Why the presence of a base is essential in the ammonolysis of alkyl halides ?

Why the presence of a base is essential in the ammonolysis of alkyl halides ?
by

1 Answer

Answer :

During ammonolysis of alkyl halides, the acid liberated during the reaction combines with the amine formed to form amine salt. To liberate free amine from the amine salt, a base is needed.
by

Related questions

When ammonia is added to an alkyl halide, in the presence of base : (a) primary amines form (b) amides form (c) nitrated alkyl halides form (d) quaternary ammonium salts form

Description : When ammonia is added to an alkyl halide, in the presence of base : (a) primary amines form (b) amides form (c) nitrated alkyl halides form (d) quaternary ammonium salts form

Last Answer : primary amines form

Alkyl halides react with ammonia in the presence of base to form : (a) primary amines(b) nitrated alkyl halides(c) amides(d) quaternary ammonium salts

Description : Alkyl halides react with ammonia in the presence of base to form : (a) primary amines (b) nitrated alkyl halides (c) amides (d) quaternary ammonium salts

Last Answer : primary amines

Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution as compared to alkyl halides due to (a) Inductive effect (b) Resonance stabilization (c) Tautomerism (d) Stereoisomerism

Description : Aryl halides are less reactive towards nucleophilic substitution as compared to alkyl halides due to (a) Inductive effect (b) Resonance stabilization (c) Tautomerism (d) Stereoisomerism

Last Answer : Resonance stabilization

Grignard reagents do not show any reaction with (a) Alkoxyalkanes (b) Alkanones (c) Alkyl alkanoates (d) Acyl halides

Description : Grignard reagents do not show any reaction with (a) Alkoxyalkanes (b) Alkanones (c) Alkyl alkanoates (d) Acyl halides

Last Answer : Alkoxyalkanes

Which of the following statements concerning SN2 reactions of alkyl halides is not correct? (a) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the nucleophile. (b) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the alkyl halide. (c) The rate of reaction of a particular alkyl bromide depends on the steric accessibility of the carbon of the C-Br bond. (d) All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Description : Which of the following statements concerning SN2 reactions of alkyl halides is not correct? (a) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the nucleophile. (b) The rate of reaction depends on the ... carbon of the C-Br bond. (d) All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Last Answer : All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Which of the following is not correct concerning substitution and elimination reactions of alkyl halides? (a) The electrophile replaces the leaving group. (b) Compounds containing electron-donating groups bonded to an sp3 hybridized carbon undergo substitution and elimination reactions. (c) The electronegative atom is replaced by another atom or group in substitution reactions. (d) (a) and (b)

Description : Which of the following is not correct concerning substitution and elimination reactions of alkyl halides? (a) The electrophile replaces the leaving group. (b) Compounds containing electron-donating groups bonded to an ... replaced by another atom or group in substitution reactions. (d) (a) and (b)

Last Answer : (a) and (b)

Which alkyl halides react most readily by nucleophilic substitution? (a) CH3CH2Cl (b) CH3CH2I (c) CH3CH2Br (d) CH3CH2F

Description : Which alkyl halides react most readily by nucleophilic substitution? (a) CH3CH2Cl (b) CH3CH2I (c) CH3CH2Br (d) CH3CH2F

Last Answer : CH3CH2I

Alkyl halides undergo (a) Electrophilic substitution reactions (b) Electrophilic addition reactions (c) Nucleophilic substitution reactions (d) Nucleophilic addition reactions

Description : Alkyl halides undergo (a) Electrophilic substitution reactions (b) Electrophilic addition reactions (c) Nucleophilic substitution reactions (d) Nucleophilic addition reactions

Last Answer : Nucleophilic substitution reactions

Best method for preparing primary amines from alkyl halides without changing the number of carbon atoms in the chain is

Description : Best method for preparing primary amines from alkyl halides without changing the number of carbon atoms in the chain is

Last Answer : Best method for preparing primary amines from alkyl halides without changing the number of carbon atoms in ... reaction D. Reaction with `NH_(3)`

The order of reactivities of the following alkyl halides for a `S_(N^(2))` reaction is :

Description : The order of reactivities of the following alkyl halides for a `S_(N^(2))` reaction is :

Last Answer : The order of reactivities of the following alkyl halides for a `S_(N^(2))` reaction is : A. RF > RCl > RBr > ... RBr > RF > RI D. RI > RBr > RCl > RF

Which of the following alkyl halides is hydrolysed by `S_(N^(1))` mechanism?

