The following class(es) of drugs are clinically beneficial in bronchial asthma: A. Histamine H1 receptor antagonists B. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists C. Leukotriene ( cys LT1) receptor antagonists D. All of the above

The following class(es) of drugs are clinically beneficial in bronchial asthma: A. Histamine H1 receptor antagonists B. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists C. Leukotriene ( cys LT1) receptor antagonists D. All of the above
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C. Leukotriene ( cys LT1) receptor antagonists
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Leukotriene antagonists are used in bronchial asthma: A. For terminating acute attacks B. As monotherapy in place of β2 agonists C. As adjuvants to β2 agonists for avoiding corticosteroids D. As nebulized powder in refractory cases

Description : Leukotriene antagonists are used in bronchial asthma: A. For terminating acute attacks B. As monotherapy in place of β2 agonists C. As adjuvants to β2 agonists for avoiding corticosteroids D. As nebulized powder in refractory cases

Last Answer : C. As adjuvants to β2 agonists for avoiding corticosteroids

Extract of the following plant has platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activity and is claimed to benefit cognitive disorders due to cerebral ischaemia: A. Ginkgo biloba B. Claviceps purpurea C. Amanita muscaria D. Artemisia annua (p. 440) 33.12 3 3 . 1 2 A Aim4aii

Description : Extract of the following plant has platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonistic activity and is claimed to benefit cognitive disorders due to cerebral ischaemia: A. Ginkgo biloba B. Claviceps purpurea C. Amanita muscaria D. Artemisia annua (p. 440) 33.12 3 3 . 1 2 A Aim4aii

Last Answer : A. Ginkgo biloba

Which of the following statements regarding cytokines is incorrect? A. Cytokines act directly on target cells and may potentiate the actions of one another. B. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a major proinflammatory mediator with multiple effects, including regulation of skeletal muscle proteolysis in patients with sepsis or significant injury. C. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a major cytokine that results in platelet aggregation, bronchoconstriction, and increased vascular permeability. D. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), despite its short plasma half-life, appears to be a principal mediator in the evolution of sepsis and the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome because of its multiple actions and the secondary cascades that it stimulates.

Description : Which of the following statements regarding cytokines is incorrect? A. Cytokines act directly on target cells and may potentiate the actions of one another. B. Interleukin 1 (IL-1) ... organ dysfunction syndrome because of its multiple actions and the secondary cascades that it stimulates.

Last Answer : Answer: C DISCUSSION: Cytokines are soluble peptide molecules that are synthesized and secreted by a number of cell types in response to injury, inflammation, and infection. Cytokines, which ... is thought to play a central role in the stress response, particularly in response to endotoxemia

All of the following are true regarding platelet-activating factor (PAF) EXCEPT: C A. Induces platelet aggregation B. Stimulates platelet secretion C. It is a preformed molecule present in various cells D. None of these

Description : All of the following are true regarding platelet-activating factor (PAF) EXCEPT: C A. Induces platelet aggregation B. Stimulates platelet secretion C. It is a preformed molecule present in various cells D. None of these

Last Answer : It is a preformed molecule present in various cells

Fall in blood pressure caused by larger doses of histamine is blocked by: A. H1 antihistaminics alone B. H2 antagonists alone C. Combination of H1 and H2 antagonists D. None of the above

Description : Fall in blood pressure caused by larger doses of histamine is blocked by: A. H1 antihistaminics alone B. H2 antagonists alone C. Combination of H1 and H2 antagonists D. None of the above

Last Answer : C. Combination of H1 and H2 antagonists

Fall in blood pressure caused by larger doses of histamine is blocked by: A. H1 antihistaminics alone B. H2 antagonists alone C. Combination of H1 and H2 antagonists D. None of the above

Description : Fall in blood pressure caused by larger doses of histamine is blocked by: A. H1 antihistaminics alone B. H2 antagonists alone C. Combination of H1 and H2 antagonists D. None of the above

