Explain the concept of De-emphasis with neat diagram. 

1 Answer

Answer :

image

In the De-emphasis circuit, by reducing the amplitude level of the received high frequency signal by the same amount as the increase in pre-emphasis is termed as De-emphasis. The pre-emphasis process is done at the transmitter side, while the de-emphasis process is done at the receiver side. Thus a high frequency modulating signal is emphasized or boosted in amplitude in transmitter before modulation. To compensate for this boost, the high frequencies are attenuated or de-emphasized in the receiver after the demodulation has been performed. Due to pre-emphasis and de-emphasis, the S/N ratio at the output of receiver is maintained constant. The de-emphasis process ensures that the high frequencies are returned to their original relative level before amplification. Pre-emphasis circuit is a high pass filter or differentiator which allows high frequencies to pass, whereas de-emphasis circuit is a low pass filter or integrator which allows only low frequencies to pass. 

Related questions

Description : Draw the block diagram of AM. Super heterodyne ratio receiver and state the function of each block

Last Answer : AM super heterodyne receiver works on the principle of super heterodyning. In the super heterodyne receiver, the incoming signal voltage is combined with a Signal generated in the receiver. The ... constant output level at the speaker even though the signal strength at the antenna varies.

Description : Draw the basic block diagram of Electronic communication system. State the function of transmitter.

Last Answer : Block diagram: Transmitter The function of the transmitter is to process the electrical signal from different aspects. For example in radio broadcasting the electrical signal obtained from sound ... the message signal are done just to ease the transmission of the signal through the channel.

Description : Explain Tropospheric scatter propagation with sketch.

Last Answer : As the name implies, troposcatter uses the troposphere as the region that affects the radio signals being transmitted, returning them to Earth so that they can be received by the ... of "blurring" the overall received signal and this makes high speed data transmissions difficult.

Description : A 400 W carrier is amplitude modulated to a depth of 75%.Calculate the total power in AM wave. (i) Explain the types of noise in a communication system. (ii) Compare simplex and duplex mode of communication.

Last Answer : (i) Noise: Noise is any spurious or undesired disturbances that mask the received signal in a communication system. a) Atmospheric Noise: Atmospheric Noise is also known as static noise which is the ... remote control ExamplesWalkytalky,telephone,mobile,Radar, FAX,Pager 4

Description : Explain the working of half dipole antenna with its radiation pattern. 

Last Answer : Half wave dipole antenna diagram Explanation: 1. It is a resonant antenna 2. It is exact half wavelength (λ /2) long & open circuited at one end. 3. The dipole ... waves exist. Hence radiation pattern is bidirectional. The radiation pattern of half wave dipole antenna is -

Description : Explain Electromagnetic spectrum. 

Last Answer : The information signal should be first converted into an electromagnetic signal before transmission because the wireless transmission takes place using electromagnetic waves. The electromagnetic waves are oscillations which ... This entire range of frequency of EM waves is called EM spectrum.

Description : Explain structure of rectangular microstrip patch antenna with its radiation pattern. 

Last Answer : In telecommunication, a microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB).It is a kind of ... microstrip transmission line with equivalent loads on either end to represent the radiation loss.

Description : Explain why reception for high frequency band is better during night time.

Last Answer : In sky wave propagation, the transmitted signal travels into the upper atmosphere where it is bent or reflected back to earth. This bending or reflection of signal takes place due to the presence ... reflected signal and hence the reception for high frequency band is better during night time.

Description : Draw the practical AM diode detector circuit. Sketch its input and output waveforms. 

Last Answer : Practical AM diode detector 1. Skip distance:-Skip distance is defined as the shortest distance from a transmitter, measured along the surface of earth at which a sky wave of fixed frequency ... had taken place from a surface located at a greater height, called Virtual height of this layer.

Description : Draw and label PLL based FM detector.

Last Answer : Draw and label PLL based FM detector.

Description : Write any one application of the following range. 1. Radio frequency 2. IR frequency 3. Medium frequency 

Last Answer : Application of 1. Radio Frequency- Radar signals and communication 2. IR Frequency- LED, Laser, TV remote, Used for directed links e.g. to connect different buildings via laser links. 3. Medium Frequency- AM broadcasting.

Description : Derive a mathematical expression for AM wave.

Last Answer : Derive a mathematical expression for AM wave.

Description : Compare sky wave and space wave propagation w.r.t. following points. (i) Frequency range (ii) Effect of fading (iii)Polarization (iv)Application

Last Answer : Sr. No  Parameters Sky Wave Propagation Space Wave Propagation 1 Frequency range 3 MHz to 30 MHz  Above 30 MHz 2 Effect of fading Problem of fading is ... horizontally Polarized 4 Application RadioBroadcasting (SW Range) Used for TV and FM broadcasting

Description : Sketch AM signal in (1)Time domain (2)Frequency domain.

