Methylxanthines exert the following action(s) at cellular/molecular level: A. Intracellular release of Ca2+ B. Antagonism of adenosine C. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase D. All of the above

Methylxanthines exert the following action(s) at cellular/molecular level: A. Intracellular release of Ca2+ B. Antagonism of adenosine C. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase D. All of the above
by

1 Answer

Answer :

D. All of the above
by

Related questions

Methylxanthines exert the following action (s) at cellular/molecular level (a) Intracellular release of Ca2+ (b) Antagonism of adenosine (c) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (d) All of the above

Description : Methylxanthines exert the following action (s) at cellular/molecular level (a) Intracellular release of Ca2+ (b) Antagonism of adenosine (c) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: D

hat is/are the consequence(s) of myocardial Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition by digoxin: A. Increased intracellular Na+ ion concentration B. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration C. Increased intracellular K+ ion concentration D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Description : hat is/are the consequence(s) of myocardial Na+ K+ ATPase inhibition by digoxin: A. Increased intracellular Na+ ion concentration B. Increased cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration C. Increased intracellular K+ ion concentration D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Last Answer : D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Corticosteroids exert antiinflammatory action by inhibiting the following enzyme: A. Cyclooxygenase B. Lipoxygenase C. Phospholipase-A D. Phosphodiesterase

Description : Corticosteroids exert antiinflammatory action by inhibiting the following enzyme: A. Cyclooxygenase B. Lipoxygenase C. Phospholipase-A D. Phosphodiesterase

Last Answer : C. Phospholipase-A

The primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is: A. Dopamine antagonism B. Adenosine antagonism C. Opening of neuronal chloride channels D. Facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride influx

Description : The primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is: A. Dopamine antagonism B. Adenosine antagonism C. Opening of neuronal chloride channels D. Facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride influx

Last Answer : D. Facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride influx

The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antimicrobial action is: A. They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane B. They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis C. They bind to 50S ribosomes and interfere with translocation of the growing peptide chain in the bacteria D. They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

Description : The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antimicrobial action is: A. They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane B. They bind to 30S ribosomes ... peptide chain in the bacteria D. They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

Last Answer : B. They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis

TThe most important mechanism of antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids is: A. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation C. Antagonism of action of interleukins D. Suppression of complement function

Description : The most important mechanism of antiinflammatory action of glucocorticoids is: A. Inhibition of lysosomal enzymes B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation C. Antagonism of action of interleukins D. Suppression of complement function

Last Answer : B. Restriction of recruitment of inflammatory cells at the site of inflammation

The positive inotropic action of digoxin takes several hours to develop because: A. Binding of digoxin to Na+K+ATPase is slow B. After Na+K+ATPase inhibition by digoxin, Ca2+ loading of myocardial fibres occurs progressively with each contraction C. Digoxin inhibits Na+K+ATPase through modification of gene function which takes time D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correc

Description : The positive inotropic action of digoxin takes several hours to develop because: A. Binding of digoxin to Na+K+ATPase is slow B. After Na+K+ATPase inhibition by digoxin, Ca2+ loading of myocardial ... +ATPase through modification of gene function which takes time D. Both A' and B' are correc

Last Answer : D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B’ are correct

Phenytoin appears to derive its anticonvulsant action from: A. Selective inhibition of high frequency neuronal discharges B. Selective inhibition of epileptic focus C. Selective inhibition T-type Ca2+ current in brain cells D. Selective enhancement of inhibitory transmission in the brain

Description : Phenytoin appears to derive its anticonvulsant action from: A. Selective inhibition of high frequency neuronal discharges B. Selective inhibition of epileptic focus C. Selective inhibition T-type Ca2+ current in brain cells D. Selective enhancement of inhibitory transmission in the brain

Last Answer : A. Selective inhibition of high frequency neuronal discharges

The most probable mechanism of action of mebendazole is: A. Depolarization of membrane and spastic paralysis of the worm B. Hyperpolarization of membrane and flaccid paralysis of the worm C. Loss of intracellular microtubules and inhibition of glucose uptake in the worm D. Tegument damage and leakage of contents of the worm

Description : The most probable mechanism of action of mebendazole is: A. Depolarization of membrane and spastic paralysis of the worm B. Hyperpolarization of membrane and flaccid paralysis of the worm C. Loss of ... inhibition of glucose uptake in the worm D. Tegument damage and leakage of contents of the worm

Last Answer : C. Loss of intracellular microtubules and inhibition of glucose uptake in the worm

Dantrolene sodium reduces skeletal muscle tone by: A. Reducing acetylcholine release from motor nerve endings B. Suppressing spinal polysynaptic reflexes C. Inhibiting the generation of muscle action potential D. Reducing Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the muscle fibre

Description : Dantrolene sodium reduces skeletal muscle tone by: A. Reducing acetylcholine release from motor nerve endings B. Suppressing spinal polysynaptic reflexes C. Inhibiting the generation of muscle action potential D. Reducing Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the muscle fibre

Last Answer : D. Reducing Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum in the muscle fibre

Corticosteroids exert anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the following enzyme (a) Cycloxygenase (b) Lipozygenase (c) Phospholipase - A (d) Phosphodiesterase

Description : Corticosteroids exert anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the following enzyme (a) Cycloxygenase (b) Lipozygenase (c) Phospholipase - A (d) Phosphodiesterase

Last Answer : Ans: C

Vinca alkaloids exert antitumor activity by: A. Activating topoisomerase II to cause breaks in DNA strands B. Crosslinking DNA strands C. Inhibiting DNA mediated RNA synthesis D. Inhibiting polymerization of tubulin to form intracellular microtubules

Description : Vinca alkaloids exert antitumor activity by: A. Activating topoisomerase II to cause breaks in DNA strands B. Crosslinking DNA strands C. Inhibiting DNA mediated RNA synthesis D. Inhibiting polymerization of tubulin to form intracellular microtubules

Last Answer : D. Inhibiting polymerization of tubulin to form intracellular microtubules

The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antiimicrobial action is (a) They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane (b) They bind to 30S ribosomes and inhibit bacterial protein synthesis (c) They bind to 50S ribosomes and interfere with translocation of the growing peptide chain in the bacteria (d) They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

Description : The most important mechanism by which tetracycline antibiotics exert antiimicrobial action is (a) They chelate Ca2+ ions and alter permeability of bacterial cell membrane (b) They bind to 30S ribosomes ... peptide chain in the bacteria (d) They interfere with DNA mediated RNA synthesis in bacteria

Last Answer : Ans: B

The best understood intracellular messenger is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Which of the following statement(s) concerning this intracellular messenger is/are correct? a. Intracellular cyclic AMP is constantly degraded by a specific enzyme, cAMP phosphodiesterase b. Most of the actions of cAMP are mediated by activation of protein kinase A c. Intracellular levels of cAMP are relatively stable and change solely in response to activation of adenylate cyclase d. cAMP is the only cyclic nucleotide active as an intracellular messenger

Description : The best understood intracellular messenger is cyclic AMP (cAMP). Which of the following statement(s) concerning this intracellular messenger is/are correct? a. Intracellular cyclic AMP is constantly ... of adenylate cyclase d. cAMP is the only cyclic nucleotide active as an intracellular messenger

Last Answer : Answer: a, b The prototypic intracellular messenger is cAMP. To function as a mediator, the concentration of cAMP must change rapidly. In resting cells, cAMP is continuously being degraded by ... produce cGMP. Intracellular calcium ions also serve as second messengers in a large number of cells

Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings: A. By depolarizing the axonal membrane B. By mobilizing Ca2+ C. By a nonexocytotic process D. Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Description : Tyramine induces release of noradrenaline from adrenergic nerve endings: A. By depolarizing the axonal membrane B. By mobilizing Ca2+ C. By a nonexocytotic process D. Only in the presence of MAO inhibitors

Last Answer : C. By a nonexocytotic process

Cromolyn has as its major action (a) Block of calcium channels in lymphocytes (b) Block of mediator release from mast cells (c) Block of phosphodiesterase in mast cells and basophils (d) Smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchi (e) Stimulation of cortisol release by the adrenals

Description : Cromolyn has as its major action (a) Block of calcium channels in lymphocytes (b) Block of mediator release from mast cells (c) Block of phosphodiesterase in mast cells and basophils (d) Smooth muscle relaxation in the bronchi (e) Stimulation of cortisol release by the adrenals

Last Answer : Ans: B

Beneficial effects of β-adrenoceptor blockers in CHF include the following except: A. Antagonism of ventricular wall stress enhancing action of sympathetic overactivity B. Antagonism of vasoconstriction due to sympathetic overactivity C. Prevention of pathological remodeling of ventricular myocardium D. Prevention of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias

Description : Beneficial effects of β-adrenoceptor blockers in CHF include the following except: A. Antagonism of ventricular wall stress enhancing action of sympathetic overactivity B. Antagonism ... Prevention of pathological remodeling of ventricular myocardium D. Prevention of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias

Last Answer : B. Antagonism of vasoconstriction due to sympathetic overactivity

6.12 The most prominent action of bromocriptine is: A. Dopamine D2 agonism B. Dopamine D2 antagonism C. Dopamine D1 antagonism D. α adrenergic antagonism

Description : 6.12 The most prominent action of bromocriptine is: A. Dopamine D2 agonism B. Dopamine D2 antagonism C. Dopamine D1 antagonism D. α adrenergic antagonism

Last Answer : A. Dopamine D2 agonism

Aminoglycoside antibiotics exert the following action(s) on sensitive bacteria: A. Induce synthesis of defective proteins B. Make bacterial cell membrane more leaky C. Augment their own carrier mediated entry into the bacteria D. All of the above

Description : Aminoglycoside antibiotics exert the following action(s) on sensitive bacteria: A. Induce synthesis of defective proteins B. Make bacterial cell membrane more leaky C. Augment their own carrier mediated entry into the bacteria D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

The most probable mechanism of anticonvulsant action of phenytoin is: A. Facilitation of GABAergic inhibitory transmission B. Hyperpolarization of neurones C. Interaction with Ca2+ channels to promote Ca2+ influx D. Prolongation of voltage sensitive neuronal Na+ channel inactivation

Description : The most probable mechanism of anticonvulsant action of phenytoin is: A. Facilitation of GABAergic inhibitory transmission B. Hyperpolarization of neurones C. Interaction with Ca2+ channels to promote Ca2+ influx D. Prolongation of voltage sensitive neuronal Na+ channel inactivation

Last Answer : D. Prolongation of voltage sensitive neuronal Na+ channel inactivation

Superactive GnRH agonists cause: A. Initial as well as sustained release of gonadotropins B. Initial inhibition followed by stimulation of gonadotropin release after 1-2 weeks C. Initial stimulation followed by inhibition of gonadotropin release after 1-2 weeks D. Initial as well as sustained inhibition of gonadotropin release

Description : Superactive GnRH agonists cause: A. Initial as well as sustained release of gonadotropins B. Initial inhibition followed by stimulation of gonadotropin release after 1-2 weeks C. Initial stimulation ... release after 1-2 weeks D. Initial as well as sustained inhibition of gonadotropin release

Last Answer : C. Initial stimulation followed by inhibition of gonadotropin release after 1-2 weeks

16.17 Superactive GnRH agonists cause: A. Initial as well as sustained release of gonadotropins B. Initial inhibition followed by stimulation of gonadotropin release after 1-2 weeks C. Initial stimulation followed by inhibition of gonadotropin release after 1-2 weeks D. Initial as well as sustained inhibition of gonadotropin release

Description : 16.17 Superactive GnRH agonists cause: A. Initial as well as sustained release of gonadotropins B. Initial inhibition followed by stimulation of gonadotropin release after 1-2 weeks C. Initial ... release after 1-2 weeks D. Initial as well as sustained inhibition of gonadotropin release

Last Answer : C. Initial stimulation followed by inhibition of gonadotropin release after 1-2 weeks

The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except: A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake

Description : The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except: A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake

Last Answer : B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver

The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except: A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake

Description : The metabolic actions of adrenaline include the following except: A. Glycogenolysis in liver and muscle B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver C. Lipolysis in adipose tissue D. Release of potassium from liver followed by its uptake

Last Answer : B. Inhibition of neoglucogenesis in liver

Use of adenosine for terminating an episode of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia has the following advantages except: A. It does not produce any side effect B. It can be given to patients with low blood pressure C. Its action lasts less than 1 min after bolus intravenous injection D. It is effective in patients not responding to verapamil

Description : Use of adenosine for terminating an episode of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia has the following advantages except: A. It does not produce any side effect B. It can be given to patients ... 1 min after bolus intravenous injection D. It is effective in patients not responding to verapamil

Last Answer : A. It does not produce any side effect

Select the drug that antagonises diazepam action noncompetitively: A. Adenosine B. Flumazenil C. Bicuculline D. Valproic acid

Description : Select the drug that antagonises diazepam action noncompetitively: A. Adenosine B. Flumazenil C. Bicuculline D. Valproic acid

