The following kinin action is mediated primarily by the kinin B1 receptor: A. Intestinal contraction B. Bronchoconstriction C. EDRF release and vasodilatation D. Production of Interleukin, TNFα and other inflammatory mediators

The following kinin action is mediated primarily by the
kinin B1 receptor:
A. Intestinal contraction
B. Bronchoconstriction
C. EDRF release and vasodilatation
D. Production of Interleukin, TNFα and other
inflammatory mediators
by

1 Answer

Answer :

. Production of Interleukin, TNFα and other
inflammatory mediators
by

Related questions

The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Description : The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Last Answer : B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation

The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Description : The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla

Last Answer : B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation

The following action of 5-Hydroxy tryptamine is mediated by the 5-HT3 receptor: A. Vasoconstriction B. Bradycardia C. EDRF release D. Platelet aggregation

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Last Answer : B. Bradycardia

The action of 5-Hydroxy tryptamine mediated by the 5-HT3 receptor is (a) Vasoconstriction (b) Bradycardia (c) EDRF release (d) Platelet aggregation

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Last Answer : Ans: B

Eicosanoids mediate inflammation in a variety of ways. Of the following statements, which are true with regard to this? a. Eicosanoids are stored in cytoplasmic granules for release after receptor mediated signaling b. Eicosanoids include prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes and lipoxins c. Eicosanoids generally have a plasma half-life measured in hours d. Physiologic responses to eicosanoids include vasodilatation, vasoconstriction, increased vascular permeability and both chemotaxis and chemoattractant inhibition

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The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning this arm of the surgical stress response? a. Cytokines primarily work locally via direct cell-to-cell communication b. Cytokines are never detectable in the systemic bloodstream c. Cytokines are produced only by immune cells attracted to the site of injury d. Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events

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The symptoms of allergen-mediated asthma result from which of the following? (a) Increased release of mediators from mast cells (b) Increased adrenergic responsiveness of the airways (c) Inceased vascular permeability of bronchial tissue (d) Decreased calcium influx into the mast cell (e) Decreased prostaglandin production

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Last Answer : Ans: A

The Symptoms of allergen-mediated asthma result from which of the following? (a) Increased release of mediators from mast cells (b) Increased adrenergic responsiveness of the airways (c) Increased vascular permeability of bronchial tissue (d) Decreased calcium influx into the mast cells (e) Decreased prostaglandin production

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Last Answer : Ans: A

All of the following contribute to the antihypertensive action of propranolol except: A. Direct vasodilatation B. Decreased renin release from kidney C. Adaptation of blood vessels to reduced cardiac output D. Less noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings

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All of the following contribute to the antihypertensive action of propranolol except: A. Direct vasodilatation B. Decreased renin release from kidney C. Adaptation of blood vessels to reduced cardiac output D. Less noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings

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Last Answer : A. Direct vasodilatation

The following is true of loperamide except: A. It is absorbed from intestines and exerts centrally mediated antidiarrhoeal action B. It acts on the opioid receptors in the gut C. It increases tone and segmenting activity of the intestines D. It inhibits intestinal secretion by binding to calmodulin in the mucosal cells

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Which of the following statements are true of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)? A. The “two-hit” model proposes that secondary MODS may be produced when even a relatively minor second insult reactivates, in a more amplified form, the systemic inflammatory response that was primed by an initial insult to the host. B. The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), shock due to sepsis or SIRS, and MODS may be regarded as a continuum of illness severity. C. Prolonged stimulation or activation of Kupffer cells in the liver is thought to be a critical factor in the sustained, uncontrolled release of inflammatory mediators. D. The incidence of MODS in intensive care units has decreased owing to increased awareness, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.

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Select the correct statement about benzodiazepines (BZDs): A. All BZDs facilitate GABA mediated Cl¯ influx into neurones B. Different BZDs exert the same degrees of hypnotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant actions C. The BZD receptor is homogeneous at all neuronal sites D. The muscle relaxant action of BZDs is not blocked by flumazenil

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Activation of endothelin receptor ETA, leads to (a) Vasoconstriction (b) Bronchoconstriction (c) Aldosterone release (d) All of the above

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Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the vascular response to injury? a. Vasoconstriction is an early event in the response to injury b. Vasodilatation is a detrimental response to injury with normal body processes working to avoid this process c. Vascular permeability is maintained to prevent further cellular injury d. Histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) are important mediators of local vasoconstriction

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The success of oral rehydration therapy of diarrhoea depends upon the following process in the intestinal mucosa: A. Sodium pump mediated Na+ absorption B. Glucose coupled Na+ absorption C. Bicarbonate coupled Na+ absorption D. Passive Na+ diffusion secondary to nutrient absorption

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All of the following subserve as intracellular second messengers in receptor mediated signal transduction except: A. Cyclic AMP B. Inositol trisphosphate C. Diacyl glycerols D. G proteins

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Actions of 5-HT2 receptor activation are primarily mediated by: A. Increased membrane permeability to Na+ ions B. Increased formation of cAMP C. Activation of guanylyl cyclase D. Generation of inositol trisphosphate and diacyl glycerols

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The most prominent action of leukotriene B4 is: A. Vasodilatation B. Uterine contraction C. Platelet aggregation D. Chemotaxis of neutrophils and monocytes

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Last Answer : A. They produce long lasting bronchoconstriction

The β3 adrenoceptor differs from the other subtypes of β receptor in that it: A. Is not blocked by the conventional doses of propranolol B. Is located primarily in the heart C. Regulates blood sugar level D. Is not coupled to G proteins

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Last Answer : A. Is not blocked by the conventional doses of propranolol

The β 3 adrenoceptor differs from the other subtypes of β receptor in that it: A. Is not blocked by the conventional doses of propranolol B. Is located primarily in the heart C. Regulates blood sugar level D. Is not coupled to G proteins

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Last Answer : A. Is not blocked by the conventional doses of propranolol

e primary mechanism by which general anaesthetics produce their action is: A. Affecting receptor operated ion channels in cerebral neurones B. Blocking voltage sensitive Na+ channels in neuronal membrane C. Depressing metabolic activity of cerebral neurones D. Blocking production of high energy phosphates in the brain

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Last Answer : A. Affecting receptor operated ion channels in cerebral neurones

Increasing evidence has implicated gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS endotoxin) as the portion of the gram-negative bacterial cell membrane responsible for many, if not all the toxic effects that occur during gram-negative bacterial sepsis. The following statement(s) is/are true concerning LPS and the host response. a. The LPS molecule can in itself cause physiologic responses similar to that seen during gram-negative bacterial sepsis b. LPS triggers host macrophages to release a variety of cytokines including TNF-a, IL-1a, and IL-1b, IL-6, and IFN-a c. Excessive cytokine production is not associated with detrimental consequences d. TNFa and IL-1b appear to be the primary mediators within the host, exerting deleterious effects on the host when excessive amounts reach the syst

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Acquired immunity consists of humoral immunity maintained by _____ and _____, and cell-mediated immunity controlled by _____ a. T cells, complement, B cells b. T cells, Interleukin, B cells c. B cells, antibodies, T cells d. B cells, histamine, T cells

Description : Acquired immunity consists of humoral immunity maintained by _____ and _____, and cell-mediated immunity controlled by _____ a. T cells, complement, B cells b. T cells, Interleukin, B cells c. B cells, antibodies, T cells d. B cells, histamine, T cells

Last Answer : c. B cells, antibodies, T cells

Select the opioid analgesic which acts primarily through κ (kappa) opioid receptor: A. Pentazocine B. Methadone C. Buprenorphine D. Pethidine

Description : Select the opioid analgesic which acts primarily through κ (kappa) opioid receptor: A. Pentazocine B. Methadone C. Buprenorphine D. Pethidine

Last Answer : A. Pentazocine

The following action of adrenaline is mediated by both α and β receptors producing the same directional effect: A. Cardiac stimulation B. Intestinal relaxation C. Dilatation of pupil D. Bronchodilatation

Description : The following action of adrenaline is mediated by both α and β receptors producing the same directional effect: A. Cardiac stimulation B. Intestinal relaxation C. Dilatation of pupil D. Bronchodilatation

Last Answer : B. Intestinal relaxation

The following action of adrenaline is mediated by both α and β receptors producing the same directional effect: A. Cardiac stimulation B. Intestinal relaxation C. Dilatation of pupil D. Bronchodilatation

Description : The following action of adrenaline is mediated by both α and β receptors producing the same directional effect: A. Cardiac stimulation B. Intestinal relaxation C. Dilatation of pupil D. Bronchodilatation

Last Answer : B. Intestinal relaxation

Cell regulation can be thought of as the effector side of cell communication. Most commonly cell regulation occurs by means of extracellular chemical messengers. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning these messengers? a. Paracrine regulation involves a messenger which is produced and acts systemically b. The extracellular signal or stimulus is received by a receptor on or in the target cell c. Neurocrine regulation depends on a physical connection between the neuron and the target cell d. Most hormones, local mediators, and neurotransmitters readily cross the cell plasma membrane

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Which is an example of negative feedback? A) Nursing action stimulates the hypothalamus to release oxytocin that triggers mammary gland milk production. B) When the blood becomes dilute, ADH is no longer released from the hypothalamus. C) Uterine stretching sends nerve impulses to the hypothalamus that releases oxytocin that triggers uterine contraction. D) FSH and LH stimulate the gonads to produce sperm or eggs. E) TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Description : Which is an example of negative feedback? A) Nursing action stimulates the hypothalamus to release oxytocin that triggers mammary gland milk production. B) When the blood becomes dilute, ADH ... produce sperm or eggs. E) TRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyroid-stimulating hormone.

Last Answer : B) When the blood becomes dilute, ADH is no longer released from the hypothalamus

TThe most important mechanism of antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids is: A. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation C. Antagonism of action of interleukins D. Suppression of complement function

Description : The most important mechanism of antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids is: A. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation C. Antagonism of action of interleukins D. Suppression of complement function

Last Answer : B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation

The primary mechanism of action of the combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptive pill is: A. Production of cervical mucus hostile to sperm penetration B. Suppression of FSH and LH release C. Making endometrium unsuitable for implantation D. Enhancing uterine contractions to dislodge the fertilized ovum

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Last Answer : B. Suppression of FSH and LH release

Actions of oxytocin include the following except: A. Vasoconstriction B. Increased water reabsorption in renal collecting ducts C. Contraction of mammary myoepithelium D. Release of prostaglandins from endometrium

Description : Actions of oxytocin include the following except: A. Vasoconstriction B. Increased water reabsorption in renal collecting ducts C. Contraction of mammary myoepithelium D. Release of prostaglandins from endometrium

Last Answer : A. Vasoconstriction

16.11 Bromocriptine causes the following: A. Prolactin release B. Vomiting C. Uterine contraction D. Impotence

Description : 16.11 Bromocriptine causes the following: A. Prolactin release B. Vomiting C. Uterine contraction D. Impotence

Last Answer : B. Vomiting

The antiviral action of amantadine is exerted through: A. Interaction with the viral M2 protein B. Interaction with a virus directed thymidine kinase C. Inhibition of a viral protease enzyme D. Inhibition of viral RNA mediated DNA synthesi

Description : The antiviral action of amantadine is exerted through: A. Interaction with the viral M2 protein B. Interaction with a virus directed thymidine kinase C. Inhibition of a viral protease enzyme D. Inhibition of viral RNA mediated DNA synthesi

Last Answer : A. Interaction with the viral M2 protein

Aminoglycoside antibiotics exert the following action(s) on sensitive bacteria: A. Induce synthesis of defective proteins B. Make bacterial cell membrane more leaky C. Augment their own carrier mediated entry into the bacteria D. All of the above

Description : Aminoglycoside antibiotics exert the following action(s) on sensitive bacteria: A. Induce synthesis of defective proteins B. Make bacterial cell membrane more leaky C. Augment their own carrier mediated entry into the bacteria D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antimicrobial action is: A. They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane B. They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis C. They bind to 50S ribosomes and interfere with translocation of the growing peptide chain in the bacteria D. They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

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Last Answer : B. They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

The following action(s) of heparin is/are essential for inhibition of factor Xa: A. Facilitation of antithrombin III mediated inhibition of factor XIIa B. Provision of scaffold for the clotting factor to interact with antithrombin III C. Induction of a configurational change in antithrombin III to expose its interacting sites D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B

Description : The following action(s) of heparin is/are essential for inhibition of factor Xa: A. Facilitation of antithrombin III mediated inhibition of factor XIIa B. Provision of scaffold for the clotting factor ... configurational change in antithrombin III to expose its interacting sites D. Both A' and B

Last Answer : C. Induction of a configurational change in antithrombin III to expose its interacting sites

The vasopressin action(s) mediated by V2 receptors include(s): A. Increased water permeability of collecting duct cells B. Increased urea permeability of collecting duct cells C. Vasoconstriction D. Both 'A' and 'B

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Last Answer : D. Both 'A' and 'B

Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce the diuretic action of furosemide by: A. Preventing prostaglandin mediated intrarenal haemodynamic actions B. Blocking the action in ascending limb of loop of Henle. C. Enhancing salt and water reabsorption in distal tubule D. Increasing aldosterone secretion

Description : Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs reduce the diuretic action of furosemide by: A. Preventing prostaglandin mediated intrarenal haemodynamic actions B. Blocking the action in ascending limb of loop ... C. Enhancing salt and water reabsorption in distal tubule D. Increasing aldosterone secretion

Last Answer : A. Preventing prostaglandin mediated intrarenal haemodynamic actions

The primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is: A. Dopamine antagonism B. Adenosine antagonism C. Opening of neuronal chloride channels D. Facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride influx

Description : The primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is: A. Dopamine antagonism B. Adenosine antagonism C. Opening of neuronal chloride channels D. Facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride influx

Last Answer : D. Facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride influx

Adrenergic neurone blocking drugs: A. Block the action of adrenaline on neuronal α2 adrenoceptors B. Block both α and β adrenoceptor mediated effects of injected adrenaline C. Do not block any effect of injected adrenaline D. Do not block the effects of sympathetic nerve

Description : Adrenergic neurone blocking drugs: A. Block the action of adrenaline on neuronal α2 adrenoceptors B. Block both α and β adrenoceptor mediated effects of injected adrenaline C. Do not block any effect of injected adrenaline D. Do not block the effects of sympathetic nerve

Last Answer : C. Do not block any effect of injected adrenaline

When therapeutic effects decline both below and above a narrow range of doses, a drug is said to exhibit: A. Ceiling effect B. Desensitization C. Therapeutic window phenomenon D. Nonreceptor mediated action

Description : When therapeutic effects decline both below and above a narrow range of doses, a drug is said to exhibit: A. Ceiling effect B. Desensitization C. Therapeutic window phenomenon D. Nonreceptor mediated action

Last Answer : C. Therapeutic window phenomenon

Adrenergic neurone blocking drugs: A. Block the action of adrenaline on neuronal α2 adrenoceptors B. Block both α and β adrenoceptor mediated effects of injected adrenaline C. Do not block any effect of injected adrenaline D. Do not block the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation

Description : Adrenergic neurone blocking drugs: A. Block the action of adrenaline on neuronal α2 adrenoceptors B. Block both α and β adrenoceptor mediated effects of injected adrenaline C. Do not block any effect of injected adrenaline D. Do not block the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation

Last Answer : C. Do not block any effect of injected adrenaline

Drugs producing allergic reactions generally act as: A. Complete antigens B. Haptenes C. Antibodies D. Mediators

Description : Drugs producing allergic reactions generally act as: A. Complete antigens B. Haptenes C. Antibodies D. Mediators

Last Answer : B. Haptenes

Actions of prostaglandin E2 include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Bronchoconstriction C. Uterine contraction D. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Description : Actions of prostaglandin E2 include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Bronchoconstriction C. Uterine contraction D. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Last Answer : B. Bronchoconstriction

Activation of the following type of receptors present on myenteric neurones by metoclopramide is primarily responsible for enhanced acetylcholine release improving gastric motility: A. Muscarinic M1 B. Serotonergic 5-HT3 C. Serotonergic 5-HT4 D. Dopaminergic D2

Description : Activation of the following type of receptors present on myenteric neurones by metoclopramide is primarily responsible for enhanced acetylcholine release improving gastric motility: A. Muscarinic M1 B. Serotonergic 5-HT3 C. Serotonergic 5-HT4 D. Dopaminergic D2

Last Answer : C. Serotonergic 5-HT4

Actions of bradykinin include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Cardiac depression C. Increase in capillary permeability D. Bronchoconstriction

Description : Actions of bradykinin include the following except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Cardiac depression C. Increase in capillary permeability D. Bronchoconstriction

Last Answer : B. Cardiac depression

Atropine does not antagonise the following feature of anticholinesterase poisoning: A. Hypotension B. Central excitation C. Muscle paralysis D. Bronchoconstriction

Description : Atropine does not antagonise the following feature of anticholinesterase poisoning: A. Hypotension B. Central excitation C. Muscle paralysis D. Bronchoconstriction

Last Answer : C. Muscle paralysis