Last Answer : AM in Time domain AM in frequency domain

Description : Compare narrow band FM with wide-band FM w.r.t. following points. (i) Modulation index (ii) Maximum deviation (iii)Range of modulating frequency (iv)Application

Last Answer : Sr. No Parameters Narrow band FM Wide band FM 1 Modulation index Less than or slightly greater than 1 Greater than 1  2 Maximum deviation ... like police wireless, ambulance etc. Entertainment broadcasting can be used for high quality music transmission 

Description : Sketch the radiation pattern of Yagi-Uda antenna.

Last Answer : Sketch the radiation pattern of Yagi-Uda antenna.

Description : Define fading w.r.t. wave propagation. 

Last Answer : Fading: The fluctuation in signal strength at a receiver, which is mainly due to the interference of two waves which left the same source but arrived at the destination by different paths, is known as fading. 

Description : Write the IF value of (i) FM ratio recevier. (ii) MW band AM.

Last Answer : (i) 10.7 Mhz (ii) 455 Khz

Description : Define modulation index of FM.

Last Answer : Modulation index of FM is defined as the ratio of the frequency deviation to the modulating frequency.

Description : Define the term signal to noise ratio. 

Last Answer : Signal to Noise ratio: The ratio of the strength of an electrical or other signal carrying information to that of unwanted interference is called as signal to noise ratio. OR Signal to Noise Ratio is defined as ... the same point. S/N=Ps/Pn where,Ps=Signal Power Pn=Noise Power at the same point

Description : Explain pre-emphasis and de-emphasis concept in FM.

Last Answer : Pre-emphasis:- In an FM system the higher frequencies contribute more to the noise than the lower frequencies. Because of this all FM systems adopt a system of pre-emphasis where the higher frequencies are ... at receiver to improve the noise immunity Pre-emphasis/ De-emphasis graph:

Description : Explain the concept and use of pressure diagram with neat sketches.

Last Answer : Pressure diagram is defined as It is the graphical representation of variation of pressure on the surface with depth . The total pressure per unit length is the area of pressure diagram. The position of ... sluice gate, side and bottom of water tank. v. To find position of centre of pressure. 

Description : With the help of neat diagram. explain the concept and principle used in electroplating. 

Last Answer : Process of Electroplating:-  A DC current passed through a solution of chemical compound then the solution can be dissociated into its constituent's parts & deposition of metal takes ... its salt. Again it dissociates & process is continued till pure metal goes into solution.

Description : Explain concept of capacitive type proximity switch with neat schematic diagram.

Last Answer : Capacitive type proximity switch: A capacitive proximity switch is device that senses presence of metallic or nonmetallic objects. The internal circuit consists of an oscillator, threshold detection stage and ... in oscillation amplitude is detected and output switching device is turned on. 

Description : Describe the concept of leakage flux, useful flux and fringing with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Leakage Flux

Description : Explain with neat circuit, concept of open circuit and short circuit.

Last Answer : Open Circuit  Two points in a circuit are said to be open circuited if there is no circuit element or direct connection between them. An open circuit exist between points A and B in ... short circuited in below figure. The resistance between short circuited points is zero. RAB= 0Ω

Description : What is time multiplexed space switching? With a neat diagram explain its operation.

Last Answer : Time division switches where an inlet or an outlet corresponded to a single subscriber line with one speech sample appearing every 125 µs on the line. Such switches are used in local exchanges. We now ... / Mt , Where t is the switching time including memory access time per inlet-outlet pair.  

Description : Explain with neat diagram the different hazards and the way to eliminate them.

Last Answer : • Classification of hazards • Static hazard & Dynamic hazard definitions • K map for selected functions • Method of elimination • Essential hazards

Description : Explain the operation of a full wave bridge rectifier with π filter using a neat diagram. Draw input and output waveforms.

Last Answer : During positive half-cycle of input, the secondary voltage VAB is positive, so diodes D1 and D2 forward biased and D3 and D4 reverse biased. The load current flows from terminal A ... smooth DC voltage appears across the load. The input and output waveforms are shown in the figure.

Description : Explain working,construction of filter leaf with neat diagram. 

Last Answer : Construction of filter leaf   It consists of metal frame enclosing a wire screen or a grooved plate. The screen is covered by filter cloth which is fitted in frame, to grip the cloth. The frame ... . The cake can be washed by immersing in a vessel containing water or reverse flow of air

Description : Explain working of fluid energy mill with a neat diagram.

Last Answer : Working:  1. The material which is to be size reduced is fed in the grinding chamber from the bottom through the feed inlet. 2. The air or inert gas is introduced with a very high pressure through ... particle size to the order of 100# and then passed through fluid energy mill. Diagram:   

Description : Explain with neat diagram how transistor can be used as a switch.

Last Answer : In Bipolar Transistor as a Switch the biasing of the transistor, either NPN or PNP is arranged to operate the transistor at both sides of the I-V characteristics curves. The areas ... possible and maximum current flowing through the transistor. Therefore the transistor is switched Fully-ON .

Description : Explain vertical deflection subsystem with neat diagram.

Last Answer : vertical deflection subsystem The main function of the vertical deflection system is to provide an amplified signal of prope r level toderive the vertical deflection plates without any ... suppression, reduced no nlinear effects because none of the plates are at ground potential. 

Description : With the help of constructional diagram, explain the working of LDR with neat sketch.

