Description : A 75 year old man presents with a long history of shortness of breath and ankle oedema. His serum biochemistry shows sodium 122 mmols/l and potassium of 2.9 mmols/l. He now complains of ... ? 1) Addison's Disease 2) Nephrotic syndrome 3) Primary hyperaldosteronism 4) SIADH 5) Diuretic therapy
Last Answer : Answers-5 The long history of his symptoms and serum biochemistry suggests that his condition is due to treatment with frusemide for CCF.
Description : Hypokalemia occurs in (A) Cushing’s syndrome (B) Addison’s disease (C) Renal failure (D) Advanced dehydration
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Hyponatraemia occurs in the following condition: (A) Addison’s disease (B) Chronic renal failure (C) Severe diarrhoea (D) All of these
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Serum inorganic phosphorous decreases in all the following conditions except (A) Hyperparathyroidism (B) Intestinal malabsorption (C) Osteomalacia (D) Chronic renal failure
Description : Serum biochemistry of a 60 year old man revealed calcium of 1.98 mmol/l and phosphate of 0.55 mmol/l with an alkaline phosphatase of 450 IU/l.Which among the following mosts suits ... biochemistry? 1) Osteoporosis 2) Osteomalacia 3) Pagets Disease 4) Secondary Hyperparathyroidism 5) Renal failure
Last Answer : Answers-2 Osteomalacia is associated with low calcium and phosphate with raised alkaline phosphatase. Serum biochemistry is normal in osteoporosis. Pagets disease is associated with normal ... renal failure when tertiary hyperparathyroidism sets in there is low calcium with raised phosphate.
Description : Serum sodium level rises in all of the following except (A) Renal failure (B) Prolonged steroid therapy (C) Aldosteronism (D) Dehydration
Description : A 15-year-old girl was seen by her family physician because of increasing lethargy. She had a recent history of the "flu". Biochemistry tests show that she has renal impairement. ... will likely develop a restrictive lung disease 5) She will probably improve with additional corticosteroid therapy
Last Answer : Answers-2 The findings point to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which leads to chronic renal failure in half of cases. The lack of resolution with corticosteroid therapy and the progression to chronic renal failure is what sets FSGS apart from minimal change disease.
Description : In Addison’s disease, there is excessive retention of (A) Potassium (B) Sodium (C) Chloride (D) Water
Description : Serum inorganic phosphorous rises in all the following conditions except (A) Hypoparathyroidism (B) Hypervitaminosis D (C) Chronic renal failure (D) After a carbohydrate-rich meal MINERAL METABOLISM 197
Description : The product of serum calcium concentration (mg/dl) and serum inorganic phosphorous concentration (mg/dl) is decreased in (A) Rickets (B) Hypoparathyroidism (C) Hyperparathyroidism (D) Renal failure
Description : Serum ferroxidase level decreases in (A) Gaucher’s disease (B) Cirrhosis of liver (C) Acute pancreatitis (D) Wilson’s disease ENZYMES 143
Description : An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase (C) Significantly increased serum glycine level (D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine
Description : Which group of three of the following five statements (1-5) contain all three correct statements regarding beri-beri? 1. A crippling disease prevalent among the native population of sub-Saharan Africa. 2. A deficiency disease caused by lack ... and 5 (b) 1, 2 and 4 (c) 1, 3 and 5 (d) 2, 3 and 5
Last Answer : a) 2, 4 and 5
Description : An important finding in Tay-sach’s disease is (A) Renal failure (B) Accumulation of gangliosides in brain and spleen (C) Cardiac failure (D) Anemia
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Character ist ic f ind ing in Gaucher ’s disease is (A) Night blindness (B) Renal failure (C) Hepatosplenomegaly (D) Deafness
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : Which of the following suggests a diagnosis of familial combined hyperlipidaemia (FCHL) rather than heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH)? 1) Tendon xanthomas 2) Presence of glucose ... premature coronary artery disease 4) Presence of arcus senilus 5) Absence of hyperuricaemia
Last Answer : Answers-2 The genetic dislipidaemias occur in one third of patients who have suffered from their first myocardial infarction below the age of 50 years in men. The commonest is familial combined ... xanthomata and arcus cornea are rarely present in children, but are very important signs to identify.
Description : Characteristics of Vitamin D and its metabolites include which one of the following? (a) Act to decrease serum levels of calcium (b) Activation of their Vitamin D receptors increases cellular CAMP ... Vitamin D increase renal excretion of calcium (e) Vitamin D deficiency results in Pager's disease
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : The greatest threat from morphine poisoning is (a) Renal shutdown (b) Paralysis of spinal cord (c) Respiratory depression (d) Cardiovascular collapse (e) None of the above
Description : An inherited or acquired renal tubular defect in the reabsorption of phosphate (Vit D resistant ricket) is characterized with (A) Normal serum Phosphate (B) High serum phosphate (C ... blood phosphorous with elevated alkaline Phosphate (D) A high blood phosphorous with decreased alkaline phosphatase
Description : Increased serum alanine during fasting is due to (A) Breakdown of muscle proteins (B) Decreased utilization of non essential amino acids (C) Leakage of aminoacids to plasma (D) Impaired renal function
Description : A 60-year-old man was diagnosed last year with adenocarcinoma of the lung, and a 4 cm mass lesion was treated with a right lower lobectomy. He now has an ... 2) Membranous glomerulonephritis 3) Minimal change glomerulonephritis 4) Nodular glomerulosclerosis 5) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Last Answer : Answers-2 Most cases of membranous GN are idiopathic, but in some patients there is a history of an infection or a malignancy (usually lung) with antigenemia.
