Answer : 1. Fixed Speed Induction Generator: This is squirrel cage induction generator for fixed speed. This is 1) reliable 2) self-starting 3) easy to adjust 4) have low maintenance.  2. ... optimizes use of given grid capacities 6) Better cooling performance 7) Reduced noise level of moving parts.

Description : Explain lift & drag wind energy conversion principle.

Last Answer : Two primary aerodynamic forces work in wind turbine rotors are:- 1) Lift which acts perpendicular to the direction of wind flow and 2) Drag acts parallel to wind flow. ... aero foil type blade offer better performance and higher rotational speed and make them ideal for power generation.

Description : Prepare maintenance schedule of various actuators used in large wind power plants. 

Last Answer : Maintenance Schedule of Various Actuators: Maintenance of Yaw System Actuator: The maintenance of Yaw system actuator is done quarterly or yearly. Following maintenance activities are to be ... , then send alarming signal. 7.Monitor change in temperature, pressure and mechanical stresses. 

Description : The metering mechanism which is suitable for the metering of small seeds as well as large grains. (a) Internal double run mechanism (b) Fluted wheel mechanism (c) Stationary opening with auger (d) None of the above

Last Answer : (a) Internal double run mechanism

Description : Draw neat sketch of valve timing diagram for 4-stroke petrol engine & label it.

Last Answer : Figure: Valve timing diagram of 4 stroke SI engine  

Description : Define ‘ Fore bearing ’ & ‘ back bearing ’ of line with a neat sketch

Last Answer : Fore bearing : The bearing of line observed in the direction of progress of survey is called fore bearing of the line. Bearing of line AB is observed at A' towards B' is called as fore bearing of the line ... The bearing observed at B' towards A' is called as back bearing of the line AB'  

Description : Draw a sketch of rack and pinion steering gear mechanism. Explain its working.

Last Answer : Working: The rotary motion of the steering wheel is transmitted to the pinion of the steering gear through universal joints. The pinion is mesh with a rack. The circular motion of the pinion is ... relayed through the ball joints and the rods to the stub axles for the wheels to be steered.  

Description : Draw a neat diagram of ‘Scotch Yoke Mechanism’. Explain its constructional features in brief.

Last Answer : Constructional Features of Scotch Yoke Mechanism: [1] In this mechanism, two sliding pairs and two turning pairs are used. So it is an inversion of Double Slider Crank Chain Mechanism. [2] It ... - Reciprocating Motion [3] The inversion is obtained by fixing either the Link 1 or Link 3. 

Description : Draw a neat sketch and explain the use of CT and PT for measurement of power in a single-phase circuit?

Last Answer : If wattmeter of proper range is not available or if voltage and current ranges are high we can usr CT and PT of suitable ratio. Connect the CT and PT as shown in figure. The reading of wattmeter can be multiplied by the ratio to get the actual power.   

Description : Explain electrostatic separation with a neat sketch. 

Last Answer : Electrostatic Separator Principle: If one or more of the materials of a granular mixture can acquire a  surface charge on or just before entering an electrostatic field, the particles of that ... repelled by electrode ,attracted by drum, falls straight in collecting bin due to gravity. 

Description : Explain with a neat sketch the working of the apparatus used for distillation on laboratory scale. 

Last Answer : There are two apparatus used for distillation on laboratory scale. 1. Simple apparatus. 2. Still apparatus. Simple apparatus: Working: 1. Water is filled in the round bottom flask. ... level device is fitted in such a way that only heated water free from gases enters the boiler. 

Description : Explain with the help of a neat sketch one of the evaporators covered under the group of natural circulation evaporators.

Last Answer : Natural circulation evaporators: The movement of liquid takes place as a result of convection current set up by heating process. Ex. evaporating pan, evaporating still, and short tube evaporator.  1. Evaporating ... area for evaporation. It consist of product outlet at bottom. Diagram:

Description : Explain working of Gobar Gas plant with a neat sketch.

Last Answer : It is a type of composting plant. In this plant gobar gas is produced from solid waste which is biodegradable in nature. A mixture of gases is produced by breakdown of organic matter in the absence of ... Dioxide. It is used as a fuel and the digested sludge is used as fertilizer for crops

Description : Explain the requirements of good formwork with names and materials proposed for beam of size 300 X 450 mm with neat labeled sketch.  

Last Answer : Requirements of good formwork:- 1. It should be adequately strong to withstand an extensive variety of dead and live loads. For instance, self-weight, weight of reinforcement, weight of wet concrete, loads of ... of concreting. 8. It should be lightweight. 9. It should be easy to remove.

Description : Explain raft foundation with neat sketch and explain its suitability. 

Last Answer : Raft Footing: It is suitable where ground is soft. Clayey or marshy having low bearing capacity, and where sub soil water conditions are uncertain. The raft foundation is also used to reduce settlement below highly compressible soils

Description : Define shoring. Enlist types of shoring. Explain any one type with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Shoring:- Shoring is the construction of a temporary structure to support temporarily an unsafe structure. These support walls laterally. Shoring can be used when walls bulge out, when walls crack due to ... of the structure above and transfer same to the ground on firm foundation below. 

Description : Explain four defects in plastering with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Following are the defects in plastering: 1) Blistering of plastered surface: it is the defect in which small patches of plaster are swelled out from the plastered surface. 2 ... defect in which there is complete dislocation of some portion of plastered surface which forms the patches. 

Description : Explain timbering and strutting with a neat sketch.

Last Answer : A method of giving the temporary support to the side of deep trench or when subsoil is loose or very soft is known as timbering (i.e. shoring) and strutting. It consists of timber planks and strut to give ... . 2. Box sheeting 3. Vertical sheeting 4. Runner system 5. Sheet piling  

Description : Enlist different types of staircase. Explain any one type with a neat sketch.

Last Answer : Types of Staircase: 1. Straight Stair 2. Dog legged Stair 3. Quarter turn Stair 4. Open well Stair 5. Three quarter turn Stair 6. Bifurcated Stair 7. Geometrical Stair 8. Circular ... . This well may be rectangular or of any geometrical shape and it can be used for fixing lift.

Description : Explain timbering and strutting in excavation with neat sketch.

Last Answer : A method of giving the temporary support to the side of deep trench or when subsoil is loose or very soft is known as timbering (i.e. shoring) and strutting. It consists of timber planks and strut to give ... sheeting 3. Vertical sheeting 4. Runner system  5. Sheet Piling 

Description : Enlist different types of traffic island and explain any one in brief with neat sketch.

Last Answer : The different types of traffic island are as follow: (1) Rotary or central islands. (2) Channelising or refuse islands. (1) Rotary or central islands: A traffic island constructed in ... each site of road intersection. A few typical designs of Channelising islands are illustrated below:

Description : Explain the types of hill road curve with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Types of curves provided on hill road are as follow:  (1) Hair pin bend curve: The curve in a hill road which changes its direction through an angle of 180o or so, down the hill on the ... moving traffic. At such curves, the parapet wall is provided only for safety of fast moving traffic.

Description : Explain the Divisional Island with neat sketch 

Last Answer : These types of Island are constructed to separate the traffic from opposite directions in a highway having four or more lanes. Thus, by providing such type of island the highway is divided into two ... driving. The kerb should be high enough to prevent vehicles from entering into the islands 

Description : Explain Rotary Island (Traffic Island) with a neat sketch.

Last Answer : Rotary Island or Traffic Island: The raised platforms of suitable shapes built on the road intersections are called traffic islands or rotary island. A rotary intersection or traffic rotary is an enlarged ... streams around the rotary and then to diverge out to the desired radiating road.

Description : Explain Softening Point Test on Bitumen with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Softening Point Test: The softening point test is conducted by Ring and Ball method in the laboratory as described below: The test sample of the given bituminous material is put ... values and thus the suitability of the bitumen under test is decided for bituminous pavement construction. 

Description : Explain the principle of techeometry with the help of a neat sketch.

Last Answer : Principle of tacheometry is based on principle of similar triangle in which corresponding sides & altitudes are proportional The ratio of distance of base from apex and length of base is always constant. ... S3=f/i=Constant Where f=focal length of objective and i =stadia intercept  

Description : Define lime and explain manufacturing of lime by continuous kiln with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Lime: The moisture and carbon dioxide are removed from the limestone by the process of calcination and the product which is remained after removing the moisture and carbon dioxide is termed as lime. The ... with as of fuel. Its thermal efficiency is however higher than of other furnaces.

Description : Explain with neat sketch patterns provided in the dressing of trap stone.

Last Answer : Following Patterns are provided in the dressing of stones 1. Hammer Dressing: In this case, stone blocks are roughly made rectangular by means of wallers hammer. The exposed face is roughly shaped by a ... , most of the projections are removed and it gives fine surface to the stone face.   

Description : Explain defects in timber with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Types of Defects in timber are grouped into the following divisions. The main natural forces responsible for causing defects in timber are abnormal growth and rapture of tissues. 1. Knots: Bases of ... gall indicates abnormal growth and peculiar curved swellings found on the body of a tree.  

Description : State and explain the working principle of hydrodynamic spring with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Working principle: Hydrodynamic springs are comparatively small, thick walled cylinder in which the spring effect is produced by applying load to the fluid in the cylinder through a small ... These springs are particularly useful in applications requiring high load capacities and stiffness.  

Description : Explain the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) processes with neat sketch. State its two advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Working  : Shielded metal arc welding uses a metallic consumable electrode of a proper composition for generating arc between itself and the parent work piece. The molten electrode metal fills the weld ... . 2. Weld may contain slag inclusions 3. Fumes make difficult the process control.

Description : Explain the resistance spot welding process with neat sketch. State its two advantage and disadvantage. 

Last Answer : Resistance Spot welding: Spot welding is employed to join overlapping strips, sheets or plates of metal at small areas .The pieces are assembled between two electrodes, which must possess high electrical & thermal ... for making the RSW a success. 4. The thick jobs are not easy to weld.