Active immunity can be produced by administration of (A) Killed bacteria or viruses (B) Live attenuated bacteria or viruses (C) Toxoids (D) All of these

Active immunity can be produced by administration of (A) Killed bacteria or viruses (B) Live attenuated bacteria or viruses (C) Toxoids (D) All of these
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Answer : D
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Passive immunity can be produced by administration of (A) Pure antigens (B) Immunoglobulins (C) Toxoids (D) Killed bacteria or viruses

Description : Passive immunity can be produced by administration of (A) Pure antigens (B) Immunoglobulins (C) Toxoids (D) Killed bacteria or viruses

Last Answer : Answer : B

An attenuated vaccine is one that a. Can provide life-long immunity. b. Contains live microbes or viruses. c. Is closest to the natural pathogens. d. All the above (a-c) are correct.

Description : An attenuated vaccine is one that a. Can provide life-long immunity. b. Contains live microbes or viruses. c. Is closest to the natural pathogens. d. All the above (a-c) are correct.

Last Answer : d. All the above (a-c) are correct.

An attenuated vaccine contains a. Inactive toxins. b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens. c. Killed bacteria. d. Noninfective antigen subunits.

Description : An attenuated vaccine contains a. Inactive toxins. b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens. c. Killed bacteria. d. Noninfective antigen subunits.

Last Answer : b. Living, but slow growing (replicating) antigens.

What is the advantage of the attenuated viruses in a vaccine?

Description : What is the advantage of the attenuated viruses in a vaccine?

Last Answer : Attenuated viruses can be taken orally because they will survive passage into the gastrointestinal tract and will be absorbed into the blood stream. The method of administration is therefore easier than by ... this reason they may be advantageous when an epidemic is taking place or is anticipated. 

Attenuated viruses are those that _____. a. can be used to treat viral disease. b. give rise to viroids and prions. c. multiply in cells but at a low rate. d. have been treated with chemicals such as formaldehyde.

Description : Attenuated viruses are those that _____. a. can be used to treat viral disease. b. give rise to viroids and prions. c. multiply in cells but at a low rate. d. have been treated with chemicals such as formaldehyde.

Last Answer : c. multiply in cells but at a low rate.

Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity. (a) When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host’s body. It is called “Active immunity”. (b) When ready-made antibodies are directly given, it is called “Passive immunity”(c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response. (d) Fetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity.

Description : Identify the wrong statement with reference to immunity. (a) When exposed to antigen (living or dead) antibodies are produced in the host's body. It is called Active immunity . (b) When ... full response. (d) Fetus receives some antibodies from mother, it is an example for passive immunity

Last Answer : c) Active immunity is quick and gives full response.

Biogradable wastes can usually be converted into useful substances with the help of: (1) nuclear proteins (2) radio-active substances (3) viruses (4) bacteria

Description : Biogradable wastes can usually be converted into useful substances with the help of: (1) nuclear proteins (2) radio-active substances (3) viruses (4) bacteria

Last Answer : (4) bacteria Explanation: Bacteria can convert biodegradable wastes into useful substances.

If a necrotizing soft tissue infection is considered, therapy mandates: a. Empiric administration of antibiotics active against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria b. Due to usually resistant species, penicillin is not indicated c. Immediate operative intervention and aggressive resection of all involved tissues is mandatory d. The use of hyperbaric oxygen has been demonstrated to be clearly advantageous

Description : If a necrotizing soft tissue infection is considered, therapy mandates: a. Empiric administration of antibiotics active against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria b. Due to usually ... is mandatory d. The use of hyperbaric oxygen has been demonstrated to be clearly advantageous

Last Answer : Answer: a, c Identification of a necrotizing, soft tissue infection mandates immediate operative intervention with aggressive resection of all involved tissues and empiric ... remains without controlled trials demonstrating any additional benefits derived from hyperbaric oxygen therapy

Motoxins are produced by - (1) Bacteria (2) Algae (3) Viruses (4) Fungi

Description : Motoxins are produced by - (1) Bacteria (2) Algae (3) Viruses (4) Fungi

Last Answer : (4) Fungi Explanation: Aflatoxin are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus, species of fungi. They have been associated with various diseases, such as aflatoxicosis, in livestock, domestic animals and humans throughout the world.

