DefinitionFacial trauma is any injury of the face and upper jaw bone (maxilla).Alternative NamesMaxillofacial injury; Midface trauma; Facial injury; LeFort injuriesCauses, incidence, and risk factorsBlunt or penetrating trauma can cause injury to the area of the face that includes the upper jaw (maxilla). Common causes of injury to the face include:Automobile accidentsPenetrating injuriesViolenceSymptomsChanges in sensation and feeling over the faceDeformed or uneven face or facial bonesDifficulty breathing through the nose due to swelling and bleedingDouble visionMissing teethSwelling around the eyes that may cause vision problemsSigns and testsThe doctor will perform a physical exam, which may show:Bleeding from the nose, eyes, or mouth, or nasal blockageBreaks in the skin (lacerations)B