Bipolar illness affects nearly 5.7 million people in the United States. The disorder is the sixth leading cause of disabilities across the globe and can significantly effect the lives of those diagnosed. The following information can dispel stereotypes about this mental illness.What is Bipolar Disorder?Bipolar disorder is a mental illness characterized by severe mood swings. The bipolar spectrum consists of several types of the disorder that are differentiated by the severity of symptoms.What are the Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder?Bipolar I disorder is marked by mood swings that cause a significant disturbance in daily life and relationships. Patients diagnosed with bipolar II disorder experience mood swings but are still able to function normally and have relatively health relationships. A type of bipolar illness called cyclothymic disorder is characterized by more mild mood swings.During the manic phase of bipolar disorder, patients often report feeling a sense of euphoria, have an increased sex drive and are easily distracted. They may also engage in risky behavior, including going on shopping sprees or drug or alcohol binges. Agitation, aggression, racing thoughts and rapid speech are also common during the manic phase.The depressive phase is marked by feelings of anxiety, hopelessness, guilt and irritability. Patients in this phase may have suicidal thoughts or engage in self-harming behavior. Others may find it difficult to concentrate, experience a reduced appetite, have trouble sleeping or suffer from chronic pain with no apparent cause.What are the Causes of Bipolar Disorder?Doctors are still not sure what causes the disorder but have identified some factors that may trigger the mood swings. During mood swings, the brain goes through a physical change that may be caused by an imbalance in neurotransmitters. Hormonal imbalances and genetics may also play a role. People who are closely related to someone that has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder are more likely to develop the disorder themselves.