Description : Montelukast blocks the action of the following autacoid: A. Prostacyclin B. Platelet activating factor C. Leukotriene B4 D. Leukotriene C4/D4
Last Answer : D. Leukotriene C4/D4
Description : Selective COX-2 inhibitors differ from nonselective COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors in that they: A. Are antiinflammatory but not analgesic B. Donot bring down fever C. Have no renal effects D. Do not inhibit platelet aggregation
Last Answer : D. Do not inhibit platelet aggregation
Description : The following prostanoid is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation: A. Prostacyclin B. Prostaglandin E2 C. Prostaglandin D2 D. Thromboxane A2
Last Answer : D. Thromboxane A2
Description : Prostaglandins decrease all of the following except (A) Gastric acid secretion (B) Blood pressure (C) Uterine contraction (D) Platelet aggregation
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : Actions of prostaglandin E2 include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Bronchoconstriction C. Uterine contraction D. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion
Last Answer : B. Bronchoconstriction
Description : The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla
Last Answer : B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation
Description : Ergometrine stops postpartum haemorrhage by: A. Causing vasoconstriction of uterine arteries B. Increasing tone of uterine muscle C. Promoting coagulation D. Inducing platelet aggregation
Last Answer : B. Increasing tone of uterine muscle
Description : Prolonged airway hyperreactivity is characteristically caused by: A. Histamine B. Prostaglandin E2 C. Platelet activating factor D. Bradykinin
Last Answer : C. Platelet activating factor
Description : Dysmenorrhoea is often associated with excess production of the following autacoid by the endometrium: A. Bradykinin B. Prostaglandin C. Platelet activating factor D. 5-Hydroxytryptamine
Last Answer : B. Prostaglandin
Description : One of the important functions of prostacyclins is (A) Inhibition of platelet aggregation (B) Contraction of uterus (C) Decrease of gastric secretion (D) Relieving osthma
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : True statements regarding eicosanoids include which of the following? A. Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are synthesized via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. B. The vasoconstricting, platelet-aggregating, ... prostaglandins have a short circulation half-life and exert most of their effects locally.
Last Answer : Answer: ABD DISCUSSION: The eicosanoids are a group of compounds arising from the metabolism of arachidonic acid. The prostaglandins and thromboxanes are synthesized via the cyclo-oxygenase ... effects and may be involved in the physiologic responses associated with anaphylactic and septic shock
Description : Eicosanoids mediate inflammation in a variety of ways. Of the following statements, which are true with regard to this? a. Eicosanoids are stored in cytoplasmic granules ... include vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability and both chemotaxis and chemoattractant inhibition
Last Answer : Answer: b, d The eicosanoids are derived from arachidonic acid (eicosatetraenoic acid) and consist of prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and lipoxins. The eicosanoids are not ... nervous system d. Mononuclear phagocytes release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors
Description : Large parasites such as helminthes may be killed extracellularly by the action of A- basophils B- monocytes C- eosinophils D- neutrophils
Last Answer : eosinophils
Description : Mini-dose heparin has been shown to be useful in the prophylaxis of postoperative venous thrombosis. Mechanism(s) by which low-dose heparin is/are thought to protect against venous ... aggregation and subsequent platelet release action d. A mild prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c Low-dose heparin is thought to protect against venous thrombosis through three different mechanisms. First, antithrombin III activity with its inhibition of activated Factor X is ... release reaction. The standard doses of heparin administered (5000 units bid) does not affect aPTT
Description : The action of 5-Hydroxy tryptamine mediated by the 5-HT3 receptor is (a) Vasoconstriction (b) Bradycardia (c) EDRF release (d) Platelet aggregation
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : The following action of 5-Hydroxy tryptamine is mediated by the 5-HT3 receptor: A. Vasoconstriction B. Bradycardia C. EDRF release D. Platelet aggregation
Last Answer : B. Bradycardia
Description : Probenecid has the following action(s): A. Uricosuric B. Analgesic C. Antiinflammatory D. Both ‘A’ and ‘C’
Last Answer : A. Uricosuric
Description : Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are more commonly used than colchicine in acute gout because: A. They are more effective B. They act more rapidly C. They have additional uricosuric action D. They are better tolerated
Last Answer : D. They are better tolerated