Carbohydrates, the most abundant biomolecule on earth, are produced by (a) some bacteria, algae and green plant cells (b) fungi, algae and green plant cells (c) all bacteria, fungi and algae (d) viruses, fungi and bacteria.

Description : Carbohydrates, the most abundant biomolecule on earth, are produced by (a) some bacteria, algae and green plant cells (b) fungi, algae and green plant cells (c) all bacteria, fungi and algae (d) viruses, fungi and bacteria.

Last Answer : (a) some bacteria, algae and green plant cells

Afla toxins are produced by (1) Bacteria (2) Algae (3) Viruses (4) Fungi

Description : Afla toxins are produced by (1) Bacteria (2) Algae (3) Viruses (4) Fungi

Last Answer : Fungi

The body responds to exotoxins by producing antibodies called _____. a. Adhesins b. Antitoxins c. Toxoids d. A-C Are Correct

Description : The body responds to exotoxins by producing antibodies called _____. a. Adhesins b. Antitoxins c. Toxoids d. A-C Are Correct

Last Answer : b. Antitoxins

What are toxoids ? Discuss general methods for preparation of toxoids.

Description : What are toxoids ? Discuss general methods for preparation of toxoids.

Last Answer : Toxoids: The pathogenic bacteria during their growth in a suitable medium produce toxic substances known as toxins . These toxins are disease producing and antigenic in nature. These toxins may be ... are Diphtheria vaccines, Tetanus toxoid (adsorbed) I.P., Staphylococcus toxoid I.P. etc 

Common cold differs from pneumonia in that (a) pneumonia is a communicable disease whereas the common cold is a nutritional deficienc(b) pneumonia can be prevented by a live attenuated bacterial vaccine whereas the common cold has no effective vaccine (c) pneumonia is caused by a virus while the common cold is caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae (d) pneumonia pathogen infects alveoli whereas the common cold affects nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs.y disease

Description : Common cold differs from pneumonia in that (a) pneumonia is a communicable disease whereas the common cold is a nutritional deficiency disease (b) pneumonia can be prevented by a live attenuated ... infects alveoli whereas the common cold affects nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs.

Last Answer : (d) pneumonia pathogen infects alveoli whereas the common cold affects nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs.

The process of conjugation in bacteria requires that _____. a. Two Types Of Viruses Be Present. b. The Conjugating Bacteria Be Deprived Of Nutrients. c. Two Bacteria Exchange Dna. d. Two Live Bacteria Come Together.

Description : The process of conjugation in bacteria requires that _____. a. Two Types Of Viruses Be Present. b. The Conjugating Bacteria Be Deprived Of Nutrients. c. Two Bacteria Exchange Dna. d. Two Live Bacteria Come Together.

Last Answer : d. Two Live Bacteria Come Together.

Which classification would include prokaryote cells that live in extreme conditions like hot springs and the Dead sea? a. Bacteria b. Fungi c. Viruses d. Archaea

Description : Which classification would include prokaryote cells that live in extreme conditions like hot springs and the Dead sea? a. Bacteria b. Fungi c. Viruses d. Archaea

Last Answer : d. Archaea

A normal cell can be transformed into a cancer cell by all of the following except (A) Ionising radiation (B) Mutagenic chemicals (C) Oncogenic bacteria (D) Some viruses

Description : A normal cell can be transformed into a cancer cell by all of the following except (A) Ionising radiation (B) Mutagenic chemicals (C) Oncogenic bacteria (D) Some viruses

Last Answer : Answer : C

Restriction endonucleases are present in (A) Viruses (B) Bacteria (C) Eukaryotes (D) All of these

