Explain with a neat sketch the working of the apparatus used for distillation on laboratory scale.

Explain with a neat sketch the working of the apparatus used for distillation on laboratory scale. 
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1 Answer

Answer :

There are two apparatus used for distillation on laboratory scale.

1. Simple apparatus.

2. Still apparatus.

Simple apparatus:

image

Working:

1. Water is filled in the round bottom flask.

2. Flask connected to condenser and condenser to receiver though adaptor. (as shown in diagram).

3. Liquid in flask is boiled and vapours are formed which are condensed by condenser and collected in the receiver.

Still apparatus:

image

Working:

1. It consists of boiler which is made of cast iron.

2. It is connected to the condenser tubes through the baffles.

3. The condenser tubes and baffles are made of stainless still.

4. Baffles are provided over the top of the condenser tubes to avoid water drops getting mixed with the vapours.

5. It is done to avoid carry-over of pyrogen and other water soluble material in the droplet.

6. The cooling water enters at the bottom of the condenser and heated by condensing vapours.

7. The flow rate is adjusted such a way that water gets heated at 900-950 C before it enters the boiler.

8. The top of condenser jacket is open, so that gases from the water can escape into atmosphere.

9. A constant level device is fitted in such a way that only heated water free from gases enters the boiler. 

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