Description : Phenylbutazone should be used only in patients not responding to other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) because: A. It has lower antiinflammatory efficacy than other NSAIDs B. It has potential ... It has weak analgesic action D. It alters the protein binding and metabolism of many drugs
Last Answer : B. It has potential to cause agranulocytosis
Description : Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis does not underlie the following action of aspirin: A. Analgesia B. Closure of patent ductus arteriosus C. Hyperventilation D. Bleeding tendency
Last Answer : C. Hyperventilation
Description : The ‘amine’ ergot alkaloid differs from ‘amino acid’ ergot alkaloid in that it has: A. High oral bioavailability B. Better CNS penetrability C. Weaker oxytocic action D. Strong anti-5-HT action
Last Answer : A. High oral bioavailability
Description : The smooth muscle stimulating action of 5-HT is most marked in the: A. Bronchi B. Intestines C. Ureter D. Biliary tract
Last Answer : B. Intestines
Description : Erythromycin should not be given to a patient being treated with terfenadine because: A. Erythromycin induces the metabolism of terfenadine B. Dangerous ventricular arrhythmias ... Terfenadine inhibitis metabolism of erythromycin D. Terfenadine antagonizes the antimicrobial action of erythromycin
Last Answer : B. Dangerous ventricular arrhythmias can occur
Description : The following kinin action is mediated primarily by the kinin B1 receptor: A. Intestinal contraction B. Bronchoconstriction C. EDRF release and vasodilatation D. Production of Interleukin, TNFα and other inflammatory mediators
Last Answer : . Production of Interleukin, TNFα and other inflammatory mediators
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning pharmacologic agents used to accelerate wound healing? a. A number of these agents are now currently approved for use in ... healing in chronic wounds d. Growth hormone functions by promoting fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis
Last Answer : Answer: b, c Currently there are no approved clinical agents that accelerate normal healing. Although a number of clinical trials are in progress, no agents are currently ... hormone administration significantly accelerates donor site healing, presumably due to its effects in minimizing catabolism
Description : Choose the ergot alkaloid that is well absorbed orally, has weak vascular but prominent uterine stimulant action: A. Ergometrine B. Ergotamine C. Dihydroergotamine D. Dihydroergotoxine
Last Answer : A. Ergometrine
Description : The following class(es) of drugs are clinically beneficial in bronchial asthma: A. Histamine H1 receptor antagonists B. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists C. Leukotriene ( cys LT1) receptor antagonists D. All of the above
Last Answer : C. Leukotriene ( cys LT1) receptor antagonists
Description : The following are true about chemicals involved in allergic reaction: a. thromboxane -leukocyte activation b. prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation c. platelet-activating factor - leukocyte activation d. heparin - augments inactivation of prostaglandins
Last Answer : prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation
Description : The actions of platelet activating factor include the following except: A. Increased capillary permeability B. Bronchodilatation C. Vasodilatation D. Erosion of gastric mucosa
Last Answer : B. Bronchodilatation
Description : Which of the following WBCs are phagocytic cells. (a) Monocytes (b) Neutrophils (c ) Basophils (d) Eosinophils
Last Answer : Which of the following WBCs are phagocytic cells. (a) Monocytes (b) Neutrophils (c ) Basophils (d) Eosinophils A. Only ... a) and (c ) D. (c ) and (d)
Description : The odd one among the following is (a) Monocytes (b) Lymphocyte (c) Neutrophils (d) Erythrocytes
Last Answer : Ans:(d)
Description : AIDS virus destroys – (1) Lymphocytes (2) Monocytes (3) Neutrophils (4) Basophils
Last Answer : (1) Lymphocytes Explanation: AIDS virus destroys the T-cells inside of the immune system. T cells or T lymphocytes belong to a group of white blood cells known as lymphocytes, and play a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
Description : What are the blood corpuscles that help to build up resistance against diseases? (1) Leucocytes (2) Monocytes (3) Neutrophils (4) Lymphoctyes
Last Answer : (1) Leucocytes Explanation: White blood cells, or leukocytes, are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Five different ... human body. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system.
Description : Which one engulfs pathogens rapidly? (a) Acidophils (b) Monocytes (c) Basophils (d) Neutrophils
Last Answer : (d) Neutrophils
Description : Which type of white blood cells are concerned with the release of histamine and the natural anticoagulant heparin? (a) Eosinophils (b) Monocytes (c) Neutrophils (d) Basophils
Last Answer : d) Basophils
Description : The most active phagocytic white blood cells are (a) eosinophils and lymphocytes (b) neutrophils and monocytes (c) neutrophils and eosinophils (d) lymphocytes and macrophages.
