The energy loss in flow through Venturimeter is less than that through flow nozzle, because in case of a flow nozzle, the (A) Length is shorter (B) Throat diameter is more (C) Sudden expansion of flow in the downstream occurs (D) Distance between the throat and the inlet is more

The energy loss in flow through Venturimeter is less than that through
flow nozzle, because in case of a flow nozzle, the
(A) Length is shorter
(B) Throat diameter is more
(C) Sudden expansion of flow in the downstream occurs
(D) Distance between the throat and the inlet is more
by

1 Answer

Answer :

(C) Sudden expansion of flow in the downstream occurs
by

Related questions

Select the correct statement. (A) The discharge through a Venturimeter depends upon Δp only and isindependent of orientation of the meter(B) A Venturimeter with a given gage difference discharges at a greater rate,when the flow is vertically downward through it, than when the flow is verticallyupward(C) For a given pressure difference, the discharge of gas is greater through aVenturimeter, when compressibility is taken into account, than when it isneglected(D) The overall pressure loss is the same in a given pipe line, whether aVenturimeter or a nozzle with the same throat dia is used

Description : Sele(A) The discharge through a Venturimeter depends upon Δp only and isindependent of orientation of the meterct the correct statement. (B) A Venturimeter with a given gage difference discharges at a ... a given pipe line, whether a Venturimeter or a nozzle with the same throat dia is used

Last Answer : (A) The discharge through a Venturimeter depends upon Δp only and isindependent of orientation of the meterct the correct statement

Select the correct statement. (A) The discharge through a Venturimeter depends upon Δp only and isindependent of orientation of the meter(B) A Venturimeter with a given gage difference discharges at a greater rate,when the flow is vertically downward through it, than when the flow is verticallyupward(C) For a given pressure difference, the discharge of gas is greater through aVenturimeter, when compressibility is taken into account, than when it isneglected(D) The overall pressure loss is the same in a given pipe line, whether aVenturimeter or a nozzle with the same throat dia is used

Description : Select the correct statement. (A) The discharge through a Venturimeter depends upon Δp only and isindependent of orientation of the meter (B) A Venturimeter with a given gage difference discharges at a ... a given pipe line, whether a Venturimeter or a nozzle with the same throat dia is used

Last Answer : (A) The discharge through a Venturimeter depends upon Δp only and isindependent of orientation of the meter

17. In a Venturimeter, the velocity of liquid at throat is __________ than at inlet. A) Higher B) Lowe

Description : 17. In a Venturimeter, the velocity of liquid at throat is __________ than at inlet. A) Higher B) Lowe

Last Answer : A

The pressure of liquid at throat in a Venturimeter is __________ than that at inlet. (A) Higher (B) Lower (C) Same (D) None of these

Description : The pressure of liquid at throat in a Venturimeter is __________ than that at inlet. (A) Higher (B) Lower (C) Same (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer: Option B

Out of the following flow measuring devices, which one incurs themaximum installation cost as well as pressure loss? (A) Flow nozzle (B) Venturimeter (C) Rotameter (D) Orificemeter

Description : Out of the following flow measuring devices, which one incurs themaximum installation cost as well as pressure loss? (A) Flow nozzle (B) Venturimeter (C) Rotameter (D) Orificemeter

Last Answer : (B) Venturimeter

For a given fluid flow rate, which of the following incurs maximum head loss? (A) Orificemeter (B) Venturimeter (C) Flow nozzle (D) All of them incur the same head loss

Description : For a given fluid flow rate, which of the following incurs maximum head loss? (A) Orificemeter (B) Venturimeter (C) Flow nozzle (D) All of them incur the same head loss

Last Answer : (A) Orificemeter

. It is possible to integrate an automatic flow controller to a (A) Flow nozzle (B) Venturimeter (C) Rotameter (D) None of these

Description : . It is possible to integrate an automatic flow controller to a (A) Flow nozzle (B) Venturimeter (C) Rotameter (D) None of these

Last Answer : (C) Rotameter

For the same flow rate of a fluid, the pressure drop is the least for (A) Venturimeter (B) Orificemeter (C) Flow-nozzle (D) Δp is same for all

