Which are the intracellular organelles present in bacteria?

Which are the intracellular organelles present in bacteria?
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Considering typical eukaryotic cell organelles, heterotrophic bacteria have ribosomes, essential for protein synthesis.
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Insulin increases the permeability of glucose across the plasma membrane of muscle cells by (A) Acting on adenylate cycle (B) By loosening the integrity of the membrane (C) Through Ca2+ ions (D) By membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane

Description : Insulin increases the permeability of glucose across the plasma membrane of muscle cells by (A) Acting on adenylate cycle (B) By loosening the integrity of the membrane (C) Through Ca2 ... membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane

Last Answer : Answer : D

Intracellular organelles involved with protein synthesis include: a. Mitochondria b. Endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes

Description : Intracellular organelles involved with protein synthesis include: a. Mitochondria b. Endoplasmic reticulum c. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes

Last Answer : Answer: b, c Mitochondria are the major source of energy production in eukaryotic cells. The endoplasmic reticulum is the network of interconnected membranes forming closed vesicles, ... containing acid hydrolytic enzymes that degrade polymers such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

Eukaryotic cells have extensive intracellular membranes, termed the endomembrane system, which divide the cell into structurally and functionally distinct compartments, or organelles. These include the inner cell membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes. Name a cellular component whose membrane is not part of the endomembrane system.

Description : Eukaryotic cells have extensive intracellular membranes, termed the endomembrane system, which divide the cell into structurally and functionally distinct compartments, or organelles. These include the inner cell ... . Name a cellular component whose membrane is not part of the endomembrane system.

Last Answer : Mitochondria; also chloroplasts

Eukaryotic cell organelles first emerged A.from a specialized lineage of cells within the kingdom Protista B.when prokaryotes engulfed each other and became interdependent C.when bacteria made their first attempts at reproduction D.just before the origin of the animal and fungal kingdoms

Description : Eukaryotic cell organelles first emerged A.from a specialized lineage of cells within the kingdom Protista B.when prokaryotes engulfed each other and became interdependent C.when bacteria made their first attempts at reproduction D.just before the origin of the animal and fungal kingdoms

Last Answer : B.when prokaryotes engulfed each other and became interdependent

In intracellular compartment the fluid present in ml/kg body weight is about (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 200 (D) 330

Description : In intracellular compartment the fluid present in ml/kg body weight is about (A) 100 (B) 200 (C) 200 (D) 330

Last Answer : Answer : D

Where are the organelles present in a cell?

Description : Where are the organelles present in a cell?

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___is rupture of red cells with release of intracellular haemoglobin can occur if the Antibody has the property of hemolysin. a) Agglutination b) Hemolysis c) Reaction

Description : ___is rupture of red cells with release of intracellular haemoglobin can occur if the Antibody has the property of hemolysin. a) Agglutination b) Hemolysis c) Reaction

Last Answer : b) Hemolysis is the rupture of red blood cells with the release of intracellular hemoglobin, and it can occur if the antibody has the property of hemolysin. Hemolysis is the destruction or ... bacteria, and viruses, and it is a key principle in many diagnostic tests for infectious diseases.

Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion? -Biology

Description : Distinguish between intracellular and extracellular digestion? -Biology

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Description : Why are viruses called obligate intracellular parasites? -Biology

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What are intracellular enzymes? -Biology

Description : What are intracellular enzymes? -Biology

Last Answer : An endoenzyme, or intracellular enzyme, is an enzyme that functions within the cell in which it was produced. Because the majority of enzymes fall within this category, the term is used primarily to differentiate a specific enzyme from an exoenzyme.

What is intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : The process by which food is digested inside a particular cell is called intracellular digestion.

Which cell organelle divides the intracellular space int two distinct compartments, i.e. luminal (inside) and extra luminal (cytoplasm) compartments ?

Description : Which cell organelle divides the intracellular space int two distinct compartments, i.e. luminal (inside) and extra luminal (cytoplasm) compartments ?