Description : Restriction endonucleases are present in (A) Viruses (B) Bacteria (C) Eukaryotes (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : B

Non-coding sequence are present in the genes of (A) Bacteria (B) Viruses (C) Eukaryotes (D) All of these

Description : Non-coding sequence are present in the genes of (A) Bacteria (B) Viruses (C) Eukaryotes (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : C

Introns are present in DNA of (A) Viruses (B) Bacteria (C) Man (D) All of these

Description : Introns are present in DNA of (A) Viruses (B) Bacteria (C) Man (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : C

Mitochondrial DNA is present in (A) Bacteria (B) Viruses (C) Eukaryotes (D) All of these

Description : Mitochondrial DNA is present in (A) Bacteria (B) Viruses (C) Eukaryotes (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : C

Differentiate the following and give examples of each (a) Innate and acquired immunity (b) Active and passive immunity -Science

Description : Differentiate the following and give examples of each (a) Innate and acquired immunity (b) Active and passive immunity -Science

Last Answer : (a) Innate & acquired immunity Innate immunity, also called inherent, natural, non specific immunity, comprises all those defence elements with which an individual is bom & which are ... Whereas passive immunity is conferred by transfer of immune products like antibodies etc. from other individual

What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity? -Biology

Description : What is the difference between active immunity and passive immunity? -Biology

Last Answer : answer:

How do vaccines produce active immunity without making a person sick?

Description : How do vaccines produce active immunity without making a person sick?

Last Answer : What is the answer ?

What is passive immunity and active immunity?

Description : What is passive immunity and active immunity?

Last Answer : active immunity is the immunity that is stimulated internally as a a result of antibodies entering the body. Passive is stimulated by substances from an external source

How is active immunity acquired ?

Description : How is active immunity acquired ?

Last Answer : Active immunity is acquired through vaccines, attenuated organisms, toxoid, natural infection, cloned microbial antigens, etc.

Does vaccination against a disease confer active or passive immunity?

Description : Does vaccination against a disease confer active or passive immunity?

Last Answer : Active immunity is conferred when the body manufactures antibodies in response to direct contact with an antigen. When an individual is again exposed to the antigen, the body remembers it and ... passive immunity helps the newborn to fight disease before its own immune system has developed.  

The term ‘active immunity’ means (a) increasing rate of heart beat (b) increasing quantity of blood (c) resistance developed after disease (d) resistance developed before disease.

Description : The term ‘active immunity’ means (a) increasing rate of heart beat (b) increasing quantity of blood (c) resistance developed after disease (d) resistance developed before disease.

Last Answer : (c) resistance developed after disease

Short-lived immunity acquired from mother to fetus across placenta or through mother’s milk to the infant is categorised as (a) active immunity (b) passive immunity (c) cellular immunity (d) innate non-specific immunity.

Description : Short-lived immunity acquired from mother to fetus across placenta or through mother’s milk to the infant is categorised as (a) active immunity (b) passive immunity (c) cellular immunity (d) innate non-specific immunity.

Last Answer : (b) passive immunity

In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self- cells, then it leads to (a) autoimmune disease (b) active immunity (c) allergic response (d) graft rejection.

Description : In higher vertebrates, the immune system can distinguish self-cells and non-self. If this property is lost due to genetic abnormality and it attacks self- cells, then it leads to (a) autoimmune disease (b) active immunity (c) allergic response (d) graft rejection.

Last Answer : (a) autoimmune disease

_____ implies that if enough people in a population are immunized against certain diseases, then it is very difficult for those diseases to spread. a. Herd immunity b. Passive immunity c. Active immunity d. Natural immunity

Description : _____ implies that if enough people in a population are immunized against certain diseases, then it is very difficult for those diseases to spread. a. Herd immunity b. Passive immunity c. Active immunity d. Natural immunity

Last Answer : a. Herd immunity

_____ acquired _____ immunity usually follows an obvious illness or it may follow a subclinical illness. a. Naturally; passive b. Artificially; active c. Naturally; active d. Artificially; passive

Description : _____ acquired _____ immunity usually follows an obvious illness or it may follow a subclinical illness. a. Naturally; passive b. Artificially; active c. Naturally; active d. Artificially; passive

Last Answer : c. Naturally; active

Immune complex formation and serum sickness are dangers of a. Artificially acquired passive immunity. b. Naturally acquired active immunity. c. Artificially acquired active immunity. d. Naturally acquired passive immunity.

