Choose the correct statement about the action of nitrates on coronary vessels (a) They mitigate angina pectoris by increasing total coronary flow (b) They preferentially dilate conducting arteries without affecting resistance arterioles (c) They preferentially dilate autoregulatory arterioles without affecting the larger arteries (d) They increase subepicardial blood flow without affecting subendocardial blood flow

Choose the correct statement about the action of nitrates on coronary vessels (a) They mitigate angina pectoris by increasing total coronary flow (b) They preferentially dilate conducting arteries without affecting resistance arterioles (c) They preferentially dilate autoregulatory arterioles without affecting the larger arteries (d) They increase subepicardial blood flow without affecting subendocardial blood flow
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Choose the correct statement about the action of nitrates on coronary vessels: A. They mitigate angina pectoris by increasing total coronary flow B. They preferentially dilate conducting arteries without affecting resistance arterioles C. They preferentially dilate autoregulatory arterioles without affecting the larger arteries D. They increase subepicardial blood flow without affecting subendocardial blood flow

Description : Choose the correct statement about the action of nitrates on coronary vessels: A. They mitigate angina pectoris by increasing total coronary flow B. They preferentially dilate conducting ... the larger arteries D. They increase subepicardial blood flow without affecting subendocardial blood flow

Last Answer : B. They preferentially dilate conducting arteries without affecting resistance arterioles

A drug which preferentially dilates autoregulatory coronary arterioles with little effect on large conducting vessels is likely to: A. Evoke coronary steal phenomenon B. Mitigate classical angina but not variant angina C. Decrease total coronary blood flow in healthy subjects D. Avert ECG changes of ischaemia

Description : A drug which preferentially dilates autoregulatory coronary arterioles with little effect on large conducting vessels is likely to: A. Evoke coronary steal phenomenon B. Mitigate classical angina but not ... . Decrease total coronary blood flow in healthy subjects D. Avert ECG changes of ischaemia

Last Answer : A. Evoke coronary steal phenomenon

Major beneficial effect of nitrates in classical angina is due to (a) Dilation of veins more than arteries (b) Increase in total coronary blood flow (c) An increase in the end diastolic size of the heart (d) An increase in the heart rate

Description : Major beneficial effect of nitrates in classical angina is due to (a) Dilation of veins more than arteries (b) Increase in total coronary blood flow (c) An increase in the end diastolic size of the heart (d) An increase in the heart rate

Last Answer : Ans: A

Though nitrates and calcium channel blockers are both vasodilators, they are used concurrently in angina pectoris because (a) They antagonize each other’s side effects (b) Nitrates primarily reduce preload while calcium channel blockers primarily reduce after load (c) Nitrates increase coronary flow while calcium (d) Both (b) and (c)

Description : Though nitrates and calcium channel blockers are both vasodilators, they are used concurrently in angina pectoris because (a) They antagonize each other's side effects (b) Nitrates primarily reduce preload while calcium ... load (c) Nitrates increase coronary flow while calcium (d) Both (b) and (c)

Last Answer : Ans: B

The primary mechanism of beneficial effect of glyceryl trinitrate in classical angina pectoris is (a) Increase in total coronary blood flow (b) Redistribution of coronary blood flow (c) Reduction of cardiac preload (d) Reduction of cardiac after load

Description : The primary mechanism of beneficial effect of glyceryl trinitrate in classical angina pectoris is (a) Increase in total coronary blood flow (b) Redistribution of coronary blood flow (c) Reduction of cardiac preload (d) Reduction of cardiac after load

Last Answer : Ans: C

Though nitrates and calcium channel blockers are both vasodilators, they are used concurrently in angina pectoris, because: A. They antagonise each other’s side effects B. Nitrates primarily reduce preload while calcium channel blockers primarily reduce after-load C. Nitrates increase coronary flow while calcium channel blockers reduce ca

Description : Though nitrates and calcium channel blockers are both vasodilators, they are used concurrently in angina pectoris, because: A. They antagonise each other's side effects B. Nitrates primarily ... primarily reduce after-load C. Nitrates increase coronary flow while calcium channel blockers reduce ca