Last Answer : Which cell organelle divides the intracellular space int two distinct compartments, i.e. ... Mitochondria C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Lysosome

The hormone which acts through intracellular receptor protein is

Description : The hormone which acts through intracellular receptor protein is

Last Answer : The hormone which acts through intracellular receptor protein is A. Growth hormone B. Prolactin C. Thyroxine D. Adrenaline

Which of the following product of PIP`""_(2)` diffuses into the cytoplasm triggering the release of `Ca^(2+)` for intracellular calcium-mediated proce

Description : Which of the following product of PIP`""_(2)` diffuses into the cytoplasm triggering the release of `Ca^(2+)` for intracellular calcium-mediated proce

Last Answer : Which of the following product of PIP`""_(2)` diffuses into the cytoplasm triggering the release of `Ca^(2 ... `IP_3` B. DG C. cAMP D. Protein kinase

What is the major cation in the intracellular fluid?

Description : What is the major cation in the intracellular fluid?

Last Answer : potassium

Colloid osmotic pressure of intracellular fluid is (A) Equal to that of plasma (B) More than that of plasma (C) More than that of plasma (D) Nearly zero WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 285

Description : Colloid osmotic pressure of intracellular fluid is (A) Equal to that of plasma (B) More than that of plasma (C) More than that of plasma (D) Nearly zero WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 285

Last Answer : Answer : B

Of the total body water, intracellular compartment contains about (A) 50% (B) 60% (C) 70% (D) 80%

Description : Of the total body water, intracellular compartment contains about (A) 50% (B) 60% (C) 70% (D) 80%

Last Answer : Answer : C

A high serum potassium, accompanied by a high intracellular potassium occurs in (A) Adrenal insufficiency (B) Any illness (C) Gastrointestinal losses (D) Cushing’s syndrome

Description : A high serum potassium, accompanied by a high intracellular potassium occurs in (A) Adrenal insufficiency (B) Any illness (C) Gastrointestinal losses (D) Cushing’s syndrome

Last Answer : Answer : A

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Calcium (D) Magnesium

Description : The principal cation in intracellular fluid is (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Calcium (D) Magnesium

Last Answer : Answer : B

Important finding of secondary dehydration is (A) Intracellular oedema (B) Cellular dehydration (C) Thirst (D) Muscle cramps

Description : Important finding of secondary dehydration is (A) Intracellular oedema (B) Cellular dehydration (C) Thirst (D) Muscle cramps

Last Answer : Answer : A

In primary dehydration (A) Intracellular fluid volume is reduced (B) Intracellular fluid volume remains normal (C) Extracellular fluid volume is much reduced (D) Extracellular fluid volume is much increased

Description : In primary dehydration (A) Intracellular fluid volume is reduced (B) Intracellular fluid volume remains normal (C) Extracellular fluid volume is much reduced (D) Extracellular fluid volume is much increased

Last Answer : Answer : A

The mean intracellular concentration of ATP in mammalian cell is about (A) 1 mM (B) 2 mM (C) 0.1 mM (D) 0.2 mM

Description : The mean intracellular concentration of ATP in mammalian cell is about (A) 1 mM (B) 2 mM (C) 0.1 mM (D) 0.2 mM

Last Answer : Answer : A

Hormonal stimulation of the formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) quickly leads to the release of which other intracellular messenger? (A) cAMP (B) Prostaglandin (C) Calcinon (D) Leukotriene

Description : Hormonal stimulation of the formation of the second messenger inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3) quickly leads to the release of which other intracellular messenger? (A) cAMP (B) Prostaglandin (C) Calcinon (D) Leukotriene

Last Answer : Answer : C

Binding of catecholamines to α2− adrenergic receptors (A) Increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (B) Increases the intracellular concentration of cGMP (C) Decreases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (D) Decreases the intracellular concentration of cGMP

Description : Binding of catecholamines to α2− adrenergic receptors (A) Increases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (B) Increases the intracellular concentration of cGMP (C) Decreases the intracellular concentration of cAMP (D) Decreases the intracellular concentration of cGMP

Last Answer : Answer : C

Some hormones produce their intracellular effects by activating (A) Phospholipae A1 (B) Phospholipase B (C) Phospholipase C (D) All of these

Description : Some hormones produce their intracellular effects by activating (A) Phospholipae A1 (B) Phospholipase B (C) Phospholipase C (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : C