Last Answer : C. Combination of H1 and H2 antagonists

Montelukast blocks the action of the following autacoid: A. Prostacyclin B. Platelet activating factor C. Leukotriene B4 D. Leukotriene C4/D4

Description : Montelukast blocks the action of the following autacoid: A. Prostacyclin B. Platelet activating factor C. Leukotriene B4 D. Leukotriene C4/D4

Last Answer : D. Leukotriene C4/D4

In the intact animal H2 receptor antagonists potentiate the following action of histamine: A. Cardiac stimulation B. Fall in blood pressure C. Uterine relaxation D. Bronchospasm

Description : In the intact animal H2 receptor antagonists potentiate the following action of histamine: A. Cardiac stimulation B. Fall in blood pressure C. Uterine relaxation D. Bronchospasm

Last Answer : D. Bronchospasm

H1 antihistaminics are beneficial in (a) All types of allergic disorders (b) Certain type I allergic reactions only (c) Anaphylactic shock(d) Bronchial asthma

Description : H1 antihistaminics are beneficial in (a) All types of allergic disorders (b) Certain type I allergic reactions only (c) Anaphylactic shock(d) Bronchial asthma

Last Answer : Ans: B

H1 antihistaminics are beneficial in: A. All types of allergic disorders B. Certain type I allergic reactions only C. Certain type IV allergic reactions only D. Bronchial asthma

Description : H1 antihistaminics are beneficial in: A. All types of allergic disorders B. Certain type I allergic reactions only C. Certain type IV allergic reactions only D. Bronchial asthma

Last Answer : B. Certain type I allergic reactions only

The following receptor has an intrinsic ion channel: A. Histamine H1 receptor B. Histamine H2 receptor C. Adrenergic alfa receptor D. GABA-benzodiazepine receptor

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Last Answer : D. GABA-benzodiazepine receptor

The most important receptor involved in cytotoxic drug induced vomiting is: A. Histamine H1 receptor B. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor C. Dopamine D2 receptor D. Opioid μ receptor

Description : The most important receptor involved in cytotoxic drug induced vomiting is: A. Histamine H1 receptor B. Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor C. Dopamine D2 receptor D. Opioid μ receptor

Last Answer : B. Serotonin

Prolonged airway hyperreactivity is characteristically caused by: A. Histamine B. Prostaglandin E2 C. Platelet activating factor D. Bradykinin

Description :  Prolonged airway hyperreactivity is characteristically caused by: A. Histamine B. Prostaglandin E2 C. Platelet activating factor D. Bradykinin

Last Answer : C. Platelet activating factor

The actions of platelet activating factor include the following except: A. Increased capillary permeability B. Bronchodilatation C. Vasodilatation D. Erosion of gastric mucosa

Description : The actions of platelet activating factor include the following except: A. Increased capillary permeability B. Bronchodilatation C. Vasodilatation D. Erosion of gastric mucosa

Last Answer : B. Bronchodilatation

Low doses of aspirin prolong bleeding time by selectively inhibiting synthesis of the following mediator in the platelets: A. Thromboxane A2 B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine C. Platelet activating factor D. Prostacyclin

Description : Low doses of aspirin prolong bleeding time by selectively inhibiting synthesis of the following mediator in the platelets: A. Thromboxane A2 B. 5-Hydroxytryptamine C. Platelet activating factor D. Prostacyclin

Last Answer : A. Thromboxane

Fall in blood pressure caused by larger doses of histamine is blocked by (a) H1 antihistaminics alone (b) H2 ANTAgonists alone (c) Combination of H1 and H2 antagonists (d) None of the above

Description : Fall in blood pressure caused by larger doses of histamine is blocked by (a) H1 antihistaminics alone (b) H2 ANTAgonists alone (c) Combination of H1 and H2 antagonists (d) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: C

Clinically, the angiotensin antagonists share the following features of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors except: A. Antihypertensive efficacy B. Potential to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy C. Lack of effect on carbohydrate tolerance D. Potential to induce cough in susceptible individuals