Last Answer : C. Bicuculline

The following action(s) of heparin is/are essential for inhibition of factor Xa: A. Facilitation of antithrombin III mediated inhibition of factor XIIa B. Provision of scaffold for the clotting factor to interact with antithrombin III C. Induction of a configurational change in antithrombin III to expose its interacting sites D. Both ‘A’ and ‘B

Description : The following action(s) of heparin is/are essential for inhibition of factor Xa: A. Facilitation of antithrombin III mediated inhibition of factor XIIa B. Provision of scaffold for the clotting factor ... configurational change in antithrombin III to expose its interacting sites D. Both A' and B

Last Answer : C. Induction of a configurational change in antithrombin III to expose its interacting sites

The following effect(s) of tamoxifen citrate indicate(s) that it possesses tissue specific estrogenic action as well: A. Inhibition of breast cancer cells B. Endometrial proliferation C. Hot flushes in premenopausal women D. All of the above

Description : The following effect(s) of tamoxifen citrate indicate(s) that it possesses tissue specific estrogenic action as well: A. Inhibition of breast cancer cells B. Endometrial proliferation C. Hot flushes in premenopausal women D. All of the above

Last Answer : B. Endometrial proliferation

Insulin increases the permeability of glucose across the plasma membrane of muscle cells by (A) Acting on adenylate cycle (B) By loosening the integrity of the membrane (C) Through Ca2+ ions (D) By membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane

Description : Insulin increases the permeability of glucose across the plasma membrane of muscle cells by (A) Acting on adenylate cycle (B) By loosening the integrity of the membrane (C) Through Ca2 ... membrane cruting the hexose carries of intracellular organelles and making them fuse with the plasma membrane

Last Answer : Answer : D

What is the principal cation of intracellular fluid? (A) K+ (B) Na+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+

Description : What is the principal cation of intracellular fluid? (A) K+ (B) Na+ (C) Ca2+ (D) Mg2+

Last Answer : Answer : A

Alkylating agents exert cytotoxic action by inducing: A. Breakage of DNA strand B. Cross linking of DNA strands C. Abnormal pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases D. All of the above

Description : Alkylating agents exert cytotoxic action by inducing: A. Breakage of DNA strand B. Cross linking of DNA strands C. Abnormal pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

The following is true of sulfonamides except: A. They are more likely to produce crystalluria in alkaline urine in which they are less soluble B. They are primarily metabolized by acetylation C. They may exert bactericidal action in the urinary tract D. Used alone, they have become therapeutically unreliable for serious infections

Description : The following is true of sulfonamides except: A. They are more likely to produce crystalluria in alkaline urine in which they are less soluble B. They are primarily metabolized by acetylation ... in the urinary tract D. Used alone, they have become therapeutically unreliable for serious infections

Last Answer : A. They are more likely to produce crystalluria in alkaline urine in which they are less soluble

Cyclic nucleotides exert the following action on salt transport across intestinal mucosal cells: A. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Cland HCO3 – secretion B. Cyclic AMP enhances but cyclic GMP inhibits Cl– and HCO3 – secretion C. Cyclic AMP inhibits but cyclic GMP enhances Na+ and Cl– reabsorption D. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Na+ and Cl– reabsorption

Description : Cyclic nucleotides exert the following action on salt transport across intestinal mucosal cells: A. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Cland HCO3 - secretion B. Cyclic AMP enhances but cyclic GMP ... Cl- reabsorption D. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Na+ and Cl- reabsorption

Last Answer : A. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Cland HCO3 – secreti

Irrespective of the type, all laxatives exert the following action: A. Increase the content of solids in the faeces B. Increase the water content of faeces C. Reduce absorption of nutrients D. Increase intestinal motility

Description : Irrespective of the type, all laxatives exert the following action: A. Increase the content of solids in the faeces B. Increase the water content of faeces C. Reduce absorption of nutrients D. Increase intestinal motility

Last Answer : B. Increase the water content of faeces

The following is true of selegiline: A. It does not exert antiparkinsonian action unless combined with levodopa B. It overcomes the ‘on-off ’ effect in levodopa treated advanced parkinsonian patients C. It retards the progression of Parkinson's disease D. At doses used in parkinsonism it does not interfere with peripheral metabolism of dietary amines

Description : The following is true of selegiline: A. It does not exert antiparkinsonian action unless combined with levodopa B. It overcomes the on-off ' effect in levodopa treated advanced parkinsonian ... D. At doses used in parkinsonism it does not interfere with peripheral metabolism of dietary amines

Last Answer : . At doses used in parkinsonism it does not interfere with peripheral metabolism of dietary amines

The following drugs exert their action through the GABAA-benzodiazepine–receptor Cl¯ channel complex except: A. Baclofen B. Zolpidem C. Bicuculline D. Phenobarbitone

Description : The following drugs exert their action through the GABAA-benzodiazepine–receptor Cl¯ channel complex except: A. Baclofen B. Zolpidem C. Bicuculline D. Phenobarbitone

Last Answer : A. Baclofen

Select the correct statement about benzodiazepines (BZDs): A. All BZDs facilitate GABA mediated Cl¯ influx into neurones B. Different BZDs exert the same degrees of hypnotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant actions C. The BZD receptor is homogeneous at all neuronal sites D. The muscle relaxant action of BZDs is not blocked by flumazenil

Description : Select the correct statement about benzodiazepines (BZDs): A. All BZDs facilitate GABA mediated Cl¯ influx into neurones B. Different BZDs exert the same degrees of hypnotic, anxiolytic and anticonvulsant ... at all neuronal sites D. The muscle relaxant action of BZDs is not blocked by flumazenil

Last Answer : A. All BZDs facilitate GABA mediated Cl¯ influx into neurones

ntithyroid drugs exert the following action: A. Inhibit thyroxine synthesis B. Block the action of thyroxine on pituitary C. Block the action of TSH on thyroid D. Block the action of thyroxine on peripheral tissues

Description : ntithyroid drugs exert the following action: A. Inhibit thyroxine synthesis B. Block the action of thyroxine on pituitary C. Block the action of TSH on thyroid D. Block the action of thyroxine on peripheral tissues

Last Answer : A. Inhibit thyroxine synthesis

Antithyroid drugs exert the following action: A. Inhibit thyroxine synthesis B. Block the action of thyroxine on pituitary C. Block the action of TSH on thyroid D. Block the action of thyroxine on peripheral tissues

Description : Antithyroid drugs exert the following action: A. Inhibit thyroxine synthesis B. Block the action of thyroxine on pituitary C. Block the action of TSH on thyroid D. Block the action of thyroxine on peripheral tissues

Last Answer : . Inhibit thyroxine synthesis

Mini-dose heparin has been shown to be useful in the prophylaxis of postoperative venous thrombosis. Mechanism(s) by which low-dose heparin is/are thought to protect against venous thrombosis include: a. Enhancement of antithrombin III activity b. A decrease in thrombin availability c. Inhibition of platelet aggregation and subsequent platelet release action d. A mild prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time

Description : Mini-dose heparin has been shown to be useful in the prophylaxis of postoperative venous thrombosis. Mechanism(s) by which low-dose heparin is/are thought to protect against venous ... aggregation and subsequent platelet release action d. A mild prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c Low-dose heparin is thought to protect against venous thrombosis through three different mechanisms. First, antithrombin III activity with its inhibition of activated Factor X is ... release reaction. The standard doses of heparin administered (5000 units bid) does not affect aPTT

The antiviral action of amantadine is exerted through: A. Interaction with the viral M2 protein B. Interaction with a virus directed thymidine kinase C. Inhibition of a viral protease enzyme D. Inhibition of viral RNA mediated DNA synthesi

Description : The antiviral action of amantadine is exerted through: A. Interaction with the viral M2 protein B. Interaction with a virus directed thymidine kinase C. Inhibition of a viral protease enzyme D. Inhibition of viral RNA mediated DNA synthesi

Last Answer : A. Interaction with the viral M2 protein

Bactericidal action of aminoglycoside antibiotics is due to: A. Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis B. Alteration of bacterial cell membrane permeability C. Damage to bacterial cell wall D. Inhibition of bacterial oxidative metabolism

Description : Bactericidal action of aminoglycoside antibiotics is due to: A. Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis B. Alteration of bacterial cell membrane permeability C. Damage to bacterial cell wall D. Inhibition of bacterial oxidative metabolism

Last Answer : B. Alteration of bacterial cell membrane permeability

Omeprazole exerts practically no other action except inhibition of gastric acid secretion because: A. It transforms into the active cationic forms only in the acidic pH of the gastric juice B. Its active forms have selective affinity for the H+K+ATPase located in the apical canaliculi of gastric parietal cells C. Its cationic forms are unable to diffuse out from the gastric parietal cell canaliculi D. All of the above