Description : For the same flow rate of a fluid, the pressure drop is the least for (A) Venturimeter (B) Orificemeter (C) Flow-nozzle (D) Δp is same for all

Last Answer : (A) Venturimeter

Which is the most efficient and best for measuring very small flow rate of gases? (A) Venturimeter (B) Orificemeter (C) Rotameter (D) Flow nozzle

Description : Which is the most efficient and best for measuring very small flow rate of gases? (A) Venturimeter (B) Orificemeter (C) Rotameter (D) Flow nozzle

Last Answer : (C) Rotameter

In a/an __________, the flow rate of fluids is obtained by measuring the difference between the impact and the static pressure. (A) Rotameter (B) Pitot tube (C) Venturimeter (D) Flow nozzle

Description : In a/an __________, the flow rate of fluids is obtained by measuring the difference between the impact and the static pressure. (A) Rotameter (B) Pitot tube (C) Venturimeter (D) Flow nozzle

Last Answer : (B) Pitot tube

Pick out the correct statement pertaining to the flow through a converging-diverging tube. (A) The value of Mach number is always unity at the throat (B) No shock wave develops in the tube when the Mach number at exit is greater than unity (C) Throughout the converging portion of the tube, the density increases in the downstream direction (D) None of these

Description : Pick out the correct statement pertaining to the flow through a converging-diverging tube. (A) The value of Mach number is always unity at the throat (B) No shock wave develops in the tube ... the converging portion of the tube, the density increases in the downstream direction (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) No shock wave develops in the tube when the Mach number at exit is greater than unity

Which of the following exemplifies a three dimensional fluid flow? (A) Fluid flow at the inlet to a nozzle (B) Fluid flow between parallel plates (C) Viscous fluid flow between converging plates (D) None of these

Description : Which of the following exemplifies a three dimensional fluid flow? (A) Fluid flow at the inlet to a nozzle (B) Fluid flow between parallel plates (C) Viscous fluid flow between converging plates (D) None of these

Last Answer : (A) Fluid flow at the inlet to a nozzle

Which of the following instruments is used to measure flow on the application of Bernoulli's theorem? (A) Venturimeter (B) Orifice plate (C) Nozzle (D) All of the above

Description : Which of the following instruments is used to measure flow on the application of Bernoulli's theorem? (A) Venturimeter (B) Orifice plate (C) Nozzle (D) All of the above

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Select the wrong statement pertaining to flow of an incompressible fluid through a Venturimeter. (A) For frictionless flow, the fluid pressure entering the venturi meter will be exactly equal to that leaving the Venturimeter(B) Discharge of fluid through a Venturimeter depends upon the gagedifference irrespective of the orientation of Venturimeter(C) Venturimeter occupies less space than an orificemeter(D) Venturimeter incurs less power loss compared to an equivalentorificemeter

Description : Select the wrong statement pertaining to flow of an incompressible fluid through a Venturimeter. (A) For frictionless flow, the fluid pressure entering the venturi meter will be exactly equal ... than an orificemeter (D) Venturimeter incurs less power loss compared to an equivalent orificemeter

Last Answer : (C) Venturimeter occupies less space than an orificemeter

In order to avoid tendency of separation at throat in a Venturimeter, the ratio of the diameter at throat to the diameter of pipe should be (A) 1/16 to 1/8 (B) 1/8 to 1/4 (C) 1/4 to 1/3 (D) 1/3 to 1/2

Description : In order to avoid tendency of separation at throat in a Venturimeter, the ratio of the diameter at throat to the diameter of pipe should be (A) 1/16 to 1/8 (B) 1/8 to 1/4 (C) 1/4 to 1/3 (D) 1/3 to 1/2

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Major loss in sudden contraction in pipe flow is due to (A) Boundary friction (B) Flow contraction (C) Expansion of flow after sudden contraction (D) None of these

Description : Major loss in sudden contraction in pipe flow is due to (A) Boundary friction (B) Flow contraction (C) Expansion of flow after sudden contraction (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Flow contraction