Description : Clinically, the angiotensin antagonists share the following features of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors except: A. Antihypertensive efficacy B. Potential to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy ... of effect on carbohydrate tolerance D. Potential to induce cough in susceptible individuals

Last Answer : D. Potential to induce cough in susceptible individuals

Of the following categories of medications, which is used in combination with bismuth salts to eradicate Helicobacter pylori? a) Antibiotics Antibiotics and bismuth salts are given to eradicate H. pylori. b) Antacids Antacids are given to manage gastric acidity. c) Proton pump inhibitors Proton pump inhibitors are given to decrease acid secretion. d) Histamine-2 receptor antagonists Histamine-2 receptor antagonists are given to decrease the acid secretion in the stomach.

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Last Answer : a) Antibiotics Antibiotics and bismuth salts are given to eradicate H. pylori.

True statements regarding eicosanoids include which of the following? A. Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are synthesized via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. B. The vasoconstricting, platelet-aggregating, and bronchoconstricting effects of thromboxane A 2 are balanced by the actions of prostacyclin, which produces the opposite effects. C. Leukotriene synthesis is inhibited by the action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). D. The principal prostaglandins have a short circulation half-life and exert most of their effects locally.

Description : True statements regarding eicosanoids include which of the following? A. Prostaglandins and thromboxanes are synthesized via the cyclo-oxygenase pathway. B. The vasoconstricting, platelet-aggregating, ... prostaglandins have a short circulation half-life and exert most of their effects locally.

Last Answer : Answer: ABD DISCUSSION: The eicosanoids are a group of compounds arising from the metabolism of arachidonic acid. The prostaglandins and thromboxanes are synthesized via the cyclo-oxygenase ... effects and may be involved in the physiologic responses associated with anaphylactic and septic shock

The most important receptor involved in cytotoxic drug induced vomiting is (a) Histamine H1 receptor (b) Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor (c) Dopamine D2 receptor (d) Opioid µ receptor

Description : The most important receptor involved in cytotoxic drug induced vomiting is (a) Histamine H1 receptor (b) Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor (c) Dopamine D2 receptor (d) Opioid µ receptor

Last Answer : Ans: B

Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agoinist ? (a) 4-methyl histamine (b) Impromidine (c) 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine (d) Mepyramine

Description : Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agoinist ? (a) 4-methyl histamine (b) Impromidine (c) 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine (d) Mepyramine

Last Answer : Ans: C

Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agonist: A. 4-methyl histamine B. Impromidine C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine D. Chlorpheniramine

Description : Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agonist: A. 4-methyl histamine B. Impromidine C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine D. Chlorpheniramine

Last Answer : C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine

Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agonist: A. 4-methyl histamine B. Impromidine C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine D. Chlorpheniramine

Description : Which of the following is a selective H1 receptor agonist: A. 4-methyl histamine B. Impromidine C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine D. Chlorpheniramine

Last Answer : C. 2-Thiazolyl ethylamine

The following receptor has an intrinsic ion channel: A. Histamine H1 receptor B. Histamine H2 receptor C. Adrenergic alfa receptor D. GABA-benzodiazepine receptor

Description : The following receptor has an intrinsic ion channel: A. Histamine H1 receptor B. Histamine H2 receptor C. Adrenergic alfa receptor D. GABA-benzodiazepine receptor

Last Answer : D. GABA-benzodiazepine receptor

Cisapride enhances gastrointestinal motility by: A. Activating serotonin 5-HT4 receptor B. Activating muscarinic M3 receptor C. Blocking dopamine D2 receptor D. All of the above

Description : Cisapride enhances gastrointestinal motility by: A. Activating serotonin 5-HT4 receptor B. Activating muscarinic M3 receptor C. Blocking dopamine D2 receptor D. All of the above

Last Answer : A. Activating serotonin 5-HT4 receptor

A patient of bronchial asthma maintained on theophylline developed upper respiratory tract infection. Which antimicrobial if used can increase the risk of developing theophylline toxicity: A. Ampicillin B. Cephalexin C. Cotrimoxazole D. Erythromycin