Description : Hypokalemia with an accompanying hypochloremic alkalosis may be observed in (A) Cushing’s syndrome(B) Addison’s disease (C) Hyptothyroidism (D) Malnutrition
Description : Insulin resistance is encountered in (A) Addison’s disease (B) Hypothyroidism (C) Hypopituctarism (D) Acromegaly
Description : Secretion of catecholamines is increased in (A) Cushing’s syndrome (B) Addison’s disease (C) Phaeochromocytoma (D) Simmond’s disease
Description : Excessive secretion of ACTH causes (A) Cushing’s syndrome (B) Addison’s disease (C) Myxoedema (D) Thyrotoxicosis
Description : BMR is increased in all of the following except (A) Hyperthyroidism (B) Anaemia (C) Addison’s disease (D) Pregnancy
Description : BMR is decreased in all of the following except (A) Fever (B) Addison’s disease (C) Starvation (D) Hypothyroidism
Description : BMR is increased in (A) Starvation (B) Hypothyroidism (C) Addison’s disease (D) Pregnancy
Description : Restriction of sodium intake is commonly advised in (A) Addison’s disease (B) Diarrhoea (C) Hypertension (D) None of these
Description : B.M.R. is subnormal in (A) Addison’s disease (B) Adrenal tumour (C) Cushing’s syndrome (D) Fever
Description : One of the following is not symptom of Addison’s disease: (A) Hypoglycemia (B) Hyponatremia (C) Hypokalemia (D) Hypochloremia
Description : One of the following is not a symptom of addison’s disease. (A) Hypoglycemia (B) Hyponatremia (C) Hypokalemia (D) Hypochoremia
Description : Which of the following condition is characterized by ketonuria but without glycosuria? (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Diabetes insipidus (C) Prolonged starvation (D) Addison’s disease
Description : Glucose tolerance is decreased in (A) Diabetes mellitus (B) Hypopituitarisme (C) Addison’s disease (D) Hypothyroidism
Last Answer : A
Description : Which of the following conditions is an indication for the use of calcitonin? (a) Chronic renal failure (b) Hypoparathyroidism (c) Intestinal osteodystrophy (d) Pager’s disease (e) Rickets
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : The following conditions give rise to red blood cells with increased mean cell volume: a. anaemia of chronic disease. b. pernicious anaemia. c. anaemia due to renal failure. d. haemolytic anaemi
Last Answer : pernicious anaemia.
Description : Radiopaque lesions are seen in: A. Multiple myeloma B. Paget’s disease C. Hyperparathyroidism D. Chronic renal failure
Last Answer : B. Paget’s disease
Description : The most important effect of aldosterone is to (A) Increase the rate of tubular reabsorption of sodium (B) Decrease the rate of tubular reabsorption of potassium (C) Decrease the reabsorption of chloride (D) Decrease the renal reabsorption of sodium
Description : On the surgical removal of pituitary gland, there is a fall of sodium level and rise in potassium in serum. This is because
Last Answer : On the surgical removal of pituitary gland, there is a fall of sodium level and rise in ... cortex D. LTH from pituitary is no longer available
Description : Which of the following ECG characteristics is usually seen when a patient's serum potassium level is low? a) U wave The U wave is an ECG waveform characteristic that may ... interval The QT interval is an ECG characteristic reflecting the time from ventricular depolarization to repolarization.
Last Answer : a) U wave The U wave is an ECG waveform characteristic that may reflect Purkinje fiber repolarization. It is usually seen when a patient’s serum potassium level is low.
Description : A high serum potassium, accompanied by a high intracellular potassium occurs in (A) Adrenal insufficiency (B) Any illness (C) Gastrointestinal losses (D) Cushing’s syndrome
Description : One of the symptoms of low serum potassium concentration includes (A) Muscle weakness (B) Confusion (C) Numbness (D) Tingling of extremities WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 283
Description : Normal range of serum potassium is (A) 2.1-3.4 mEq/L (B) 3.5-5.3 mEq/L (C) 5.4–7.4 mEq/L (D) 7.5–9.5 mEq/L
Description : A 53-year-old man presented with hypertension of 150/110 mmHg. He is generally asymptomatic and has no previous medical history of note. He is a smoker of 5 cigarettes daily and drinks ... Adrenocortical adenoma 2) Bartter's syndrome 3) Liddle's syndrome 4) Liquorice ingestion 5) Pheochromocytoma
Last Answer : Answers-1 This patient is most likely to have Conn's syndrome as reflected by the hypokalaemic hypertension. Liquorice ingestion or Liddle's syndrome are again possible causes of ... hypertension (often diastolic hypertension), muscular weakness, paresthesias, headache, polyuria, and polydipsia."
Description : Serum lipase level increases in (A) Paget’s disease (B) Gaucher’s disease (C) Acute pancreatitis (D) Diabetes mellitus
Description : Serum acid phosphatase level increases in (A) Metastatic carcinoma of prostate (B) Myocardial infarction (C) Wilson’s disease (D) Liver diseases
Description : Metabolic alkalosis can occur in (A) Severe diarrhoea (B) Renal failure (C) Recurrent vomiting (D) Excessive use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Description : Deficiency of magnesium may occur with (A) Alcoholism (B) Diabetes mellitus (C) Hypothyroidism (D) Advanced renal failure
Description : An important cause of water intoxication is (A) Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (B) Renal failure (C) Gastroenteritis (D) Fanconi syndrome
Description : Inborn errors of urea cycle can cause all the following except (A) Vomiting (B) Ataxia (C) Renal failure (D) Mental retardation