All the following statements about steroid hormones are true except (A) They are hydrophobic (B) They require carriers to transport them in circulation (C) Their receptors are intracellular (D) They require cyclic AMP as second messenger

Description : All the following statements about steroid hormones are true except (A) They are hydrophobic (B) They require carriers to transport them in circulation (C) Their receptors are intracellular (D) They require cyclic AMP as second messenger

Last Answer : Answer : D

Hormone that binds to intracellular receptor is (A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (B) Thyroxine (C) Follicle stimulating hormone (D) Glucagon

Description : Hormone that binds to intracellular receptor is (A) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (B) Thyroxine (C) Follicle stimulating hormone (D) Glucagon

Last Answer : Answer : B

What is the principal cation of intracellular fluid? (A) K+ (B) Na+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+

Description : What is the principal cation of intracellular fluid? (A) K+ (B) Na+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+

Last Answer : Answer : A

Concentration of the following is higher in intracellular fluid than in extracellular fluid: (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate

Description : Concentration of the following is higher in intracellular fluid than in extracellular fluid: (A) Sodium (B) Potassium (C) Chloride (D) Bicarbonate

Last Answer : Answer : B

Rate of tissue respiration is raised when the intracellular concentration of (A) ADP increases (B) ATP increases (C) ADP decreases (D) None of these

Description : Rate of tissue respiration is raised when the intracellular concentration of (A) ADP increases (B) ATP increases (C) ADP decreases (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer : A

A nonspecific intracellular antioxidant is (A) Chromium (B) Magnesium (C) Selenium (D) Nickel

Description : A nonspecific intracellular antioxidant is (A) Chromium (B) Magnesium (C) Selenium (D) Nickel

Last Answer : Answer : C

During deficiency of thiamine the concentration of the following compound rises in blood and intracellular fluid: (A) Glycogen (B) Sugar (C) Amino acids (D) Pyruvic acid

Description : During deficiency of thiamine the concentration of the following compound rises in blood and intracellular fluid: (A) Glycogen (B) Sugar (C) Amino acids (D) Pyruvic acid

Last Answer : Answer : D

All the following statements describing lipids are true except (A) They usually associate by covalent interactions (B) They are structurally components of membranes (C) They are an intracellular energy source (D) They are poorly soluble in H2O

Description : All the following statements describing lipids are true except (A) They usually associate by covalent interactions (B) They are structurally components of membranes (C) They are an intracellular energy source (D) They are poorly soluble in H2O

Last Answer : Answer : A

Zymogen is (A) An intracellular enzyme (B) Serum enzyme (C) A complete extracellular enzyme (D) An inactivated enzyme

Description : Zymogen is (A) An intracellular enzyme (B) Serum enzyme (C) A complete extracellular enzyme (D) An inactivated enzyme

Last Answer : Answer : D

The following points about microfilaments are true except (A) They form cytoskeleton with microtubules (B) They provide support and shape (C) They form intracellular conducting channels (D) They are involved in muscle cell contraction

Description : The following points about microfilaments are true except (A) They form cytoskeleton with microtubules (B) They provide support and shape (C) They form intracellular conducting channels (D) They are involved in muscle cell contraction

Last Answer : C

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of hypoxanthine and xanthene b. Oxygen free radicals such as the superoxide radical are involved in the expression of the proinflammatory phenotype of endothelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils c. The intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAN-1) contributes to injury and disruption of the endothelial lining, with extensive capillary leak and resultant interstitial edema d. Animal models have demonstrated that passive immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of ... immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d During the ischemia and hypoperfusion phase, degradation of ATP stores essential to maintain cell integrity and significant loss of diffusible ... either the neutrophil adhesive complex or the endothelial selectins dramatically lessens ischemia/reperfusion microvascular injury

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the microvascular and cellular response to shock? a. Osmodically induced mobilization of intracellular fluid is the initial response to restore intravascular volume b. With larger volume hemorrhagic shock deterioration of normal cellular transmembrane potential occurs resulting in an increase in extracellular sodium and water c. The accumulation of anaerobic metabolites override normal homeostatic vasomotor tone and contribute to the maladaptive vasodilatation d. Abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis may contribute to the cellular dysfunction of shock