Description : Which of the following alkyl halides is hydrolysed by `S_(N^(1))` mechanism?

Last Answer : Which of the following alkyl halides is hydrolysed by `S_(N^(1))` mechanism? A. `CH_(3)Cl` B. `CH_(3)CH_(2)Cl` ... (2)CH_(2)Cl` D. `(CH_(3))_(3)"CCl"`

Which of the alkyl chlorides listed below undergoes dehydrohalogenation inthe presence of a strong base to give 2-pentene as the only alkene product?(a) 1-chloropentane(b) 2-chloropentane(c) 3-chloropentane(d) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane

Description : Which of the alkyl chlorides listed below undergoes dehydrohalogenation in the presence of a strong base to give 2-pentene as the only alkene product? (a) 1-chloropentane (b) 2-chloropentane (c) 3-chloropentane (d) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane

Last Answer : 3-chloropentane

Which of the alkyl chlorides listed below undergoes dehydrohalogenation in the presence of a strong base to give 2-pentene as the only alkene product? (a) 1-chloropentane (b) 2-chloropentane (c) 3-chloropentane (d) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane

Description : Which of the alkyl chlorides listed below undergoes dehydrohalogenation in the presence of a strong base to give 2-pentene as the only alkene product? (a) 1-chloropentane (b) 2-chloropentane (c) 3-chloropentane (d) 1-chloro-2-methylbutane

Last Answer : 3-chloropentane

2-Methyl-2-butene reacts with HBr in the presence of peroxide to give (a) A primary alkyl bromide (b) A secondary alkyl bromide (c) A tertiary alkyl bromide (d) A vicinal dibromide

Description : 2-Methyl-2-butene reacts with HBr in the presence of peroxide to give (a) A primary alkyl bromide (b) A secondary alkyl bromide (c) A tertiary alkyl bromide (d) A vicinal dibromide

Last Answer : A secondary alkyl bromide

2-Methylpropene reacts with HBr in the presence of peroxide to give (a) A primary alkyl bromide (b) A secondary alkyl bromide (c) A tertiary alkyl bromide (d) A vicinal dibromide

Description : 2-Methylpropene reacts with HBr in the presence of peroxide to give (a) A primary alkyl bromide (b) A secondary alkyl bromide (c) A tertiary alkyl bromide (d) A vicinal dibromide

Last Answer : A primary alkyl bromide

Number of halides undergoing complete reaction in presence of water under normal conditions is : (i) `BF_(3)` (ii) `BCl_(3)` (iii) `NCl_(3)` (iv) `AlC

Description : Number of halides undergoing complete reaction in presence of water under normal conditions is : (i) `BF_(3)` (ii) `BCl_(3)` (iii) `NCl_(3)` (iv) `AlC

Last Answer : Number of halides undergoing complete reaction in presence of water under normal conditions is : (i) `BF_(3)` (ii ... (vi) `PCl_(3)` (vii) `AsCl_(3)`

Number of halides undergoing complete reaction in presence of water under normal conditions is : (i) `BF_(3)` (ii) `BCl_(3)` (iii) `NCl_(3)` (iv) `AlC

Description : Number of halides undergoing complete reaction in presence of water under normal conditions is : (i) `BF_(3)` (ii) `BCl_(3)` (iii) `NCl_(3)` (iv) `AlC

Last Answer : Number of halides undergoing complete reaction in presence of water under normal conditions is : (i) `BF_(3)` (ii ... (vi) `PCl_(3)` (vii) `AsCl_(3)`

Presence of non-biodegradable substances, like alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) from the detergents in polluted water stream causes (A) Fire hazards (B) Explosion hazards (C) Persistent foam (D) Depletion of dissolved oxygen

Description : Presence of non-biodegradable substances, like alkyl benzene sulphonate (ABS) from the detergents in polluted water stream causes (A) Fire hazards (B) Explosion hazards (C) Persistent foam (D) Depletion of dissolved oxygen

Last Answer : (C) Persistent foam

Silver halides are used in photographic plates because they are - (1) oxidised in air (2) soluble in hyposolution (3) reduced by light (4) totally colourless

Description : Silver halides are used in photographic plates because they are - (1) oxidised in air (2) soluble in hyposolution (3) reduced by light (4) totally colourless

Last Answer : (3) reduced by light Explanation: The light-sensitive chemicals used in photographic film and paper are silver halides. Silver halides are used in photographic film and photographic paper, including ... - meaning that it can undergo development which turns the entire crystal into metallic silver.