A Venturimeter cannot be used for the direct measurement of (A) Datum difference in the stretch of pipe-flow (B) Pressure difference in the flow through pipeline(C) Friction loss in pipe flow(D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Description : A Venturimeter cannot be used for the direct measurement of (A) Datum difference in the stretch of pipe-flow (B) Pressure difference in the flow through pipeline (C) Friction loss in pipe flow (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Water flow rate in a pipe of 3.5 metres diameter can be most economically and conveniently measured by a/an (A) Pitot tube (B) Venturimeter (C) Orificemeter (D) Rotameter

Description : Water flow rate in a pipe of 3.5 metres diameter can be most economically and conveniently measured by a/an (A) Pitot tube (B) Venturimeter (C) Orificemeter (D) Rotameter

Last Answer : (A) Pitot tube

The seepage exit gradient in a soil is the ratio of A) Total head to the length of seepage (B) Flow line to slope (C) Head upstream to that at downstream (D) Head loss to the length of the seepage

Description : The seepage exit gradient in a soil is the ratio of A) Total head to the length of seepage (B) Flow line to slope (C) Head upstream to that at downstream (D) Head loss to the length of the seepage

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

An endothermic aqueous phase first order irreversible reaction is carried out in an adiabatic plug flow reactor. The rate of reaction: (A) Is maximum at the inlet of the reactor (B) Goes through a maximum along the length of the reactor (C) Goes through a minimum along the length of the reactor (D) Is maximum at the exit of the reactor

Description : An endothermic aqueous phase first order irreversible reaction is carried out in an adiabatic plug flow reactor. The rate of reaction: (A) Is maximum at the inlet of the reactor (B) Goes through a maximum ... through a minimum along the length of the reactor (D) Is maximum at the exit of the reactor

Last Answer : (A) Is maximum at the inlet of the reactor

The most suitable flow measuring device for the fluid flow measurement in a very large diameter pipeline is a (A) Weir(B) Pitot tube(C) Kennison nozzle(D) V-notch

Description : The most suitable flow measuring device for the fluid flow measurement in a very large diameter pipeline is a (A) Weir (B) Pitot tube (C) Kennison nozzle (D) V-notch

Last Answer : (B) Pitot tube

Air inlet valve in water mains, is generally provided at (A) Summit of the pipe (B) Upstream of sluice valve (C) Downstream of sluice valve (D) Both (a) and (c) of above

Description : Air inlet valve in water mains, is generally provided at (A) Summit of the pipe (B) Upstream of sluice valve (C) Downstream of sluice valve (D) Both (a) and (c) of above

Last Answer : (D) Both (a) and (c) of above

In case of a __________ the energy of flow is considerably decreased downstream of the machine. (A) Blower (B) Turbine (C) Centrifugal pump (D) Centrifugal fan

Description : In case of a __________ the energy of flow is considerably decreased downstream of the machine. (A) Blower (B) Turbine (C) Centrifugal pump (D) Centrifugal fan

Last Answer : (B) Turbine

A pipe of length more than double the diameter of orifice fitted externally or internally to the orifice is called a (A) Notch (B) Weir (C) Mouthpiece (D) Nozzle

Description : A pipe of length more than double the diameter of orifice fitted externally or internally to the orifice is called a (A) Notch (B) Weir (C) Mouthpiece (D) Nozzle

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

Which of the following statement is wrong? (A) A flow whose streamline is represented by a curve is called two dimensional flow. (B) The total energy of a liquid particle is the sum of potential energy, kinetic energy and pressure energy. (C) The length of divergent portion in a Venturimeter is equal to the convergent portion. (D) A pitot tube is used to measure the velocity of flow at the required point in a pipe.

Description : Which of the following statement is wrong? (A) A flow whose streamline is represented by a curve is called two dimensional flow. (B) The total energy of a liquid particle is the sum of potential energy, ... (D) A pitot tube is used to measure the velocity of flow at the required point in a pipe.