Description : Immune complex formation and serum sickness are dangers of a. Artificially acquired passive immunity. b. Naturally acquired active immunity. c. Artificially acquired active immunity. d. Naturally acquired passive immunity.

Last Answer : a. Artificially acquired passive immunity.

Exposure to the flu virus, contracting the flu, and recovering from the disease would be an example of a. Artificially acquired passive immunity. b. Naturally acquired active immunity. c. Artificially acquired active immunity. d. Naturally acquired passive immunity.

Description : Exposure to the flu virus, contracting the flu, and recovering from the disease would be an example of a. Artificially acquired passive immunity. b. Naturally acquired active immunity. c. Artificially acquired active immunity. d. Naturally acquired passive immunity.

Last Answer : b. Naturally acquired active immunity.

Cyclosporine has the following attributes except: A. It selectively suppresses humoral immunity without affecting cell mediated immunity B. It is more active as immunosuppressant when administered before antigen exposure than after it C. It is not toxic to the bone marrow D. Its major toxicity is kidney damage

Description : Cyclosporine has the following attributes except: A. It selectively suppresses humoral immunity without affecting cell mediated immunity B. It is more active as immunosuppressant when administered before antigen exposure ... It is not toxic to the bone marrow D. Its major toxicity is kidney damage

Last Answer : A. It selectively suppresses humoral immunity without affecting cell mediated immunity

Differentiate between Active and Passive Immunity along with examples.

Description : Differentiate between Active and Passive Immunity along with examples. 

Last Answer : Active Immunity Passive Immunity  1) Antigens are injected in the human body as result antibodies are formed. 2) it develops slowly 3) it remains for longer time 4) the treatment is ... therapeutic 5) immunological memory is absent 6) Useful for immune-deficient host 7) Ex: Sera

Differentiate between Active and passive immunity.

Description : Differentiate between Active and passive immunity.

Last Answer : Sr. no Active immunity Passive immunity 1 Antigens are injected in human body as a result, antibodies are formed Readymade antibodies are injected in human body 2 Onset of ... It is termed as serum sickness 6 Preparations : Vaccines , Toxoid Preparation: sera

Antivenom injection contains preformed antibodies while polio drops that are administered into the body contain (a) gamma globulin (b) attenuated pathogens (c) activated pathogens (d) harvested antibodies

Description : Antivenom injection contains preformed antibodies while polio drops that are administered into the body contain (a) gamma globulin (b) attenuated pathogens (c) activated pathogens (d) harvested antibodies

Last Answer : (b) attenuated pathogens

The newest and safest vaccines under development are _____. a. attenuated vaccines b. toxoid vaccines c. DNA vaccines d. conjugated vaccines

Description : The newest and safest vaccines under development are _____. a. attenuated vaccines b. toxoid vaccines c. DNA vaccines d. conjugated vaccines

Last Answer : c. DNA vaccines

Why are inactivated vaccines safer than attenuated vaccines? a. they can't mutate and cause the disease b. they last a lifetime c. they are easier to administer d. they aren't any better

Description : Why are inactivated vaccines safer than attenuated vaccines? a. they can't mutate and cause the disease b. they last a lifetime c. they are easier to administer d. they aren't any better

Last Answer : a. they can't mutate and cause the disease

The danger of attenuated vaccines is they should not be given to _____. a. infants b. young children c. immunocompromised patients d. all of the above (A-C)

Description : The danger of attenuated vaccines is they should not be given to _____. a. infants b. young children c. immunocompromised patients d. all of the above (A-C)

Last Answer : c. immunocompromised patients

EMD is best described by which statement? ∙ A. 70 percent of the core diameter and 70% of the fiber NA should be filled with light. ∙ B. 70 percent of the fiber diameter and 70% of the cone of acceptance should be filled with light. ∙ C. 70 percent of input light should be measured at the output. ∙ D. 70 percent of the unwanted wavelengths should be attenuated by the fiber.

Description : EMD is best described by which statement? ∙ A. 70 percent of the core diameter and 70% of the fiber NA should be filled with light. ∙ B. 70 percent of the fiber diameter and 70% of the ... be measured at the output. ∙ D. 70 percent of the unwanted wavelengths should be attenuated by the fiber.

Last Answer : 70 percent of the core diameter and 70% of the fiber NA should be filled with light.

EMDis best describe bywhich statement? a. 70percentofthe corediameter and70%ofthefiberNAshouldbe filled with light b.70 percent of the fiber diameter and 70% of the cone of acceptance should be filled with light c.70 percent of input light should be measured at the output d.70 percent of the unwanted wavelengths should be attenuated by the fiber

Description : EMDis best describe bywhich statement? a. 70percentofthe corediameter and70%ofthefiberNAshouldbe filled with light b.70 percent of the fiber diameter and 70% of the cone of acceptance should be filled with ... the output d.70 percent of the unwanted wavelengths should be attenuated by the fiber

Last Answer : a. 70percentofthe corediameter and70%ofthefiberNAshouldbe filled with light

The progastrokinetic action of the following drug(s) is attenuated by atropine: A. Domperidone B. Metoclopramide C. Cisapride D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’

Description : The progastrokinetic action of the following drug(s) is attenuated by atropine: A. Domperidone B. Metoclopramide C. Cisapride D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’

Last Answer : D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C

The hypoglycaemic action of sulfonylureas is likely to be attenuated by the concurrent use of: A. Hydrochlorothiazide B. Propranolol C. Theophylline D. Aspirin

Description : The hypoglycaemic action of sulfonylureas is likely to be attenuated by the concurrent use of: A. Hydrochlorothiazide B. Propranolol C. Theophylline D. Aspirin

Last Answer : A. Hydrochlorothiazide

In congestive heart failure patients: A. Volume of distribution of all drugs is increased B. Hepatic clearance of drugs is unaffected C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally D. Inotropic action of digoxin is attenuated

Description : In congestive heart failure patients: A. Volume of distribution of all drugs is increased B. Hepatic clearance of drugs is unaffected C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally D. Inotropic action of digoxin is attenuated

Last Answer : C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally

In congestive heart failure patients: A. Volume of distribution of all drugs is increased B. Hepatic clearance of drugs is unaffected C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally D. Inotropic action of digoxin is attenuated

Description : In congestive heart failure patients: A. Volume of distribution of all drugs is increased B. Hepatic clearance of drugs is unaffected C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally D. Inotropic action of digoxin is attenuated

Last Answer : C. Orally administered diuretics may not be effective, but the same may work parenterally

During the final stage of cell division, the mitotic apparatus disappears, the chromosomes become attenuated, the centrioles duplicate and split, the nuclear membrane becomes reconstituted and the nucleolus reappears. This phase of cell division is known as:

Description : During the final stage of cell division, the mitotic apparatus disappears, the chromosomes become attenuated, the centrioles duplicate and split, the nuclear membrane becomes reconstituted and the nucleolus reappears. This ... as: a) prophase (pron: prO-phase) b) metaphase c) anaphase d) telophase

Last Answer : ANSWER: D -- Telophase

Assertion : Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced outside the host are introduced into a host. Reason

Description : Assertion : Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced outside the host are introduced into a host. Reason

Last Answer : Assertion : Artificially acquired passive immunity results when antibodies or lymphocytes produced outside ... both the assertion and reason are false