Last Answer : B. Nitrates primarily reduce preload while calcium channel blockers primarily reduce after-load

Aspirin in small doses (50 to 150 mg per day) (a) Is of benefit in patients of unstable angina (b) Has thrombolytic action (c) PREFerentially inhibits prostacyclin synthetase enzyme (d) MAY Alleviate need for Verapamil in variant angina

Description : Aspirin in small doses (50 to 150 mg per day) (a) Is of benefit in patients of unstable angina (b) Has thrombolytic action (c) PREFerentially inhibits prostacyclin synthetase enzyme (d) MAY Alleviate need for Verapamil in variant angina

Last Answer : Ans: A

Regarding verapamil, which one of the following statements is false? (a) Angina pectoris is an important indication for the use of verapamil (b) Contraindicated in the asthmatic patient (c) Relaxes vascular smooth muscle (d) Slows the depolarization phase of the action potential in AV nodal cells (e) Used in management of supraventricular tachycardias

Description : Regarding verapamil, which one of the following statements is false? (a) Angina pectoris is an important indication for the use of verapamil (b) Contraindicated in the asthmatic patient (c) ... phase of the action potential in AV nodal cells (e) Used in management of supraventricular tachycardias

Last Answer : Ans: B

Which of the following agents used in prinzmetal’s angina has spasmolytic actions, which increase coronary blood supply? (a) Nitroglycerin (b) Nifedipine (c) Timolol (d) Isosorbide mononitrate (e) Propranolol

Description : Which of the following agents used in prinzmetal’s angina has spasmolytic actions, which increase coronary blood supply? (a) Nitroglycerin (b) Nifedipine (c) Timolol (d) Isosorbide mononitrate (e) Propranolol

Last Answer : Ans: B

The primary mechanism of beneficial effect of glyceryl trinitrate in classical angina pectoris is: A. Increase in total coronary blood flow B. Redistribution of coronary blood flow C. Reduction of cardiac preload D. Reduction of cardiac afterload

Description : The primary mechanism of beneficial effect of glyceryl trinitrate in classical angina pectoris is: A. Increase in total coronary blood flow B. Redistribution of coronary blood flow C. Reduction of cardiac preload D. Reduction of cardiac afterload

Last Answer : C. Reduction of cardiac preload

The agent given sublingually in an acute attack of angina pectoris is (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Amyl nitrite (c) Erythrital tetranitrate (d) Pentaerythritol tetranitrate

Description : The agent given sublingually in an acute attack of angina pectoris is (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Amyl nitrite (c) Erythrital tetranitrate (d) Pentaerythritol tetranitrate

Last Answer : Ans: A

Propranolol should not be prescribed for a patient of angina pectoris who is already receiving (a) Nifedipine (b) Felodipine (c) Verapamil (d) Isosorbide mononitrate

Description : Propranolol should not be prescribed for a patient of angina pectoris who is already receiving (a) Nifedipine (b) Felodipine (c) Verapamil (d) Isosorbide mononitrate

Last Answer : Ans: C

A patient suffers from spisodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from (a) Angina pectoris (b) Biliary colic (c) Esophageal spasm (d) All of the above

Description : A patient suffers from spisodic pain diffusely localized over the chest and upper abdomen, which is relieved by sublingual glyceryl trinitrate. He could be suffering from (a) Angina pectoris (b) Biliary colic (c) Esophageal spasm (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: D

The following drug is used to reduce the frequency of angina pectoris as well as to terminate an acute attack (a) Digoxin (b) Furosemide (c) Enalapril (d) Amrinone

Description : The following drug is used to reduce the frequency of angina pectoris as well as to terminate an acute attack (a) Digoxin (b) Furosemide (c) Enalapril (d) Amrinone

Last Answer : Ans: A

In case of acute pain of angina pectoris the most effective treatment would be to administer (a) Mannitol hexanitrate (b) Erythrityl tetranitrate (c) Sodium nitrate (d) Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (e) Nitroglycerin