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the microvascular and cellular response to shock? a. Osmodically induced mobilization of intracellular fluid is the initial ... d. Abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis may contribute to the cellular dysfunction of shock

Last Answer : Answer: c, d Moderate hypovolemia results in a relatively rapid spontaneous restitution of intravascular volume through expansion of the plasma space. This plasma expansion by ... potassium pump. Cellular dysfunction also appears to be related to abnormal intracellular calcium homeostasis

Most hormone receptors are localized on the cell membrane and transduce hormone binding into altered levels of intracellular messengers. A limited number of intracellular receptors do exist. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning intracellular receptors? a. The messengers or hormones must by lipophilic b. These intracellular receptors generally regulate protein synthesis c. The intracellular receptors are located entirely in the nucleus of the cell d. A heat-shock protein serves as an inhibitor protein blocking the DNA-binding domain of the steroid receptor

Description : Most hormone receptors are localized on the cell membrane and transduce hormone binding into altered levels of intracellular messengers. A limited number of intracellular receptors do exist. Which of ... protein serves as an inhibitor protein blocking the DNA-binding domain of the steroid receptor

Last Answer : Answer: a, d Although most hormone and other messenger receptors are extracellular, intracellular receptors have been identified. The hormone messengers involved for these receptors are primarily ... DNA-binding domain of the receptor. Activation involves the dissociation of the inhibitor protein

The best understood intracellular messenger is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Which of the following statement(s) concerning this intracellular messenger is/are correct? a. Intracellular cyclic AMP is constantly degraded by a specific enzyme, cAMP phosphodiesterase b. Most of the actions of cAMP are mediated by activation of protein kinase A c. Intracellular levels of cAMP are relatively stable and change solely in response to activation of adenylate cyclase d. cAMP is the only cyclic nucleotide active as an intracellular messenger

Description : The best understood intracellular messenger is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Which of the following statement(s) concerning this intracellular messenger is/are correct? a. Intracellular cyclic AMP is constantly ... of adenylate cyclase d. cAMP is the only cyclic nucleotide active as an intracellular messenger

Last Answer : Answer: a, b The prototypic intracellular messenger is cAMP. To function as a mediator, the concentration of cAMP must change rapidly. In resting cells, cAMP is continuously being degraded by ... produce cGMP. Intracellular calcium ions also serve as second messengers in a large number of cells

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning cell membrane receptors? a. The largest family of cell surface receptors are the G-protein-linked receptors b. Activities of the G-protein involve binding and hydrolysis of ATP c. The G protein receptor generates an intracellular messenger commonly through the use adenylate cyclase d. Tyrosine kinase receptors are considered G-protein-linked receptors

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning cell membrane receptors? a. The largest family of cell surface receptors are the G-protein-linked receptors b. Activities of the ... through the use adenylate cyclase d. Tyrosine kinase receptors are considered G-protein-linked receptors

Last Answer : Answer: a, c All water-soluble regulatory molecules bind to the cell surface receptor proteins. Binding of the appropriate ligand evokes an intracellular signal which usually regulates ... are adenylate cyclase, which converts ATP to cAMP, and the polyphosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C

A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance of these differences is/are true? a. The cell membrane is able to maintain a 10,000 fold gradient between the extracellular concentration of ionized calcium and the intracellular concentration b. The key to these differences is the fact that the plasma membrane is normally impermeable to sodium, potassium and calcium c. The selectivity of biologic membranes is highly consistent and seldom changes d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Description : A striking feature of living cells is a marked difference between the composition of the cytosol and the extracellular milieu. Which of the following statement(s) concerning the mechanisms of maintenance ... d. The selectivity of cell membranes relates only to ions and not organic compounds

Last Answer : Answer: a The survival of the cell requires that cytosolic composition be maintained within narrow limits, despite the constant influx of nutrients and the simultaneous outflow of waste. A ... be altered drastically as a result of regulatory or signaling processes that occur within the cell

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell plasma membrane? a. The plasma membrane is composed of amphipathic molecules b. The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane contains specialized transport proteins which maintain the intracellular ionic milieu different from the extracellular fluid c. Plasma membrane proteins extend externally and bear phospholipid moieties which contribute to the cell coat d. The membrane proteins of nerve cells are highly voltage-dependent