Last Answer : Answer: Option C

Flow of water in a pipe about 3 metres in diameter can be measured by (A) Orifice plate (B) Venturimeter (C) Rotameter (D) Pitot tube

Description : Flow of water in a pipe about 3 metres in diameter can be measured by (A) Orifice plate (B) Venturimeter (C) Rotameter (D) Pitot tube

Last Answer : Answer: Option D

Power loss in an orificemeter is __________ that in a Venturimeter. (A) Less than (B) Same as (C) More than (D) Data insufficient, cannot be predicted

Description : Power loss in an orificemeter is __________ that in a Venturimeter. (A) Less than (B) Same as (C) More than (D) Data insufficient, cannot be predicted

Last Answer : (C) More than

With diminishing cross-sectional area in case of subsonic flow in a converging nozzle, the (A) Velocity increases (B) Pressure decreases (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

Description : With diminishing cross-sectional area in case of subsonic flow in a converging nozzle, the (A) Velocity increases (B) Pressure decreases (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) Neither (A) nor (B)

Last Answer : (C) Both (A) & (B)

In case of laminar flow of fluid through a circular pipe, the (A) Shear stress over the cross-section is proportional to the distance from the surface of the pipe (B) Surface of velocity distribution is a paraboloid of revolution, whose volume equals half the volume of circumscribing cylinder (C) Velocity profile varies hyperbolically and the shear stress remains constant over the cross-section (D) Average flow occurs at a radial distance of 0.5 r from the centre of the pipe (r = pipe radius)

Description : In case of laminar flow of fluid through a circular pipe, the (A) Shear stress over the cross-section is proportional to the distance from the surface of the pipe (B) Surface of velocity distribution is a ... occurs at a radial distance of 0.5 r from the centre of the pipe (r = pipe radius)

Last Answer : (B) Surface of velocity distribution is a paraboloid of revolution, whose volume equals half the volume of circumscribing cylinder

A solid material shows case hardening properties while drying. Which of the following should be controlled to control the drying process? (A) Flow rate of inlet air (B) Relative humidity of outlet air (C) Humidity of inlet air (D) Temperature of the solid

Description : A solid material shows case hardening properties while drying. Which of the following should be controlled to control the drying process? (A) Flow rate of inlet air (B) Relative humidity of outlet air (C) Humidity of inlet air (D) Temperature of the solid

Last Answer : (D) Temperature of the solid

In a boundary layer developed along the flow, the pressure decreases in the downstream direction. The boundary layer thickness in this case will (A) Decrease gradually (B) Increase gradually (C) Increase rapidly (D) Remain constant

Description : In a boundary layer developed along the flow, the pressure decreases in the downstream direction. The boundary layer thickness in this case will (A) Decrease gradually (B) Increase gradually (C) Increase rapidly (D) Remain constant

Last Answer : (B) Increase gradually

Pick out the correct statement pertaining to Venturimeter. (A) A Venturimeter with a fixed pressure drop discharges more, when the flow is vertically downward, than when the flow is vertically upward (B) The co-efficient of contraction of a Venturimeter is always unity (C) For a fixed pressure drop, the discharge of a gas through a Venturimeter is greater, when compressibility is taken into account, than when it is neglected (D) None of these

Description : Pick out the correct statement pertaining to Venturimeter. (A) A Venturimeter with a fixed pressure drop discharges more, when the flow is vertically downward, than when the flow is vertically upward (B ... , when compressibility is taken into account, than when it is neglected (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these

Sudden temperature fluctuation does not affect pyrex glass, because of its (A) Low co-efficient of expansion (B) High co-efficient of expansion (C) High melting point (D) Both (B) and (C)

Description : Sudden temperature fluctuation does not affect pyrex glass, because of its (A) Low co-efficient of expansion (B) High co-efficient of expansion (C) High melting point (D) Both (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (A) Low co-efficient of expansion

Pick out the correct statement. (A) For identical gas flow rates, less pressure drop occurs through a plate tower than through a packed tower (B) Plate column can handle greater liquid loads without flooding than packed column, but the liquid hold up is more in the case of plate column (C) For the same duty, plate columns weigh less than packed columns (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Description : Pick out the correct statement. (A) For identical gas flow rates, less pressure drop occurs through a plate tower than through a packed tower (B) Plate column can handle greater liquid loads without flooding than packed ... duty, plate columns weigh less than packed columns (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

In a pressure penstock 4500 m long, water is flowing at a velocity of 4 m/s. If the velocity of the pressure wave traveling in the pipe, due sudden complete closure of a valve at the downstream end, is given as 1500 m/s, what would be the period of oscillation in second under frictionless conditions? (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 11