Description : In case of acute pain of angina pectoris the most effective treatment would be to administer (a) Mannitol hexanitrate (b) Erythrityl tetranitrate (c) Sodium nitrate (d) Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (e) Nitroglycerin

Last Answer : Ans: E

The term ischemic heart disease (IHD) is used to designate all of the following conditions except (a) Angina pectoris (b) Sudden cardiac death (c) Congestive heart failur (CHF) (d) Arrhythmias

Description : The term ischemic heart disease (IHD) is used to designate all of the following conditions except (a) Angina pectoris (b) Sudden cardiac death (c) Congestive heart failur (CHF) (d) Arrhythmias

Last Answer : Ans: C

Maximal medical therapy for treating angina pectoris is represented by which of the following choices? (a) Diltiazem, verapamil, nitroglycerin (b) Atenolol, isoproterenol, diltiazem (c) Verapamil, nifedipine, propranolol (d) Isosorbide, atenolol, diltiazem (e) Nitroglycerin, isosorbide, atenolol

Description : Maximal medical therapy for treating angina pectoris is represented by which of the following choices? (a) Diltiazem, verapamil, nitroglycerin (b) Atenolol, isoproterenol, diltiazem (c) Verapamil, nifedipine, propranolol (d) Isosorbide, atenolol, diltiazem (e) Nitroglycerin, isosorbide, atenolol

Last Answer : Ans: D

Organic nitrates relax vascular smooth muscle by (a) Increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (b) Increasing intracellular cyclic GMP (c) Decreasing intracellular cyclic AMP (d) Both (b) and (c)

Description : Organic nitrates relax vascular smooth muscle by (a) Increasing intracellular cyclic AMP (b) Increasing intracellular cyclic GMP (c) Decreasing intracellular cyclic AMP (d) Both (b) and (c)

Last Answer : Ans: B

What are arterial vessels, arteries and arterioles?

Description : What are arterial vessels, arteries and arterioles?

Last Answer : Arterial vessels are every blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the tissues. Arteries and arterioles are arterial vessels. Arterioles are thin arteries that end in capillaries. Not ... to the lungs, contain venous blood. The Circulatory System - Image Diversity: arteries arterioles

Which of the following adrenergic inhibitors acts directly on the blood vessels, producing vasodilation? a) Prazosin hydrochloride (Minipress) Minipress is a peripheral vasodilator acting directly on the blood vessel. It is not used in angina and coronary artery disease, however, because it induces tachycardia if not preceded by administration of propranolol and a diuretic.

Description : Which of the following adrenergic inhibitors acts directly on the blood vessels, producing vasodilation? a) Prazosin hydrochloride (Minipress) Minipress is a peripheral vasodilator acting ... through centrally mediated alpha-adrenergic stimulation in the brain, producing blood pressure reduction.

Last Answer : a) Prazosin hydrochloride (Minipress) Minipress is a peripheral vasodilator acting directly on the blood vessel. It is not used in angina and coronary artery disease, however, because it induces tachycardia if not preceded by administration of propranolol and a diuretic.

Which of the following terms refers to chest pain brought on by physical or emotional stress and relieved by rest or medication? a) angina pectoris Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia. b) atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is an abnormal accumulation of lipid deposits and fibrous tissue within arterial walls and lumens. c) atheroma Atheromas are fibrous caps composed of smooth muscle cells that form over lipid deposits within arterial vessels. d) ischemia Ischemia is insufficient tissue oxygenation and may occur in any part of the body.

Description : Which of the following terms refers to chest pain brought on by physical or emotional stress and relieved by rest or medication? a) angina pectoris Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia. ... d) ischemia Ischemia is insufficient tissue oxygenation and may occur in any part of the body.

Last Answer : a) angina pectoris Angina pectoris is a symptom of myocardial ischemia.