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the cell plasma membrane? a. The plasma membrane is composed of amphipathic molecules b. The hydrophobic core of the lipid bilayer of the ... contribute to the cell coat d. The membrane proteins of nerve cells are highly voltage-dependent

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d The plasma membrane defines the boundary of the cell and serves to contain and concentrate enzymes and other macromolecule constituents. The plasma membrane is ... and bear carbohydrate moieties primarily as oligosaccharide chains that contribute to the cell coat or glycocalyx

Which of the following statements about the preparation and storage of blood components is/are true? A. Solutions containing citrate prevent coagulation by binding calcium. B. The shelf life of packed red blood cells preserved with CPDA-1 is approximately 35 days at 1؛ to 6؛ C. C. There are normal numbers of platelets in packed red blood cells stored at 1؛ to 6؛ C for more than 2 days. D. The storage lesion affecting refrigerated packed red blood cells includes development of acidosis, hyperkalemia, and decreased intracellular 2,3DPG (diphosphoglycerate).

Description : Which of the following statements about the preparation and storage of blood components is/are true? A. Solutions containing citrate prevent coagulation by binding calcium. B. The ... cells includes development of acidosis, hyperkalemia, and decreased intracellular 2,3DPG (diphosphoglycerate).

Last Answer : Answer: ABD DISCUSSION: After blood has been collected from a donor, it is anticoagulated with a solution containing citrate, which acts by binding calcium. Blood is then separated into its ... transfusion or produce effects other than those predicted based on the content of the unit of blood

The biochemical mechanism of action of digitalis is associated with (a) A decrease in calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (b) An increase in ATP synthesis (c) A modification of the actin molecule (d) An increase in systolic intracellular calcium levels (e) A block of sodium/calcium exchange

Description : The biochemical mechanism of action of digitalis is associated with (a) A decrease in calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (b) An increase in ATP synthesis (c) A modification of the actin molecule (d) An increase in systolic intracellular calcium levels (e) A block of sodium/calcium exchange

Last Answer : Ans: D

Methylxanthines exert the following action (s) at cellular/molecular level (a) Intracellular release of Ca2+ (b) Antagonism of adenosine (c) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (d) All of the above

Description : Methylxanthines exert the following action (s) at cellular/molecular level (a) Intracellular release of Ca2+ (b) Antagonism of adenosine (c) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: D

Organic nitrates relax vascular smooth muscle by (a) Increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (b) Increasing intracellular cyclic GMP (c) Decreasing intracellular cyclic AMP (d) Both (b) and (c)

Description : Organic nitrates relax vascular smooth muscle by (a) Increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (b) Increasing intracellular cyclic GMP (c) Decreasing intracellular cyclic AMP (d) Both (b) and (c)

Last Answer : Ans: B

Which of the following drugs has demonstrated in vitro activity against Mycobacterium avium-intracellular(MAI)? (a) Vancomycin (b) Clarithromycin (c) Erythromycin base (d) Troleandomycin (e) Erythromycin estolate

Description : Which of the following drugs has demonstrated in vitro activity against Mycobacterium avium-intracellular(MAI)? (a) Vancomycin (b) Clarithromycin (c) Erythromycin base (d) Troleandomycin (e) Erythromycin estolate

Last Answer : Ans: B

What is autophagic intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is autophagic intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : Why is this type of intracellular digestion intensified in an organism undergoing starvation? Autophagic intracellular digestion is the cellular internal digestion of waste and residual materials. In general ... obtain from its own constituent materials the nutrients necessary to stay alive.

What is heterophagic intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is heterophagic intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : How is this process accomplished? Heterophagic intracellular digestion is the breaking into smaller substances of external substances engulfed in the cell by pinocytosis or phagocytosis. Phagosomes or pinosomes fuse ... with the plasma membrane and liberates its waste in the exterior space.

What is intracellular digestion ?

Description : What is intracellular digestion ?

Last Answer : Intracellular digestion, or cellular digestion, is the breaking in the interior of the cell of big molecules coming from outside or even from the own cell metabolism into smaller ... is classified into two types: heterophagic intracellular digestion and autophagic intracellular digestion.