Description : In a pressure penstock 4500 m long, water is flowing at a velocity of 4 m/s. If the velocity of the pressure wave traveling in the pipe, due sudden complete closure of a valve at the downstream end, is ... period of oscillation in second under frictionless conditions? (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 11

Last Answer : (a) 6

Pick out the wrong statement about cavitation. (A) Sudden reduction of pressure in a fluid flow system caused by flow separation, vortex formation or abrupt closing of valve leads to cavitation (B) Cavitation may be caused due to boiling of liquid by decreasing the pressure resulting in formation & collapse of vapor cavities (C) Cavitation begins at higher static pressure and lower velocity in larger diameter pipelines resulting in audible noise(D) Large scale cavitation cannot damage pipeline, restrict fluid flow anddamage steam turbine blades

Description : Pick out the wrong statement about cavitation. (A) Sudden reduction of pressure in a fluid flow system caused by flow separation, vortex formation or abrupt closing of valve leads to cavitation ... (D) Large scale cavitation cannot damage pipeline, restrict fluid flow and damage steam turbine blades

Last Answer : (D) Large scale cavitation cannot damage pipeline, restrict fluid flow and damage steam turbine blades

In case of end to end connection of two or more pipes in series, the __________ each pipe.(A) Same rate of flow passes through (B) Head loss is same through (C) Rate of flow in each pipe is proportional to the length of (D) Total flow rate is the sum of flow rate in

Description : In case of end to end connection of two or more pipes in series, the __________ each pipe. (A) Same rate of flow passes through (B) Head loss is same through (C) Rate of flow in each pipe is proportional to the length of (D) Total flow rate is the sum of flow rate in

Last Answer : (A) Same rate of flow passes through

When the Venturimeter is inclined, then for a given flow it will show __________ reading. (A) Same (B) More (C) Less (D) None of these

Description : When the Venturimeter is inclined, then for a given flow it will show __________ reading. (A) Same (B) More (C) Less (D) None of these

Last Answer : Answer: Option A

If the length of overland flow from the critical point to the mouth of drain is 13.58 km and difference in level between the critical point and drain mouth is 10 m, the inlet time is A. 2 hours B. 4 hours C. 6 hours D. 8 hours

Description : If the length of overland flow from the critical point to the mouth of drain is 13.58 km and difference in level between the critical point and drain mouth is 10 m, the inlet time is A. 2 hours B. 4 hours C. 6 hours D. 8 hours

Last Answer : ANS: D

In case of a pipe exit fitted with a nozzle, the (A) Conversion of kinetic head to pressure head is facilitated (B) Conversion of pressure head to kinetic head is facilitated (C) Power transmitted through the nozzle is maximum, when the head lost due to friction in the pipe is equal to one third of the total supply head (D) Both (B) and (C)

Description : In case of a pipe exit fitted with a nozzle, the (A) Conversion of kinetic head to pressure head is facilitated (B) Conversion of pressure head to kinetic head is facilitated (C) Power transmitted through the nozzle ... in the pipe is equal to one third of the total supply head (D) Both (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (D) Both (B) and (C)

A this usual rowing rate, Mohit can travel 12 miles downstream in a certain river in 6 hours less than it takes him to travel the same distance upstream. But if he could double his usual rowing rate for his 24 miles round trip, the downstream 12 miles would then take only one hour less than the upstream 12 miles. What is the speed of the current in miles per hour? A.2.5m/hr B.4 m/hr C.8/3 m/hr D. 5/3m/hr

Description : A this usual rowing rate, Mohit can travel 12 miles downstream in a certain river in 6 hours less than it takes him to travel the same distance upstream. But if he could double his usual rowing rate for his 24 miles round trip, ... current in miles per hour? A.2.5m/hr B.4 m/hr C.8/3 m/hr D. 5/3m/hr

Last Answer : Answer-C Basic Formula: Speed of the stream = ½ (a-b) km/hr Explanation: Let the speed in still water be x m/hr Speed of stream be y m/hr Then, speed upstream = x-y m/hr and Speed downstream = x+y m/hr 12/x-y - ... 1] 3y^2 = 8 y so, y = 8/3 speed of the current = 8/3 m/hr = 2 (2/3) m/hr

Thanu can travel 24 miles downstream in a certain river in 12hrs less than it takes him to travel the same distance upstream. But if he could double his usual rowing rate for his 48 mile round trip, the downstream 24 miles would then take only 2hr less than the upstream 24miles. What is the speed of the current in miles per hour? A) 2 / 3 miles/hr B) 8 / 3 miles/hr C) 7 / 5 miles/hr D) 3 / 5 miles/hr

Description : Thanu can travel 24 miles downstream in a certain river in 12hrs less than it takes him to travel the same distance upstream. But if he could double his usual rowing rate for his 48 mile round trip, the downstream 24 miles would ... 3 miles/hr B) 8 / 3 miles/hr C) 7 / 5 miles/hr D) 3 / 5 miles/hr 

Last Answer : ANSWER : B 

The effect of friction on the flow of steam through a nozzle is to decrease the __________ of steam. (A) Wetness (B) Mass flow rate (C) Both 'a' & 'b' (D) Neither 'a' nor 'b'

Description : The effect of friction on the flow of steam through a nozzle is to decrease the __________ of steam. (A) Wetness (B) Mass flow rate (C) Both 'a' & 'b' (D) Neither 'a' nor 'b'

Last Answer : (C) Both 'a' & 'b'

Why is the physical length of a coaxial cable transmission line shorter than its electrical length?A. Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable B. RF energy moves slower along the coaxial cable C. The surge impedance is higher in the parallel feed line D. The characteristic impedance is higher in the parallel feed line

Description : Why is the physical length of a coaxial cable transmission line shorter than its electrical length? A. Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable B. RF energy moves slower along the ... higher in the parallel feed line D. The characteristic impedance is higher in the parallel feed line

Last Answer : B. RF energy moves slower along the coaxial cable

Convective heat transfer co-efficient in case of fluid flowing in tubes is not affected by the tube length/diameter ratio, if the flow is in the __________ zone. (A) Laminar (B) Transition (C) Both 'a' & 'b' (D) Highly turbulent

Description : Convective heat transfer co-efficient in case of fluid flowing in tubes is not affected by the tube length/diameter ratio, if the flow is in the __________ zone. (A) Laminar (B) Transition (C) Both 'a' & 'b' (D) Highly turbulent

Last Answer : (D) Highly turbulent

Two piping system are said to be equivalent, when the __________ are same. (A) Fluid flow rate & friction loss (B) Length & friction factor (C) Diameter & friction factor (D) Length & diameter

Description : Two piping system are said to be equivalent, when the __________ are same. (A) Fluid flow rate & friction loss (B) Length & friction factor (C) Diameter & friction factor (D) Length & diameter

Last Answer : (A) Fluid flow rate & friction loss

Momentum correction factor used in fluid flow problems accounts for the (A) Change in direction of flow (B) Change in total energy (C) Change in pressure (D) Non uniform direction of velocities at inlet & outlet sections

Description : Momentum correction factor used in fluid flow problems accounts for the (A) Change in direction of flow (B) Change in total energy (C) Change in pressure (D) Non uniform direction of velocities at inlet & outlet sections

Last Answer : (D) Non uniform direction of velocities at inlet & outlet sections

The peripheral velocity at inlet of a centrifugal pump having inlet diameter of 25 cms and rotating at 950 rpm is __________ m/sec. (A) 1.8 (B) 12.4 (C) 186.2 (D) 736.4

Description : The peripheral velocity at inlet of a centrifugal pump having inlet diameter of 25 cms and rotating at 950 rpm is __________ m/sec. (A) 1.8 (B) 12.4 (C) 186.2 (D) 736.4

Last Answer : (B) 12.4

Dust collection efficiency of a cyclone separator depends upon its (A) Diameter (B) Inlet gas velocity (C) Overall height (D) All (A), (B) & (C)

Description : Dust collection efficiency of a cyclone separator depends upon its (A) Diameter (B) Inlet gas velocity (C) Overall height (D) All (A), (B) & (C)

Last Answer : (D) All (A), (B) & (C)