Which of the following drugs is most likely to accentuate varient (Prinzmetal) angina ? (a) Digoxin (b) Furosemide (c) Enalapril (d) Amrinone

Description : Which of the following drugs is most likely to accentuate varient (Prinzmetal) angina ? (a) Digoxin (b) Furosemide (c) Enalapril (d) Amrinone

Last Answer : Ans: A

Exertion–induced angina, which is relieved by rest, nitroglycerin, or both, is referred to as (a) Prinzmetal’s angina (b) Unstable angina (c) Classic angina (d) Variant angina (e) Preinfarction angina

Description : Exertion–induced angina, which is relieved by rest, nitroglycerin, or both, is referred to as (a) Prinzmetal’s angina (b) Unstable angina (c) Classic angina (d) Variant angina (e) Preinfarction angina

Last Answer : Ans: C

A treatment of angina that consistently decreases the heart rate and can prevent vasospastic angina attacks is (a) Isosorbide dinitrate (b) NIFedipine (c) Nitroglycerin (d) Propranolol (e) Verapamil

Description : A treatment of angina that consistently decreases the heart rate and can prevent vasospastic angina attacks is (a) Isosorbide dinitrate (b) NIFedipine (c) Nitroglycerin (d) Propranolol (e) Verapamil

Last Answer : Ans: E

A drug lacking vasodilator properties that is useful in angina is (a) Isosorbide dinitrate (b) Metoprolol (c) NIfedipine (d) Nitroglycerin (e) Verapamil

Description : A drug lacking vasodilator properties that is useful in angina is (a) Isosorbide dinitrate (b) Metoprolol (c) NIfedipine (d) Nitroglycerin (e) Verapamil

Last Answer : Ans: B

‘Coronary steal phenomenon’ has been noted most frequently with (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Dipyridamole (c) Propranolol (d) Diltiazem

Description : ‘Coronary steal phenomenon’ has been noted most frequently with (a) Glyceryl trinitrate (b) Dipyridamole (c) Propranolol (d) Diltiazem

Last Answer : Ans: B

Antianginal drugs afford the following benefit/benefits (a) Terminate anginal attacks (b) Decrease the frequency of anginal attacks (c) Retard the progression of coronary artery disease (d) Both (a) and (b)

Description : Antianginal drugs afford the following benefit/benefits (a) Terminate anginal attacks (b) Decrease the frequency of anginal attacks (c) Retard the progression of coronary artery disease (d) Both (a) and (b)

Last Answer : Ans: D

The action of quinidine differs from that of digitalis in (a) Decreasing irritability of cardiac muscle (b) Preventing passage of impulses to the ventricle (c) Increasing irritability of heart muscle (d) Reducing conductivity (e) None of the above

Description : The action of quinidine differs from that of digitalis in (a) Decreasing irritability of cardiac muscle (b) Preventing passage of impulses to the ventricle (c) Increasing irritability of heart muscle (d) Reducing conductivity (e) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: A

A 68-year-old male who underwent a repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm 5 days ago, develops tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension with cool, pale, mottled cyanotic extremities. He is agitated and complains of shortness of breath. Which of the following statement(s) is/ are correct concerning his diagnosis and management? a. Myocardial ischemia secondary to preexisting coronary artery disease is most likely the underlying cause of this problem b. Invasive hemodynamic monitoring with a Swan-Gantz catheter will demonstrate a low cardiac output, a high systemic vascular resistance, and elevated cardiac filling pressures c. The use of morphine sulphate and nitrates should be part of the initial management d. The primary pharmacologic treatment involves the use of moderate doses of inotropic ag

Description : A 68-year-old male who underwent a repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm 5 days ago, develops tachycardia, tachypnea, hypotension with cool, pale, mottled cyanotic extremities. He ... use of moderate doses of inotropic agents e. Afterload reduction with nitroprusside is absolutely contraindicated

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, d Intrinsic cardiogenic shock results from failure of the heart as an effective pump. Coronary artery disease is the most common cause of myocardial ... hemodynamic monitoring. Infusion of afterload-reducing agents can be administered in conjunction with inotropic support

When digoxin is used in a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF), it works by exerting a positive effect on (a) Stroke volume (b) Total peripheral resistance (c) Heart rate (d) Blood pressure (e) Venous return

Description : When digoxin is used in a patient with congestive heart failure (CHF), it works by exerting a positive effect on (a) Stroke volume (b) Total peripheral resistance (c) Heart rate (d) Blood pressure (e) Venous return