Metal sulphides occur mainly in rocks and metal halides in lakes and seas. Explain.

Description : Metal sulphides occur mainly in rocks and metal halides in lakes and seas. Explain.

Last Answer : Ans.: Metal halides being soluble in water, get dissolved in rain water and are carried to lakes and seas during weathering of rocks. On the otherhand, metal sulphides being insoluble are left behind in the rocks as residue.

Give reason for the appearance of colour in alkali metal halides.

Description : Give reason for the appearance of colour in alkali metal halides. 

Last Answer : Due to F-centres.

Which of the following halides is least reactive in an E2 reaction with sodium methoxide? (a) (CH3)3CCH2I (b) (CH3)2CHCHICH3 (c) (CH3)2CHCH2Br (d) (CH3)2CHCH2Cl

Description : Which of the following halides is least reactive in an E2 reaction with sodium methoxide? (a) (CH3)3CCH2I (b) (CH3)2CHCHICH3 (c) (CH3)2CHCH2Br (d) (CH3)2CHCH2Cl

Last Answer : (CH3)3CCH2I

Which of the following halides is most reactive in an E2 reaction with sodium methoxide? (a) (CH3)3CCH2I (b) (CH3)2CHCHICH3 (c) (CH3)2CHCH2Br (d) (CH3)2CHCH2C

Description : Which of the following halides is most reactive in an E2 reaction with sodium methoxide? (a) (CH3)3CCH2I (b) (CH3)2CHCHICH3 (c) (CH3)2CHCH2Br (d) (CH3)2CHCH2C

Last Answer : (CH3)2CHCHICH3

Whose name is given to alkylmagnesium halides: w) Victor Grignard x) Daniel Rutherford y) Dmitri Mendeleev

Description : Whose name is given to alkylmagnesium halides: w) Victor Grignard x) Daniel Rutherford y) Dmitri Mendeleev

Last Answer : ANSWER: W -- VICTOR GRIGNARD

Silver halides are used in photographic plates because they are (1) oxidised in air (2) soluble in hyposolution (3) reduced by light (4) totally colourless

Description : Silver halides are used in photographic plates because they are (1) oxidised in air (2) soluble in hyposolution (3) reduced by light (4) totally colourless

Last Answer :  reduced by light

Which of the following is not a correct statement concerning the FriedelCrafts acylation of benzene? (a) An alkyl group substitutes for a hydrogen. (b) The benzene ring attacks an acylium ion. (c) The acylium ion is resonance stabilized. (d) The acylium ion is often produced from an acyl chloride.

Description : Which of the following is not a correct statement concerning the FriedelCrafts acylation of benzene? (a) An alkyl group substitutes for a hydrogen. (b) The benzene ring attacks an acylium ion. (c) The acylium ion is resonance stabilized. (d) The acylium ion is often produced from an acyl chloride.

Last Answer : An alkyl group substitutes for a hydrogen

Uriedes are (a) Halogen derivatives of urea (b) Acetyl derivatives of urea (c) Alkyl derivatives of urea (d) None of these

Description : Uriedes are (a) Halogen derivatives of urea (b) Acetyl derivatives of urea (c) Alkyl derivatives of urea (d) None of these

Last Answer : Acetyl derivatives of urea

. Hunsdiecker reaction is used for the preparation of (a) Alkyl chlorides and bromides (b) Alkyl nitrates and nitrites (c) Ketenes (d) Alcohols

Description : . Hunsdiecker reaction is used for the preparation of (a) Alkyl chlorides and bromides (b) Alkyl nitrates and nitrites (c) Ketenes (d) Alcohols

Last Answer : Alkyl chlorides and bromides

Which reaction does not yield an ester as one of the products?(a) A carboxylic acid is heated with an alcohol (b) A Grignard reagent is added to a carboxylic acid (c) An acid halide is treated with an alcohol (d) An alkyl halide is heated with the salt of a carboxylic acid

Description : Which reaction does not yield an ester as one of the products? (a) A carboxylic acid is heated with an alcohol (b) A Grignard reagent is added to a carboxylic acid (c) An acid halide is treated with an alcohol (d) An alkyl halide is heated with the salt of a carboxylic acid

Last Answer : A Grignard reagent is added to a carboxylic acid

The reaction of a sodium alkoxide with an alkyl halide is called (a) Wurtz-Fittig reaction (b) Perkin reaction (c) Williamson's synthesis (d) Aldol condensation

Description : The reaction of a sodium alkoxide with an alkyl halide is called (a) Wurtz-Fittig reaction (b) Perkin reaction (c) Williamson's synthesis (d) Aldol condensation

Last Answer : Williamson's synthesis

Which is the most reactive alkyl halide in a SN1 reaction? (a) CH3F (b) CH3Br (c) CH3I (d) CH3Cl

Description : Which is the most reactive alkyl halide in a SN1 reaction? (a) CH3F (b) CH3Br (c) CH3I (d) CH3Cl

Last Answer : CH3I

Which of the following factors has no effect on the rate of SN1 reactions? (a) the nature of the alkyl halide (b) the nature of the leaving group (c) the concentration of the alkyl halide (d) the concentration of the nucleophile

Description : Which of the following factors has no effect on the rate of SN1 reactions? (a) the nature of the alkyl halide (b) the nature of the leaving group (c) the concentration of the alkyl halide (d) the concentration of the nucleophile

Last Answer : the concentration of the nucleophile

Which of the following is the rate law for SN1 mechanisms? (a) Rate = k[Alkyl Halide] [Nucleophile] (b) Rate = k[Nucleophile] (c) Rate = k[Alkyl Halide](d) Rate = k1[Alkyl Halide] + k2[Nucleophile]

Description : Which of the following is the rate law for SN1 mechanisms? (a) Rate = k[Alkyl Halide] [Nucleophile] (b) Rate = k[Nucleophile] (c) Rate = k[Alkyl Halide] (d) Rate = k1[Alkyl Halide] + k2[Nucleophile]

Last Answer : Rate = k[Alkyl Halide]

How should CH3CHClCH2CH3 be classified? (a) primary alkyl halide (b) secondary alkyl halide (c) tertiary alkyl halide (d) quarternary alkyl halide

Description : How should CH3CHClCH2CH3 be classified? (a) primary alkyl halide (b) secondary alkyl halide (c) tertiary alkyl halide (d) quarternary alkyl halide

Last Answer : secondary alkyl halide

Which of the following is a secondary alkyl halide? (a) CH3Br(b) (CH3)3CBr (c) (CH3)2CHBr (d) (CH3)2CHCH2Br

Description : Which of the following is a secondary alkyl halide? (a) CH3Br (b) (CH3)3CBr (c) (CH3)2CHBr (d) (CH3)2CHCH2Br

Last Answer : (CH3)2CHBr

Which of the following best describes the carbon-chlorine bond of an alkyl chloride? (a) nonpolar; no dipole (b) polar; δ+ at carbon and δ– at chlorine (c) polar; δ– at carbon and δ+ at chlorine (d) ionic

Description : Which of the following best describes the carbon-chlorine bond of an alkyl chloride? (a) nonpolar; no dipole (b) polar; δ+ at carbon and δ– at chlorine (c) polar; δ– at carbon and δ+ at chlorine (d) ionic

Last Answer : polar; δ+ at carbon and δ– at chlorine

Which of the following statements is correct for a saturated alkyl halide? (a) the C–X bond results from overlap of the s orbital of carbon and the p orbital of the halogen (X) (b) the C–X bond results from overlap of the p orbital of carbon and the p orbital of the halogen (X) (c) the C–X bond results from overlap of the sp3 orbital of carbon and the p orbital of the halogen (X) (d) the C–X bond results from overlap of the sp2 orbital of carbon and the p orbital of the halogen (X)

Description : Which of the following statements is correct for a saturated alkyl halide? (a) the C-X bond results from overlap of the s orbital of carbon and the p orbital of the halogen (X) (b) the C-X bond ... the C-X bond results from overlap of the sp2 orbital of carbon and the p orbital of the halogen (X)

Last Answer : the C–X bond results from overlap of the sp3 orbital of carbon and the p orbital of the halogen (X)

There are 8 isomers that have the molecular formula C5H11Br. How many of these are tertiary alkyl bromides? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 8

Description : There are 8 isomers that have the molecular formula C5H11Br. How many of these are tertiary alkyl bromides? (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 8

Last Answer : 1

Which of the following factors influence whether a reaction will proceed by an SN1, SN2, E1, or E2 mechanism? (a) Structure of the alkyl halide (b) Solvent (c) Concentration of reagents (d) Nature of the nucleophile (e) All of these

Description : Which of the following factors influence whether a reaction will proceed by an SN1, SN2, E1, or E2 mechanism? (a) Structure of the alkyl halide (b) Solvent (c) Concentration of reagents (d) Nature of the nucleophile (e) All of these

Last Answer : All of these

Which of the following reagents cannot be used to prepare an alkyl chloride from an alcohol? (a) HCl + ZnCl2 (b) SOCl2 (c) NaCl (d) PCl5

Description : Which of the following reagents cannot be used to prepare an alkyl chloride from an alcohol? (a) HCl + ZnCl2 (b) SOCl2 (c) NaCl (d) PCl5

Last Answer : NaCl

Which of the following has two equatorial alkyl substituents in its most stable conformation? (a) 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane (b) cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (c) cis-1,3-diethylcyclohexane (d) cis-1,4-diethylcyclohexane

Description : Which of the following has two equatorial alkyl substituents in its most stable conformation? (a) 1,1-dimethylcyclohexane (b) cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane (c) cis-1,3-diethylcyclohexane (d) cis-1,4-diethylcyclohexane

Last Answer : cis-1,3-diethylcyclohexane

The major carbon compound formed from the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon in air is (a) carbon dioxide (b) carbon monoxide (c) water (d) alkyl chains

Description : The major carbon compound formed from the incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon in air is (a) carbon dioxide (b) carbon monoxide (c) water (d) alkyl chains

Last Answer : carbon monoxide

What type of an alkyl group is an isobutyl group? (a) primary (b) secondary (c) tertiary (d) none of these

Description : What type of an alkyl group is an isobutyl group? (a) primary (b) secondary (c) tertiary (d) none of these

Last Answer : none of these

Alkyl cyanide on reduction gives….. a. primary amine b. secondary amine c. amide d. carboxylic acid

Description : Alkyl cyanide on reduction gives….. a. primary amine b. secondary amine c. amide d. carboxylic acid

Last Answer : a. primary amine

In an alkyl halide substitution of hydrogen by deuterium results in slow formation of ion pair. This is known as? a. Ortho effect b. Mesomeric effect c. Secondary kinetic isotope effect d. Primary kinetic isotope effect

Description : In an alkyl halide substitution of hydrogen by deuterium results in slow formation of ion pair. This is known as? a. Ortho effect b. Mesomeric effect c. Secondary kinetic isotope effect d. Primary kinetic isotope effect

Last Answer : c. Secondary kinetic isotope effect

What class of organic compounds is characterized by an -OH group bonded to an alkyl group?

Description : What class of organic compounds is characterized by an -OH group bonded to an alkyl group?

Last Answer : ANSWER: ALCOHOL

Which of the following halides has the maximum covalent character ?

Description : Which of the following halides has the maximum covalent character ?

Last Answer : Which of the following halides has the maximum covalent character ? A. LiI B. NaI C. KI D. CsI

The order of stability of halides of sulphur with different halogens is

Description : The order of stability of halides of sulphur with different halogens is

Last Answer : The order of stability of halides of sulphur with different halogens is A. `I^(-) gt Br^(-) gt Cl^(-) gt F^(-)` ... `F^(-) gt Cl^(-) gt I^(-) Br^(-)`

The order of stability of halides of sulphur with different halogens is

Description : The order of stability of halides of sulphur with different halogens is

Last Answer : The order of stability of halides of sulphur with different halogens is A. `I^(-) gt Br^(-) gt Cl^(-) gt F^(-)` ... `F^(-) gt Cl^(-) gt I^(-) Br^(-)`

Which of the following hydrogen halides react with `AgNO_3` to give a precipitate that dissolves in hypo solution ? (I)HCl (II)HF (III)HI (IV)HBr

Description : Which of the following hydrogen halides react with `AgNO_3` to give a precipitate that dissolves in hypo solution ? (I)HCl (II)HF (III)HI (IV)HBr

Last Answer : Which of the following hydrogen halides react with `AgNO_3` to give a precipitate that dissolves in hypo solution ? (I) ... II),(I) D. (II),(IV),(III)