Description : Omeprazole exerts practically no other action except inhibition of gastric acid secretion because: A. It transforms into the active cationic forms only in the acidic pH of the gastric juice B. Its ... forms are unable to diffuse out from the gastric parietal cell canaliculi D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

The primary action by which entacapone and tolcapone enhance the therapeutic effect of levodopa-carbidopa in parkinsonism is: A. Inhibition of levodopa methylation in the liver B. Inhibition of dopamine methylation in the brain C. Inhibition of oxidative deamination of dopamine in the brain D. Facilitation of active transport of levodopa across brain capillaries

Description : The primary action by which entacapone and tolcapone enhance the therapeutic effect of levodopa-carbidopa in parkinsonism is: A. Inhibition of levodopa methylation in the liver B. Inhibition of ... of dopamine in the brain D. Facilitation of active transport of levodopa across brain capillaries

Last Answer : A. Inhibition of levodopa methylation in the liver

Action of Insulin does not include the following: A. Facilitation of glucose transport into cells B. Facilitation of glycogen synthesis by liver C. Facilitation of neoglucogenesis by liver D. Inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue

Description : Action of Insulin does not include the following: A. Facilitation of glucose transport into cells B. Facilitation of glycogen synthesis by liver C. Facilitation of neoglucogenesis by liver D. Inhibition of lipolysis in adipose tissue

Last Answer : . Facilitation of neoglucogenesis by liver

What is true of nimesulide: A. It exerts antiinflammatory action by several mechanisms in addition to cyclooxygenase inhibition B. It is preferred for long-term use in rheumatoid arthritis C. It is contraindicated in aspirin intolerant asthma patients D. All of the above

Description : What is true of nimesulide: A. It exerts antiinflammatory action by several mechanisms in addition to cyclooxygenase inhibition B. It is preferred for long-term use in rheumatoid arthritis C. It is contraindicated in aspirin intolerant asthma patients D. All of the above

Last Answer : A. It exerts antiinflammatory action by several mechanisms in addition to cyclooxygenase inhibition

Secretion of K+ in the late distal tubule and collecting ducts of kidney depends on: A. Intracellular K+ content B. Unabsorbed Na+ load presented to the distal segment C. Aldosterone level D. All of the above

Description : Secretion of K+ in the late distal tubule and collecting ducts of kidney depends on: A. Intracellular K+ content B. Unabsorbed Na+ load presented to the distal segment C. Aldosterone level D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Which of the following statements are true of oxidants? A. In addition to their pathophysiologic roles in inflammation, injury, and infection, oxidants also have physiologic roles. B. Oxidants may be generated from activated neutrophils and during reperfusion following a period of ischemia. C. The deleterious effects of oxidants include lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, oxidative damage to DNA, and inhibition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. D. The mechanism of ischemia-reperfusion injury involved the catalytic production of superoxide anion (O 2•) by the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Description : Which of the following statements are true of oxidants? A. In addition to their pathophysiologic roles in inflammation, injury, and infection, oxidants also have physiologic roles. B. Oxidants may ... involved the catalytic production of superoxide anion (O 2 ) by the enzyme xanthine oxidase.

Last Answer : Answer: ABCD DISCUSSION: Oxidants are reactive oxygen metabolites that have both physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. As potent oxidizing agents, oxidants are involved in cytochrome P ... leukocyte infiltration and activation, causing further tissue damage by the release of cytotoxic proteases

The following anti-HIV drug should not be combined with zidovudine because of mutual antagonism: A. Stavudine B. Lamivudine C. Nevirapine D. Ritonavir

Description : The following anti-HIV drug should not be combined with zidovudine because of mutual antagonism: A. Stavudine B. Lamivudine C. Nevirapine D. Ritonavir

Last Answer : A. Stavudine

Which type of antimicrobial drug combination is most likely to exhibit antagonism: A. Bactericidal + Bactericidal B. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a highly sensitive organism C. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a marginally sensitive organism D. Bacteriostatic + Bacteriostatic

Description : Which type of antimicrobial drug combination is most likely to exhibit antagonism: A. Bactericidal + Bactericidal B. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a highly sensitive organism C. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a marginally sensitive organism D. Bacteriostatic + Bacteriostatic

Last Answer : B. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a highly sensitive organism