Last Answer : Ans: A

The principal site of peripheral resistance in circulation is Options: 1) Large arteries 2) Arterioles 3) Capilla

Description : The principal site of peripheral resistance in circulation is Options: 1) Large arteries 2) Arterioles 3) Capilla

Last Answer : Correct Answer: 2) Arterioles

Choose the incorrect statement from the following (a) Sympathetic system increases rate of SA node (b) Sympathetic system causes constriction of coronary arteries (c) Sympathetic system causes increased motility of GIT smooth muscles (d) Sympathetic system causes constriction of sphincter in GIT

Description : Choose the incorrect statement from the following (a) Sympathetic system increases rate of SA node (b) Sympathetic system causes constriction of coronary arteries (c) Sympathetic system causes increased motility of GIT smooth muscles (d) Sympathetic system causes constriction of sphincter in GIT

Last Answer : Ans: C

In cardiac cells, adenosine (a) Causes shortening of action potential duration (b) Depolarization (c) Increase in normal automaticity (d) All of the above

Description : In cardiac cells, adenosine (a) Causes shortening of action potential duration (b) Depolarization (c) Increase in normal automaticity (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: A

Following statement is true about lidocaine (a) Reduce the slope of Phase 4 (b) Threshold excitability is not altered (c) Action potential is not affected (d) All of the above

Description : Following statement is true about lidocaine (a) Reduce the slope of Phase 4 (b) Threshold excitability is not altered (c) Action potential is not affected (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: A

Relationship between arterial blood pressure (BP), cardiac outpur (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) can be described as (a) BP = COxPVR (b) BP = CO/PVR (c) BP = PVR/CO (d) None of the above

Description : Relationship between arterial blood pressure (BP), cardiac outpur (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (PVR) can be described as (a) BP = COxPVR (b) BP = CO/PVR (c) BP = PVR/CO (d) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: A

A 40-year-old politician suffered from attacks of chest pain diagnosed as angina pectoris. He had a tense personality, resting heart rate was 96/min, blood pressure 170/104 mm Hg, but blood sugar level and lipid profile were normal. Select the most suitable antihypertensive for initial therapy in his case: A. Nifedipine B. Hydrochlorothiazide C. Atenolol D. Methyldopa

Description : A 40-year-old politician suffered from attacks of chest pain diagnosed as angina pectoris. He had a tense personality, resting heart rate was 96/min, blood pressure 170/104 mm Hg, but ... antihypertensive for initial therapy in his case: A. Nifedipine B. Hydrochlorothiazide C. Atenolol D. Methyldopa

Last Answer : C. Atenolol

Organic nitrates have predominantly venodilator action because: A. They are selectively concentrated in veins B. Veins express larger quantities of enzymes that generate nitric oxide from nitrates C. Venous smooth muscle has greater capacity to relax D. All of the above are correct

Description : Organic nitrates have predominantly venodilator action because: A. They are selectively concentrated in veins B. Veins express larger quantities of enzymes that generate nitric oxide from nitrates C. Venous smooth muscle has greater capacity to relax D. All of the above are correct

Last Answer : B. Veins express larger quantities of enzymes that generate nitric oxide from nitrates

Which blood vessels have the smallest diameter? (1) Capillaries (2) Arterioles (3) Venules (4) Lymphatic

Description : Which blood vessels have the smallest diameter? (1) Capillaries (2) Arterioles (3) Venules (4) Lymphatic

Last Answer : (1) Capillaries Explanation: Blood is carried through the body by Blood Vessels. With the help of perfusion process capillaries supplies blood to the tissues.