Description : A patient of bronchial asthma maintained on theophylline developed upper respiratory tract infection. Which antimicrobial if used can increase the risk of developing theophylline toxicity: A. Ampicillin B. Cephalexin C. Cotrimoxazole D. Erythromycin

Last Answer : D. Erythromycin

Use of morphine in the following category of patients does not carry any special risk: A. Ischaemic heart disease patients B. Bronchial asthma patients C. Elderly male patients D. Biliary colic patients

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Last Answer : A. Ischaemic heart disease patients

A patient of chronic bronchial asthma maintained on oral prednisolone 20 mg daily and inhaled salbutamol as required develops chest infection. Which of the following measures is recommended: A. Stop prednisolone B. Reduce prednisolone dose to 5 mg/day C. No change/increase in prednisolone dose D. Substitute prednisolone with inhaled budesonid

Description : A patient of chronic bronchial asthma maintained on oral prednisolone 20 mg daily and inhaled salbutamol as required develops chest infection. Which of the following measures is recommended: A. ... mg/day C. No change/increase in prednisolone dose D. Substitute prednisolone with inhaled budesonid

Last Answer : C. No change/increase in prednisolone dose

6 A patient of chronic bronchial asthma was maintained on oral prednisolone 20 mg/day for 3 months. It was decided to switch him over to inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate 200 μg 4 times a day. What should be done to the oral prednisolone medication after starting inhaled beclomethasone: A. It should be stopped immediately B. Its dose should be tapered from the next day C. It should be given at the same dose for one week and then tapered D. Its dose should be doubled for one week and then tapered (p. 2

Description : 6 A patient of chronic bronchial asthma was maintained on oral prednisolone 20 mg/day for 3 months. It was decided to switch him over to inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate 200 μg 4 times a day. What should ... week and then tapered D. Its dose should be doubled for one week and then tapered (p. 2

Last Answer : C. It should be given at the same dose for one week and then tapered

Sodium cromoglycate has a role in the treatment of the following conditions except: A. Chronic bronchial asthma B. Chronic urticaria C. Chronic allergic rhinitis D. Chronic allergic conjunctivitis

Description : Sodium cromoglycate has a role in the treatment of the following conditions except: A. Chronic bronchial asthma B. Chronic urticaria C. Chronic allergic rhinitis D. Chronic allergic conjunctivitis

Last Answer : B. Chronic urticaria

The following is true of clopidogrel except: A. It is a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist B. It inhibits fibrinogen induced platelet aggregation C. It is indicated for prevention of stroke in patients with transient ischaemic attacks D. It is a prodrug

Description : The following is true of clopidogrel except: A. It is a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist B. It inhibits fibrinogen induced platelet aggregation C. It is indicated for prevention of stroke in patients with transient ischaemic attacks D. It is a prodrug

Last Answer : A. It is a GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist

The following action of 5-Hydroxy tryptamine is mediated by the 5-HT3 receptor: A. Vasoconstriction B. Bradycardia C. EDRF release D. Platelet aggregation

Description : The following action of 5-Hydroxy tryptamine is mediated by the 5-HT3 receptor: A. Vasoconstriction B. Bradycardia C. EDRF release D. Platelet aggregation

Last Answer : B. Bradycardia

The nonselective MAO inhibitors are not used clinically as antidepressants because of their: A. Low antidepressant efficacy B. Higher toxicity C. Potential to interact with many foods and drugs D. Both 'B' and 'C' are correct

Description : The nonselective MAO inhibitors are not used clinically as antidepressants because of their: A. Low antidepressant efficacy B. Higher toxicity C. Potential to interact with many foods and drugs D. Both 'B' and 'C' are correct

Last Answer : D. Both 'B' and 'C' are correct

Dipalmitoyl lecithin acts as (A) Platelet activating factor (B) Second messenger for hormones (C) Lung surfactant (D) Anti-ketogenic compound

Description : Dipalmitoyl lecithin acts as (A) Platelet activating factor (B) Second messenger for hormones (C) Lung surfactant (D) Anti-ketogenic compound

Last Answer : Answer : C

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct concerning the immunoinflammatory response to shock? a. The anaphylactoxins, C3a and C5a, are products of activation of only the classical pathway of the compliment cascade b. Eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins are stored in platelets and endothelial cells and released in response to inflammatory stimuli c. Thromboxane and PGI2 have similar effects d. Platelet-activating factor can be released by both circulating and fixed tissue cells

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct concerning the immunoinflammatory response to shock? a. The anaphylactoxins, C3a and C5a, are products of activation of only the classical pathway ... effects d. Platelet-activating factor can be released by both circulating and fixed tissue cells

Last Answer : Answer: d Inflammatory mediators have recently been recognized as playing a significant role in the clinical manifestations and progression of shock and the development ... increased pulmonary vascular resistance, bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasodilatation, and increased vascular permeability

Platelet activating factor is: a. Generated by the action of phospholipase A2 on membrane phospholipids b. Antiinflammatory in most of its actions c. Synthesized by endothelial and other cells d. Exerts a variety of biologic effects which are platelet-independent

Description : Platelet activating factor is: a. Generated by the action of phospholipase A2 on membrane phospholipids b. Antiinflammatory in most of its actions c. Synthesized by endothelial and other cells d. Exerts a variety of biologic effects which are platelet-independent

Last Answer : Answer: a, c, d Like the eicosanoids, platelet-activating factor (PAF) is not stored in cells but is rapidly produced during inflammation. PAF exerts a variety of biologic effects ... and LTB4. There is considerable overlap and redundancy in the effects produced by PAF and eicosanoids

The following are true about chemicals involved in allergic reaction: a. thromboxane -leukocyte activation b. prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation c. platelet-activating factor - leukocyte activation d. heparin - augments inactivation of prostaglandins

Description : The following are true about chemicals involved in allergic reaction: a. thromboxane -leukocyte activation b. prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation c. platelet-activating factor - leukocyte activation d. heparin - augments inactivation of prostaglandins

Last Answer : prostaglandin-2 - vasodilatation

Dysmenorrhoea is often associated with excess production of the following autacoid by the endometrium: A. Bradykinin B. Prostaglandin C. Platelet activating factor D. 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Description :  Dysmenorrhoea is often associated with excess production of the following autacoid by the endometrium: A. Bradykinin B. Prostaglandin C. Platelet activating factor D. 5-Hydroxytryptamine

Last Answer : B. Prostaglandin

Leukotrienes: 1) Are formed from the cyclooxygenase pathway 2) Are synthesized by fibroblasts 3) Decrease vascular permeability 4) Leukotriene D4 has been identified as SRS-A which causes bronchial wall smooth muscle relaxation 5) Stimulate mucus secretion

Description : Leukotrienes: 1) Are formed from the cyclooxygenase pathway 2) Are synthesized by fibroblasts 3) Decrease vascular permeability 4) Leukotriene D4 has been identified as SRS-A which causes bronchial wall smooth muscle relaxation 5) Stimulate mucus secretion

Last Answer : Answers-5 Leukotrienes are synthesized by leucocytes.They are mediators of allergic reaction. They increase vascular permeability and attract neutrophils and eosinophils to inflammatory sites. ... stimulate mucus production, an important consideration in the pathophysiology of bronchial asthma.

Following is an example of preformed and not lipid derived mast cell mediator of inflammatory process (a) LTC4 (b) PGD2 (c) PAF (d) Histamine

Description : Following is an example of preformed and not lipid derived mast cell mediator of inflammatory process (a) LTC4 (b) PGD2 (c) PAF (d) Histamine

Last Answer : Ans: D

The most prominent action of leukotriene B4 is: A. Vasodilatation B. Uterine contraction C. Platelet aggregation D. Chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes

Description : The most prominent action of leukotriene B4 is: A. Vasodilatation B. Uterine contraction C. Platelet aggregation D. Chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes

Last Answer : D. Chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes

Which of the following terms best describes the antagonism of leukotriene’s bronchoconstrictor effect (mediated at leukotriene receptors) by terbutaline (acting a adrenoceptors) in a patient with asthma? (a) Pharmacologic antagonist (b) Partial agonist (c) Physiologic antagonist (d) Chemical antagonist (e) Noncompetitive antagonist

Description : Which of the following terms best describes the antagonism of leukotriene's bronchoconstrictor effect (mediated at leukotriene receptors) by terbutaline (acting a adrenoceptors) in a patient with ... ) Partial agonist (c) Physiologic antagonist (d) Chemical antagonist (e) Noncompetitive antagonist

Last Answer : Ans: C

The fastest symptomatic relief as well as highest healing rates in reflux esophagitis are obtained with: A. Prokinetic drugs B. H2 receptor blockers C. Proton pump inhibitors D. Sodium alginate

Description : The fastest symptomatic relief as well as highest healing rates in reflux esophagitis are obtained with: A. Prokinetic drugs B. H2 receptor blockers C. Proton pump inhibitors D. Sodium alginate

Last Answer : C. Proton pump inhibitors

Choose the correct statement about H2 receptor blockers: A. They are the most efficacious drugs in inhibiting gastric acid secretion B. They cause fastest healing of duodenal ulcers C. They prevent stress ulcers in the stomach D. They afford most prompt relief of ulcer pain

Description : Choose the correct statement about H2 receptor blockers: A. They are the most efficacious drugs in inhibiting gastric acid secretion B. They cause fastest healing of duodenal ulcers C. They prevent stress ulcers in the stomach D. They afford most prompt relief of ulcer pain

Last Answer : C. They prevent stress ulcers in the stomach

Compared to other antipsychotic drugs, the distinctive feature of penfluridol is: A. Very long duration of action B. Weak dopamine D2 blocking activity C. Lack of extrapyramidal side effects D. Additional 5-HT2 receptor blocking activity

Description : Compared to other antipsychotic drugs, the distinctive feature of penfluridol is: A. Very long duration of action B. Weak dopamine D2 blocking activity C. Lack of extrapyramidal side effects D. Additional 5-HT2 receptor blocking activity

Last Answer : A. Very long duration of action

The following drugs exert their action through the GABAA-benzodiazepine–receptor Cl¯ channel complex except: A. Baclofen B. Zolpidem C. Bicuculline D. Phenobarbitone

Description : The following drugs exert their action through the GABAA-benzodiazepine–receptor Cl¯ channel complex except: A. Baclofen B. Zolpidem C. Bicuculline D. Phenobarbitone

Last Answer : A. Baclofen

In an asthma patient treated with systemic corticosteroids, bronchodilator drugs: A. Are not needed B. Are contraindicated C. May be used on ‘as and when required’ basis D. Are ineffective

Description : In an asthma patient treated with systemic corticosteroids, bronchodilator drugs: A. Are not needed B. Are contraindicated C. May be used on ‘as and when required’ basis D. Are ineffective

Last Answer : C. May be used on ‘as and when required’ basis

Choose the correct statement about long acting calcium channel blocking drugs as antihypertensives: A. They are the most effective drugs in suppressing hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy B. They are as effective as diuretics or β blockers in reducing cardiovascular/total mortality C. They compromise quality of life more than β blockers D. They have no beneficial effect in hypertensive/diabetic nephropath

Description : Choose the correct statement about long acting calcium channel blocking drugs as antihypertensives: A. They are the most effective drugs in suppressing hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy B. They ... more than β blockers D. They have no beneficial effect in hypertensive/diabetic nephropath

Last Answer : B. They are as effective as diuretics or β blockers in reducing cardiovascular/total mortality