Last Answer : Working Principle The resistance depends on the intensity of light, as resistance decreases with increase in light intensity. Characteristics Applications of LDR 1. They are often ... circuits, light intensity meters, for counting the packages moving on a conveyor belt, etc.

Description : Explain 3-2-1 principle of locations with suitable example and neat diagram

Last Answer : 3-2-1 Principle of Location used in Jig & Fixtures: It is also known as six pin or six point location principle. In this, the three adjacent locating surfaces of the blank (work piece) are ... [7] Another pin F in the second vertical face of the fixed body, arrests degree of freedom 9.

Description : Explain string diagram with a neat sketch. 

Last Answer : String Diagram: 1. A string diagram is defined as a scale plan or model on which a thread is used to trace and measure the path of workers, materials or equipments during a specified sequence of events ... movement. 6. A String diagram for a particular process is shown in following fig.

Description : Explain operation of solenoid valve with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Operation: A solenoid valve is the combination of a basic solenoid and mechanical valve. So a solenoid valve has two parts namely- Electrical solenoid, mechanical valve. Solenoid ... coil, the emf is dissipated allowing internal spring return the valve stem to the original position 

Description : Explain electrolytic refining of aluminium with neat labelled diagram 

Last Answer : Process: 1) The electrolytic cell consists of an iron tank lined at the bottom with carbon, which serve as anode. A number of graphite rods serve as cathode. 2) The cell is filled with three ... Crude or impure Al is added to the bottom layer from time to time. The process is thus continued.

Description : Explain with a neat diagram of ratio detector. Why limiter stage is not used before ratio detector.

Last Answer : With diode D2 reversed , O is positive with respect to b, so that Vab is a sum voltage rather than the difference it was in the discriminator it is now possible to connect a large capacitor ... of limiter stage due to large capacitor C5 .Hence, limiter stage is not used in ratio detector.  

Description : With the help of neat diagram, explain the working of phase discriminator.

Last Answer : Explanation:- This discriminator is also known as the center tuned discriminator or the Foster Seeley discriminator after its inventors. It is possible to obtain the same S- Shape response curve from a circuit in ... fin = fc, fin > fc + Δf and fin<fc- Δf should be given marks

Description : Explain skip zone and skip distance with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Skip distance:-Skip distance is defined as the shortest distance from a transmitter, measured along the surface of earth at which a sky wav of fixed frequency returns back to the earth. Skip zone: skip zone where signal is not detectable

Description : Explain the capacitance type level measurement method with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Capacitance level indicator  Explanation: It consists of two conductors separated from each other by dielectric material between them. There is an insulated capacitance probe fixed near and parallel to ... , the dielectric constant changes due to which capacitance changes. Thus any change.

Description : Explain the working and principle of electromagnetic flow meter with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Electromagnetic flow meter:  Principle: Electromagnetic flow meter works on the principle of Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction which states that when a current carrying conductor moves through stationary ... of fluid changes causing the induced emf to change. Diagram:

Description : Explain with neat diagram working of Mc Leod gauge used for vacuum measurement.

Last Answer : Mc Leod gauge:  Working: To operate the gauge, the piston is first withdrawn, causing the level of mercury in the lower part of the gauge to fall below the level of the junction between the two tubes. ... the fluid.  The expression for calculating the unknown pressure is Diagram: 

Description : Explain with neat labelled diagram measurement of flow using venturi meter

Last Answer : Explanation: It is a primary element of differential pressure Flow meters. 1) It consists of a straight inlet section, a converging conical inlet section, a cylindrical throat and diverging recovery ... abruptly, so permanent pressure loss or energy loss is very low as compared to orifice plate.

Description : Explain with neat sketch block diagram of optical fiber communication system and list out sources and detectors suitable for it.

Last Answer : OR 1. The light source is normally an infrared LED or LASER device which is driven by the current value from the V to I convertor. It emits light which is proportional ... optical energy electrical signal. The light detectors which are used as PIN photodiode and avalanche photo diode.

Description : With neat diagram explain inter process communication model.

Last Answer : Inter-process communication: Cooperating processes require an Interprocess communication (IPC) mechanism that will allow them to exchange data and information. There are two models of IPC 1. ... a communication link between them. Between each pair of processes exactly one communication link.

Description : Explain Satellite communication with neat diagram

Last Answer : SATELLITE COMMUNICATION: In satellite communication, signal transferring between the sender and receiver is done with the help of satellite. In this process, the signal which is basically a beam ... of satellite: Satellite television digital cinema satellite radio satellite internet access

Description : Explain the function of each layer of OSI reference model with neat diagram.

Last Answer : OSI model (open system interconnection) model was developed by ISO (international standard organization) Function of OSI model: i. It provides way to understand how internetwork operates. ... Network virtual terminal file transfer access and management mail services and directory services

Description : With a neat diagram explain the construction of calendria type evaporator.

Last Answer : Calendria type(Short tube) evaporator: Construction: It consists of vertical cylindrical shell incorporating short vertical tube bundle with horizontal tube sheet. Vapour inlet is provided at top ... sheet, while non condensable gas is vented to atmosphere from point near top tube sheet.