Last Answer : (b) neutrophils and monocytes
Description : Which of the following is NOT a granulocyte? a. Neutrophils b. Monocytes c. Eosinophils d. Basophils
Last Answer : b. Monocytes
Description : Which pair of cells represents granulocytes? a. Basophils and lymphocytes b. Neutrophils and eosinophils c. Eosinophils and monocytes d. Lymphocytes and monocytes
Last Answer : b. Neutrophils and eosinophils
Description : AIDS virus destroys (1) Lymphocytes (2) Monocytes (3) Neutrophils (4) Basophils
Last Answer : Lymphocytes
Description : What are the blood corpuscles that help to build up resistance against diseases ? (1) Leucocytes (2) Monocytes (3) Neutrophils (4) Lymphoctyes
Last Answer : Leucocytes
Description : Which is an example of negative feedback? A) Nursing action stimulates the hypothalamus to release oxytocin that triggers mammary gland milk production. B) When the blood becomes dilute, ADH ... produce sperm or eggs. E) TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Last Answer : B) When the blood becomes dilute, ADH is no longer released from the hypothalamus
Description : Which of the following terms refers to a form of white blood cell involved in immune response? a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens. b) Granulocyte Granulocytes ... blood cell without central pallor, seen with hemolysis. d) Thrombocyte A thombocyte is a platelet.
Last Answer : a) Lymphocyte Both B and T lymphocytes respond to exposure to antigens.
Description : Thromboxanes cause (A) Vasodilation (B) Bronchoconstriction (C) Platelet aggregation (D) All of these
Description : Laboratory monitoring of coagulation and anticoagulation includes testing of platelet function. Which of the following statements is/are true concerning tests of platelet function? a. A ... platelet aggregation should be part of the standard preoperative evaluation of patients using aspirin
Last Answer : Answer: a, c Tests of platelet function include peripheral platelet counts, bleeding times, and platelet aggregation. Usually, a platelet count of 50,000/mL or more ensures adequate hemostasis ... is not available in most laboratories, probably because of the observer-dependent nature of the test
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning hemophilia A? a. Hemophilia A is inherited as a sex-linked recessive deficiency of factor VIII b. A positive family history for ... platelet aggregation d. Spontaneous bleeding is unusual with factor VIII levels greater than 10% of normal
Last Answer : Answer: a, d Hemophilia A is inherited as a sex-linked recessive deficiency of factor VIII although 0% of cases are secondary to spontaneous mutation. The incidence of this abnormality is ... factor levels as low as 1% have been noted and patients are at risk for spontaneous bleeding
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning heparin-associated thrombocytopenia? a. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia occurs only in the face of over anticoagulation with heparin b. ... d. Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia may be seen within hours of initiation of heparin therapy
Last Answer : Answer: b, c Heparin-associated thrombocytopenia occurs in 0.6% to 30% of patients who receive heparin, although severe thrombocytopenia (platelet counts less than 100,000) is seen in ... as coating on pulmonary artery catheters or low rate infusion into arterial catheters may cause this syndrome
Description : The evaluation of a patient scheduled for elective surgery should always include the following as tests of hemostasis and coagulation: A. History and physical examination. B. Complete blood count ( ... (APTT). D. Studies of platelet aggregation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and epinephrine.
Last Answer : Answer: A DISCUSSION: The evaluation of most patients scheduled for elective surgery who do not have a history of significant bleeding disorders is somewhat controversial. An adequate history and ... suspected of having qualitative defects of platelet function (e.g., von Willebrand's disease)
Description : Which of the following statements regarding cytokines is incorrect? A. Cytokines act directly on target cells and may potentiate the actions of one another. B. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) ... organ dysfunction syndrome because of its multiple actions and the secondary cascades that it stimulates.
Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: Cytokines are soluble peptide molecules that are synthesized and secreted by a number of cell types in response to injury, inflammation, and infection. Cytokines, which ... is thought to play a central role in the stress response, particularly in response to endotoxemia
Description : The following prostanoid is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation (a) Prostacyclin (b) Prostaglandin E2 (c) Prostaglandin D2 (d) Thromboxane A2
Last Answer : Ans: D