Lidocaine is the preferred antiarrhythmic for emergency control of cardiac arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction because (a) It has a rapidly developing and titratable antiarrhythmic action (b) It casues little myocardial depression and hypotension (c) It has broad spectrum antiarrhythmic efficacy in atrial as well as ventricular arrhythmias (d) Both (a) and (b)

Description : Lidocaine is the preferred antiarrhythmic for emergency control of cardiac arrhythmias following acute myocardial infarction because (a) It has a rapidly developing and titratable antiarrhythmic action (b) It casues ... efficacy in atrial as well as ventricular arrhythmias (d) Both (a) and (b)

Last Answer : Ans: D

Procainamide differs from quinidine in the following respect (a) It does not cause paradoxical tachycardia (b) It has no alfa adrenergic blocking activity (c) It has little antivagal action (d) Both (b) and (c) Ans: D 68. In heart, potassium channels determine (a) Pacemaker function (b) Resting potential (c) Action potential duration (d) All of the above

Description : Procainamide differs from quinidine in the following respect (a) It does not cause paradoxical tachycardia (b) It has no alfa adrenergic blocking activity (c) It has little antivagal action (d) Both (b ... a) Pacemaker function (b) Resting potential (c) Action potential duration (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: D

The action of digitalis is enhanced by (a) Sodium (b) Calcium (c) Magnesium (d) Potassium (e) Chloride

Description : The action of digitalis is enhanced by (a) Sodium (b) Calcium (c) Magnesium (d) Potassium (e) Chloride

Last Answer : Ans: B

During Phase 2 of action potential in cardiac cell, depolarizing current through calcium channels is balanced by (a) Delayed rectifier potassium current (b) outward chloride channel (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

Description : During Phase 2 of action potential in cardiac cell, depolarizing current through calcium channels is balanced by (a) Delayed rectifier potassium current (b) outward chloride channel (c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of the above

Last Answer : Ans: A

The mechanism of action of cyclosporine involves (a) Activation of calcineurin (b) Binding to cyclophilin to cause inhibition of a cytoplasmic phosphatase (c) Blockade of interleukin – 2- receptors (d) Inhibition of phospholipase A2 (e) Suppression of bone marrow progenitors

Description : The mechanism of action of cyclosporine involves (a) Activation of calcineurin (b) Binding to cyclophilin to cause inhibition of a cytoplasmic phosphatase (c) Blockade of interleukin – 2- receptors (d) Inhibition of phospholipase A2 (e) Suppression of bone marrow progenitors

Last Answer : Ans: B

Following potassium sparing diuretic inhibits action of aldosterone (a) Amiloride (b) Triamterene (c) Spironolactone (d) All of the above

Description : Following potassium sparing diuretic inhibits action of aldosterone (a) Amiloride (b) Triamterene (c) Spironolactone (d) All of the above

Last Answer : Ans: C

Choose the correct statement(s) about ipratropium bromide: A. It preferentially dilates peripheral bronchioles B. It produces additional bronchodilatation when added to nebulized salbutamol C. As metered dose inhaler it is used for terminating asthma attacks D. Both 'B' and 'C'

Description : Choose the correct statement(s) about ipratropium bromide: A. It preferentially dilates peripheral bronchioles B. It produces additional bronchodilatation when added to nebulized salbutamol C. As metered dose inhaler it is used for terminating asthma attacks D. Both 'B' and 'C'

Last Answer : B. It produces additional bronchodilatation when added to nebulized salbutamol

Choose the correct statement about osmotic diuretics: A. They are large molecular weight substances which form colloidal solution B. Their primary site of action is collecting ducts in the kidney C. They increase water excretion without increasing salt excretion D. They can lower intraocular pressure

Description : Choose the correct statement about osmotic diuretics: A. They are large molecular weight substances which form colloidal solution B. Their primary site of action is collecting ducts in the ... C. They increase water excretion without increasing salt excretion D. They can lower intraocular pressure

Last Answer : D. They can lower intraocular pressure

Which of the following is a perfect match? (1) Coronary attack - vascular dilation (2) Atherosclerosis - blockage of arteries (3) Hypertension - low blood pressure (4) Hypotension - heart attack

Description : Which of the following is a perfect match? (1) Coronary attack - vascular dilation (2) Atherosclerosis - blockage of arteries (3) Hypertension - low blood pressure (4) Hypotension - heart attack

Last Answer : (4) Hypotension - heart attack Explanation: In physiology and medicine, hypotension is abnormally low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. Hypotension is the opposite of ... force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood.