Description : Respiratory alkalosis is caused by (A) An increase in carbonic acid fraction (B) A decrease in bicarbonic fraction (C) A decrease in the carbonic acid fraction (D) An increase in bicarbonate fraction
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of ... of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.
Last Answer : Answer: CE DISCUSSION: Renal compensation for acute hypoventilation is relatively slow. Depression of the respiratory center by morphine can lead to respiratory acidosis. Renal retention of bicarbonate, ... into red cells combine to increase the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid to 20:1
Description : The initial event in respiratory acidosis is (A) Decrease in pH (B) Increase in pCO2 (C) Increase in plasma bicarbonate (D) Decrease in plasma bicarbonate
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : If the body experiences acidosis the respiratory center located in the medulla gets the information and induces the increase of the respiratory frequency. The increment of the respiratory frequency makes the ... of bicarbonate towards the spending of more hydrogen ions and thus the blood pH raises.
Last Answer : How does the breathing process correct alkalosis?
Description : Blood chemistry shows the following changes in compensated respiratory acidosis: (A) Increased pCO2 (B) Increased bicarbonate (C) Decreased chloride (D) All of these
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Respiratory acidosis results from (A) Retention of carbon dioxide (B) Excessive elimination of carbon dioxide (C) Retention of bicarbonate (D) Excessive elimination of bicarbonate
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Plasma bicarbonate is increased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Respiratory acidosis (D) Metabolic acidosis
Description : Plasma bicarbonate is decreased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Metabolic acidosis
Description : A young child presents with respiratory distress, worsening over 2 days. Blood gases show a pH of 7.25, a PCO2 of 7.5kPa, a PO2 of 8.5kPa, and a base excess of -4. Which of the ... required. 4) Results are consistent with late severe asthma. 5) Bicarbonate may be necessary to correct the acidosis.
Last Answer : Answers-4 In interpreting blood gas results, the following sequence may be useful: Inspect the pH: Is it low, normal or high? Inspect the CO2: Is it low, normal or high? Inspect the PO2: Is ... excess and normal pH. Bicarbonate is usually only considered if the base deficit exceeds about -8 or 00.
Description : The primary event in respiratory alkalosis is (A) Rise in pH (B) Decrease in pCO2 (C) Increase in plasma bicarbonate (D) Decrease in plasma chloride
Description : Quantitatively, the most significant buffer system in plasma is (A) Phosphate buffer system (B) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system (C) Lactic acid-lactate buffer system (D) Protein buffer system
Description : Chloride shift is (A) H ions leaving the RBC in exchange of Cl- (B) Cl– leaving the RBC in exchange of bicarbonate (C) Bicarbonate ion returns to plasma and exchanged with chloride which shifts into the cell (D) Carbonic acid to the plasma
Description : Important buffer system of extracellular fluid is (A) Bicarbonate/carbonic acid (B) Disodium hydrogen phosphate/sodium dihydrogen phosphate (C) Plasma proteins (D) Organic Phosphate
Description : At the pH of blood 7.4, the ratio between the carbonic acid and bicarbonate fractions is (A) 1 : 10 (B) 1 : 20 (C) 1 : 30 (D) 1 : 40
Description : Respiratory acidosis occurs in (A) Any disease which impairs respiration like emphysema (B) Renal disease (C) Poisoning by an acid (D) Pyloric stenosis
Description : All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased
Description : All the following features are found in blood chemistry in uncompensated lactic acidosis except (A) pH is decreased (B) Bicarbonate is decreased (C) pCO2 is normal (D) Anion gap is normal
Description : Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective ... 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+
Last Answer : Answers-2 H+ secretion, sodium reabsorption and ammonia production diminishes. RTA 4 is in effect hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism or failure of aldosterone action and thus helped treated with ... particularly. Aminoaciduria and increased urine bicarbonate are features of RTA types 1 and 2.
Description : Respiratory acidosis is that in which the blood pH is low due to increased retention of carbon dioxide caused by the lowering of the respiratory frequency or by pulmonary diseases that impair ... caused by metabolic disturbances that increase the concentration of bases (alkalis) in the blood.
Last Answer : Where are the chemoreceptors that detect the acidity of the blood and trigger the respiratory compensation located?
Description : The acid which fails to liberate carbon dioxide from sodium bicarbonate is : (1) Acetic acid (2) Formic acid (3) Carbonic acid (4) Sulphuric acid
Last Answer : (4) Sulphuric acid Explanation: Sodium bicarbonate and organic acid (Formic acid, Acetic acid, Carbonic acid, etc) react vigorously to liberate carbon dioxide. For example, Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) when treated with acetic acid reacts vigorously to liberate carbon dioxide.
Description : The carbon dioxide is transported via blood to lungs mostly (a) in combination with haemoglobin only (b) dissolved in blood plasma (c) in the form of bicarbonate ions (d) as carbamino-haemoglobin and as carbonic acid.
Last Answer : (c) in the form of bicarbonate ions
Last Answer : Sulphuric acid
Description : Name the chronic respiratory disorder caused mainly by cigarette smoking. (a) Respiratory acidosis (b) Respiratory alkalosis (c) Emphysema (d) Asthma
Last Answer : (c) Emphysema
Description : Select the diuretic which is orally active, efficacious in acidosis as well as alkalosis, causes diuresis even in renal failure and has additional carbonic anhydrase inhibitory action: A. Mannitol B. Benzthiazide C. Indapamide D. Furosemide
Last Answer : D. Furosemide
Description : In patients receiving massive blood transfusion for acute blood loss, which of the following is/are correct? A. Packed red blood cells and crystalloid solution should be infused to restore oxygen ... should be administered with every 5 units of packed red blood cells to avoid hypocalcemia.
Last Answer : Answer: A DISCUSSION: Patients who are suffering from acute blood loss require crystalloid resuscitation as the initial maneuver to restore intravascular volume and re-establish vital signs. If 2 to 3 liters ... when the infusion of blood proceeds at a rate exceeding 1 to 2 units every 5 minutes
Description : Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis
Description : Respiratory acidosis can occur in all of the following except (A) Pulmonary oedema (B) Hysterical hyperventilation (C) Pneumothorax (D) Emphysema
Description : Hypercholremia is associated with (A) Hyponatremia (B) Hypernatremia (C) Metabolic alkalosis(D) Respiratory acidosis
Description : Salicylate poisoning in early stages causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis
Description : Morphine poisoning causes (A) Metabolic acidosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis
Description : Meningitis and encephalitis cause (A) Metabolic alkalosis (B) Respiratory alkalosis (C) Metabolic acidosis (D) Respiratory acidosis
Description : Total CO2 is increased in (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Both respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis
Description : Hypoglycemia depresses insulin secretion and thus increases the rate of (A) Hydrolysis (B) Reduction (C) Gluconeogenesis (D) Respiratory acidosis
Description : With regard to the transport of carbon dioxide in blood: a. 25% of carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood b. carbonic anhydrase is found in plasma c. 50% of carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonate d. deoxygenated haemoglobin facilitates the transport of carbon dioxide
Last Answer : deoxygenated haemoglobin facilitates the transport of carbon dioxide
Description : During compensation of respiratory alkalosis, all the following changes occur except (A) Decreased secretion of hydrogen ions by renal tubules (B) Increased excretion of sodium in urine (C) Increased excretion of bicarbonate in urine (D) Increased excretion of ammonia in urine
Description : A 45-year-old solicitor had an onset of severe, crushing, substernal chest pain while attending a football match. He collapsed on his way to the car. Bystander Cardiorespiratory Resuscitation ... His oxyhemoglobin curve is shifted to the left 5) His pulmonary artery pressure is probably elevated
Last Answer : Answers-5 This young patient with severe central chest pain has probably arrested due to myocardial infarction and arrhythmia. His gases reveal high PO2 following 100% O2 but severe acidosis ... no left to right shunting and high pulmonary pressures would be expected after this arrest scenario.
Description : Which of the following may precipitate an asthma attack? (a) Respiratory acidosis (b) Viran and bacterial infections (c) Respiratory alkalosis (d) Cranberry jiuce (e) Chocolate or Coca Cola
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : The toxicity spectrum of aspirin does not include (a) Increased risk of encephalopathy in children with viral infections (b) Increased risk of peptic ulcers (c) Hyperprothrombinemia (d) Metabolic acidosis (e) Respiratory alkalosis
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : Which one of the following effects does not occur in salicylate intoxication ? (a) Hyperventilation (b) Hypothemia (c) Metabolic acidosis (d) Respiratory alkalosis (e) Tinnitus
Description : Respiratory acidosis?
Last Answer : DefinitionRespiratory acidosis is a condition that occurs when the lungs cannot remove all of the carbon dioxide the body produces. This disrupts the body's acid-base balance causing body ... deflateDrugs that suppress breathing (including powerful pain medicines, such as narcotics, and "downers,
Description : The oxygen dissociation curve is shifted to the right with: a. polycythaemia b. pyrexia c. respiratory acidosis d. sickle cell anaemia
Last Answer : pyrexia
Description : Metabolic effects that generally attend antiinflammatory doses of aspirin include the following except: A. Increased CO2 production B. Hepatic glycogen depletion C. Metabolic acidosis D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis
Last Answer : C. Metabolic acidosis
Description : Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Pneumonia (B) Prolonged starvation (C) Intestinal obstruction (D) Bulbar polio
Description : Metabolic acidosis is caused in (A) Uncontrolled diabetes with ketosis (B) Pneumonia (C) Intestinal Obstruction (D) Hepatic coma
Description : Concentration of carbonic acid does not increase in blood due to the presence of
Last Answer : Concentration of carbonic acid does not increase in blood due to the presence of A. `Na^(+)` B. `Mg^(2+)` C. `Ca^(2+)` D. `K^(+)`
Description : The need to produce concentrated urine is detected in the brain is due to the increase in the concentration of (a) Glucose in the blood (b) K+ in the blood (c) Na+ in the blood (d) Carbonic acid in the blood
Last Answer : Ans:(c)
Description : Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea
Description : A 73 year old male presented with an acute attack of gout in his left knee. What is the most likely underlying metabolic cause? 1) decreased renal excretion of uric acid 2) endogenous overproduction of uric acid 3) excessive dietary purine intake 4) lactic acidosis 5) starvation
Last Answer : Answers-1 The aetiology of gout can broadly be divided into cases where there is underexcretion of urate via the kidney (90%) or endogenous overproduction of uric acid (10%) although in practical ... diuretic use. Excessive dietary intake of purines is unlikely to be the main cause in this case.
Description : Which of the following concerning the pH of urine is correct? 1) is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of the blood 2) rises on a vegetarian diet 3) is determined by the concentration of ... lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis 5) would be above 7.0 after prolonged and severe vomiting
Last Answer : Answers-2 c - excretion of ammonium occurs when an acid urine is produced but the pH of urine is of course determined by the concentration of H+ ions d-unable to lower the pH to ... and distal nephron and this perpetuates the metabolic alkalosis until the fluid balance is restored with IV fluids.
Description : If the body undergoes alkalosis the respiratory center located in the medulla gets the information and induces the lowering of the respiratory frequency. The reduction of the respiratory frequency makes ... of bicarbonate towards the production of more hydrogen ions and thus the blood pH lowers.
Last Answer : What is the difference between respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis and what is the difference between respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis?