requirements of a distribution system

1 Answer

Answer :

Following requirements of a distribution system. 

1. Layout should be simple in design.

2. It should have less initial cost

3. The distribution system should have minimum distribution losses.

4. Voltage drop in distribution system should be less and within permissible limit ( +- 6%).

5. From safety point of view distribution system should maintain proper clearances.

6. The rating of distribution transformer & cross section of conductor should be proportional to result of load densities present & future.

7. Power should be available to consumers whenever needed.

8. A steady, non-fluctuating, quality supply (Pure sine wave) should be available to consumers.

9. Distribution system should not be over loaded.

10. Distribution system should have high reliability to maintain supply.

11. Distribution system lay out should not affect the appearance of locality.

12. Before installation of distribution system proposed widening of the road in the near future are to be kept in mind

13. It should have low, easy, less costly & less time consuming maintenance.

14. Fault on nearest distribution system should not affect stability of existing distribution system.

15. Time required for completion of work should be less. 

Related questions

Description : Why radial distribution system used for short distance ? 

Last Answer : Because of following disadvantages radial distribution system is not used for long distance:  Since there is only one feeder to DTC feed at one point so, 1) There is no reliability ... more time for fault finding & repairing Hence radial distribution system is used for short distance.

Description : The permissible voltage variation in transmission and distribution system is:  (A) ± 0.1% (B) ± 1% (C) ±10% (D) ± 25%

Last Answer : The permissible voltage variation in transmission and distribution system is: ±10%

Description : Grid distribution system

Last Answer : Grid distribution system:-  In this system, when the feeder or loop or ring is charged (energized) by two or more than two substations from two or more than two different generating stations then it is known as “Grid distribution system. In this system only one feeder is utilized at a time. 

Description : Define: primary and secondary distribution system 

Last Answer : i) Primary Distribution:  It is a 3-phase, 3-wire transmission line connected in between receiving substation to Distribution substation. OR It is link between receiving substation & ... substation to consumer line. OR It is link between distribution transformer substation & consumer. 

Description : State the losses in secondary distribution system. 

Last Answer : The losses in secondary distribution system: a) Technical losses: 1. Due to poor voltage 2. Due to unbalance load 3. Due poor quality of transformer & its components 4. Due to poor quality ... of induction type of energy meter. 3. Lack of administration. 4. Energy theft 5. Unmetered supply

Description : Explain following techniques related to energy conservation in transmission and distribution system. (i) By balancing phase currents (ii) Variable technical losses (I2R losses).

Last Answer : (i) Balancing Phase currents: Proper (healthy balanced) three phase loads always draw equal currents in all lines but single phase loads in the 3 phase 4 wire system or loads connected between two ... . 11) Minimize I2R losses. 12) Balance the load currents. 13) Regulate the system voltages.

Description : The main criterion for selection of the size of a radial distribution system is

Last Answer : The main criterion for selection of the size of a radial distribution system is voltage drop

Last Answer : In a distribution system, in order to improve power factor, the synchronous capacitors are installed at the receiving end.

Description : State the classification of distribution substation. 

Last Answer : The classification of distribution substation. 1. Pole mounted distribution substation 2. Plinth mounted distribution substation 3. Compact/prefabricated distribution substation 4. ... Indoor distribution substation 6. Outdoor distribution substation 7. Mobile distribution substation 

Description : Advantages of Grid distribution scheme

Last Answer : Advantages of Grid distribution scheme 1. Supply to distribution transformer center is given through two different generating stations or major generating stations 2. It has highest reliability to ... highest reliability to maintain supply even when there was maintenance on any one feeder. 

Description :  different types of distribution scheme.  

Last Answer : According to scheme of connection: -  a) Radial (Tree) distribution system  b) Ring mains (Loop) distribution system  c) Grid (interconnected) distribution system OR Types of ... distribution system  b) Ring mains (Loop) distribution system  c) Grid (interconnected) distribution system

Description : comparison between Feeder and Distribution

Last Answer : Sr.No Feeder Distributor 1 It is link between receiving substation & distribution transformer   It is link between distribution transformer substation & consumer  2 ... loading point is at substation only   Distributors loading point is throughout its length. 

Description : Write selection criteria of distribution transformer with any four points.

Last Answer : Selection Criteria for Distribution Transformer:  i) Ratings - The kVA ratings should comply with IS:2026 ( Part l )-1977*. The noload secondary voltage should be 433 volts for transformers to be ... is not necessary. vi) Cooling - The transformers covered in this group are generally ONAN, AN

Description : Explain with schematic diagram direct distribution of solar energy.

Last Answer : Explain with schematic diagram direct distribution of solar energy: Solar energy reaching earth's surface consists of two components: i) Direct solar energy, ii) Diffused solar energy. Direct solar energy ... radiation. It is very intense radiation and it can produce sun burns and shadows.

Description : TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION MCQ

Last Answer : 51. It is difficult to maintain oil filled cables. (a) Yes (b) No Ans: a 51. In capacitance grading a homogeneous dielectric is used. (a) Yes (b) No Ans: b 52. In congested areas where excavation is ... The metallic sheath may be made of lead or lead alloy or of aluminium. (a) Yes (b) No Ans: b

Description : Distribution Boards –

Last Answer : Ans. a. Sub & Main Distribution Boards b. Schedule Maintenance.

Description : State the condition for selecting site for distribution substation. 

Last Answer : Following condition should be considered while selecting site for distribution sub-station:-  1. Near load center :  Sub-station should be located near load center to reduce cost of Transmission and ... free from earthquake :  To avoid damage to sub-station area should be free earth quake. 

Description : The skin effect in conductors is due to non uniform distribution of current in it and major portion of current is near the _______ of conductor.  (1) Surface (2) Center (3) Complete cross section area (4) Axis

Last Answer : The skin effect in conductors is due to non uniform distribution of current in it and major portion of current is near the Surface of conductor. 

Description : Precise control of reactive current flow entering the transmission and distribution systems can be minimized by using (A) synchronous condenser (B) static VAR capacitor (C) capacitor bank (D) thyristor switched reactor in parallel with capacitor

Last Answer : Precise control of reactive current flow entering the transmission and distribution systems can be minimized by using (A) synchronous condenser (B) static VAR capacitor (C) capacitor bank (D) thyristor switched reactor in parallel with capacitor

Last Answer : Service mains are the conductors, which connect the consumer's terminals to the distribution.

Last Answer : In a power or distribution transformer about 10 percent end turns are heavily insulated to withstand the high voltage drop due to line surge produced by the shunting capacitance of the end turns.

Description : characteristics of Hi-Fi amplifier system.

Last Answer : Characteristics of HI-FI amplifier: 1. Signal to noise ratio should be better than 50dB. 2. Frequency response should be flat within +-1dB. 3. Nonlinear distortion should not be more ... provided. 6. Environmental conditions should be such as to eliminate the external noise in listening room. 

Description : DTH System

Last Answer : Outdoor unit: It consists of a receiving antenna, low noise amplifier & converter the receiving antenna is parabolic reflector with a horn as the active element. The horn can be ... fed to the normal domestic TV receiver, which after due processing reproduces picture & sound. 

Description : Describe the function of MUSE system for HDTV.

Last Answer : Bandwidth can be reduced by MUSE (Multiple Sub -Nyquist Sampling Encoding) system MUSE stands for Multiple Sub-Nyquist sampling encoding and is an HDTV bandwidth compression schemedeveloped by ... digital Audio system is called DANCE (Digital Audio Near-Instantaneous Compression and expansion). 

Description : vertical deflection system and explain its operation.

Last Answer : The main function of the vertical deflection system , is to provide an amplified signal of proper level to derive the vertical deflection plates without any distortion. For amplification of the ... suppression, reduced nonlinear effects because none of the plates are at ground potential.

Description : Working of Simple Vapor absorption system

Last Answer : Working of Simple Vapor absorption system:  A Simple Vapor absorption system consists of evaporator, absorber, generator, condenser, expansion valve, pump & reducing valve. In this system ammonia ... where there is scarcity of Electricity and it is very useful at partial and full load. 

Description : Draw block diagram of CNC system and state function of each block.

Last Answer : (i) Input Devices: These are the devices which are used to input the part program in the CNC machine. There are three commonly used input devices and these are punch tape reader, magnetic ... Unit: A monitor is used to display the programs, commands and other useful data of CNC machine. 

Description : Write four advantages of FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System).

Last Answer : 1. Large variety of same products 2. Profitable investment. 3. Requires limited inventory. 4. Low labor cost. 5. Flexible system. 6. Speedy production. 7. Improve product quality. 

Description : List and explain the components of a hydraulic system.

Last Answer : Components Hydraulic: Hydraulic pump- Supply fluid to the components in the system. Pressure in the system develops in reaction to the load. Hence, a pump rated for 5,000 ... mechanical components and need to be removed along with other contaminants.  Seals, fittings and connections.

Description : Explain how MEMS accelerometer is used as airbag sensor for car system.

Last Answer : MEMS Accelerometer is used as airbag sensor: Mechanical ignition airbags fit inside the steering wheel pad. When a collision occurs, the inertial sensor moves, setting off a ... the airbag with wiring. This is especially effective when fitting both driver- and passenger-side airbags.

Description : What are advantages and disadvantages of Mechatronics system? 

Last Answer : Advantages of Mechatronics system:  High level of integration.  Increased functionality and better design.  More use of electronics and software instead of mechanical function.  Assumes ... Its replacement is difficult, that it is difficult to change old system to new system. 

Description : Explain in brief how anti-lock braking system works

Last Answer : An ABS is a system on motor vehicles which prevents the wheels from locking while braking stopping safely is one of the most important functions a motor vehicle can perform. Diagram: ... to decrease the pressure on the braking circuit, effectively reducing the braking force on that wheel.

Description : Differentiate between pneumatic and hydraulic system. 

Last Answer : Pneumatic System Hydraulic System 1 Pneumatic system uses gas for power transmission, after compression and it is used as medium for carrying out mechanical work. ... : In industrial applications, air conditioners Applications: In petrochemical industries, oil refineries.

Description : Explain the Mechatronics system with the help of block diagram and labeled the various elements. 

Last Answer : The key elements of Mechatronics systems can be classified under following categories:  Information systems  Mechanical systems  Electrical systems  Computer systems  Sensor and actuators  ... is adjusted based on generated error and again signal is given to actuators and sensors.

Description : Describe the procedure for working of paging system.

Last Answer : Pager is a Simplex Communication Device. Paging Systems are communication systems that send messages to a subscriber. Message can be numeric or alphanumeric. Paging Systems are used to notify a subscriber ... message is sent by sender to his pager and the message will be displayed in the LCD.

Description : State the need of modulation in communication system.

Last Answer : Need of modulation:- 1. To reduce the height of antenna 2. To avoids mixing of signals 3. To increases the range of communication 4. To make multiplexing of maximum signal is possible 5. To improve the quality of reception

Description : Why solar system is preferred now a days ? Justify your answer. 

Last Answer : Since availability of fossil fuels like coal are limited in future so there is more importance of solar power in the energy deficient because of following advantages of solar power Fuel is ... .  10. solar system technology are ideally suited to distributed applications ( Decentralized system)

Description : Draw and explain integrated duration curve used in system operation. 

Last Answer : Diagram of integrated duration curve used in system operation: Explanation:  Integrated duration curve is obtained from load duration curve. It is drawn in between load on Y-axis in KW/MW and the X- ... a particular time of a day can also be shown on a curve which is called as mass curve. 

Description : Define measurement and state the significance of electrical measurement system.

Last Answer : Measurement: Measurement is essentially a process in which magnitude of a quantity is determined in comparison with another similar quantity with significant units. OR The measurement of a given ... x) The measurement conforms the validity of hypothesis and also adds to its understanding.

Description : State two advantages of digital system over analog system.

Last Answer : 1. They are less susceptible to noise. 2. The effect of fluctuation in the characteristic of the components, ageing of components etc. is very small in digital circuits. 3. Digital circuits have capability of memory which makes them suitable for computers. 4. More accurate.

Description : What are the disadvantages of Open loop control system?

Last Answer : Open loop control system are less reliable. In open loop control system Optimization is not possible. Open loop control system are less accurate.

Description : Draw block diagram of instrumentation system. State function.

Last Answer : Primary transducer: The sensor which comes in contact with the measurement medium to sense the quantity. Variable conversion element: the transducer which converts the sensor ... transmitted through suitable transmission medium to the operator or presented with the help of indicators.

Description : State the functions of fuel system and exhaust system of a diesel power station.

Last Answer : Fuel system: It supplies fuel to engine for combustion purpose. It consists of Fuel Pump: - It supplies fuel to engine for combustion purpose. Strainer: - Are provided to remove suspended impurities and ... most of the noise. Chimney:- To exhaust gases in the atmosphere as high as possible. 

Description : Draw the block diagram of basic wind energy conversion system and write function of each block. 

Last Answer : Block diagram of basic wind energy conversion system: OR Components of wind power plant and their functions:  1) Rotor /Blade/Aero-turbine: Blade extracts significant power from the ... stronger and smoother. Towers are supports to raise the main part of the turbine up in the air.

Description : Explain starting system in diesel electric power plant.

Last Answer : Starting system in Diesel Electric Power Plant: It includes Storage battery, compressed air tanks, self-starter etc. The purpose of engine starting system is to rotate the engine initially while ... as Ammeters, Voltmeters, Wattmeters, Thermometers, Pressure gauges, Visible and audible alarm etc.

Description : Explain fuel system and air intake system in diesel electric power plant.

Last Answer : Fuel system and air intake system in diesel electric power plant :  Fuel system: It consists of storage tank, strainers, fuel transfer pump and all day fuel tank. The fuel oil is supplied ... Filters are provided to remove dust particles from air which may act as abrasive in the engine cylinder.

Description : State any four advantages of interconnected system.

Last Answer : Advantages of interconnected Systems: i) Reduced Overall installed Capacity: Inter connected power systems reduce the overall requirement of installed capacity for a given load area. With ... to interconnection, there is optimum utilization of available natural resources in the country.

Description : State the functions of following elements: i) Diesel engine system ii) Air intake system iii) Engine exhaust system iv) Engine starting system.

Last Answer : i) Diesel engine system:-  Four strokes Two strokes ii) Air intake system:- Air intake system is provided to supply air to engine cylinder for fuel combustion.  iii) Engine exhaust system ... provided to rotate the engine initially until the firing starts and engine run under its own power. 

Description : What is the choice of size and number of generator units in interconnected power system?

Last Answer : Choice of Size and Number of Generating Units: 1. The size/rating and number of generating units in such way that they approximately match with the load curve as closely as possible. 2. In ... , if power plant is connected to grid system then generating unit of higher capacity can be installed.

Description : Explain significance and purpose of electrical measurement system.

Last Answer : ➢ Significance of Electrical Measurement System  1. The measurement is required for measurement of all physical quantities for e.g speed, velocity, temperature, pressure etc.  2. All electrical ... 4. These standards and references may changes time to time, area to area person to person