When radiation breaks an electron pair bond in a molecule and each fragment of the molecule gets one of the bond electrons, the molecular fragments that are formed are called: w) ions x) free radicals y) stable molecules z) gases

When radiation breaks an electron pair bond in a molecule and each fragment of the molecule gets one of the bond electrons, the molecular fragments that are formed are called: w) ions x) free radicals y) stable molecules z) gases
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ANSWER: X -- FREE RADICALS
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Which of the following molecules or ions is NOT formed when K metal reacts with liquid CH3OH? Is it: w) potassium ion x) hydrogen ion y) methoxy ion z) hydrogen molecule

Description : Which of the following molecules or ions is NOT formed when K metal reacts with liquid CH3OH? Is it: w) potassium ion x) hydrogen ion y) methoxy ion z) hydrogen molecule

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- HYDROGEN ION

Homolytic fission of covalent bond between carbon atoms will produce : (a) Two carbonium ions (b) Two molecules (c) Free radicals (d) Carbonium ion and carbanion

Description : Homolytic fission of covalent bond between carbon atoms will produce : (a) Two carbonium ions (b) Two molecules (c) Free radicals (d) Carbonium ion and carbanion

Last Answer : Free radicals

If two different gases have the same volume, temperature, and pressure and behave like ideal gases, they will also be identical in which one of the following ways? w) average molecular velocity x) total mass y) total molecular kinetic energy z) average momentum per molecule

Description : If two different gases have the same volume, temperature, and pressure and behave like ideal gases, they will also be identical in which one of the following ways? w) average molecular velocity x) total mass y) total molecular kinetic energy z) average momentum per molecule

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- TOTAL MOLECULAR KINETIC ENERGY

A characteristic of the noble gases is that they all: w) have eight electrons in the outer shell x) have low stability y) form many compounds z) have filled outer electron shells

Description : A characteristic of the noble gases is that they all: w) have eight electrons in the outer shell x) have low stability y) form many compounds z) have filled outer electron shells

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- HAVE FILLED OUTER ELECTRON SHELLS

Molecular oxygen is said to be paramagnetic. This indicates that molecular oxygen: w) is a gas at room temperature x) forms molecules containing two oxygen atoms y) has an approximate molecular weight of 32 z) has unpaired electrons

Description : Molecular oxygen is said to be paramagnetic. This indicates that molecular oxygen: w) is a gas at room temperature x) forms molecules containing two oxygen atoms y) has an approximate molecular weight of 32 z) has unpaired electrons

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- HAS UNPAIRED ELECTRONS

A color television set employs a 25,000 volt electron accelerator to produce the picture and potentially harmful radiation which must be shielded against. The main component of this radiation consists of w) electrons which penetrate the picture tube x) soft x-rays y) microwaves z) ultraviolet radiation

Description : A color television set employs a 25,000 volt electron accelerator to produce the picture and potentially harmful radiation which must be shielded against. The main component of this radiation consists ... which penetrate the picture tube x) soft x-rays y) microwaves z) ultraviolet radiation 

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- SOFT X-RAYS

Homolytic fission of C–C bond leads to the formation of : (a) Free radicals (b) Carbonium ions (c) Carbanions (d) None of these

Description : Homolytic fission of C–C bond leads to the formation of : (a) Free radicals (b) Carbonium ions (c) Carbanions (d) None of these

Last Answer : Free radicals

A high voltage applied to a gas discharge tube containing neon gas at very low pressure causes a current to flow through the tube. Which one of the following are the particles that flow towards the cathode? Are they w) electrons x) protons y) negatively charged neon ions z) positively charged neon ions

Description : A high voltage applied to a gas discharge tube containing neon gas at very low pressure causes a current to flow through the tube. Which one of the following are the particles that flow towards the ... Are they w) electrons x) protons y) negatively charged neon ions z) positively charged neon ions

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- POSITIVELY CHARGED NEON IONS

The photomultiplier tube in the scintillation counter multiplies one of the following. Does it multiply: w) scintillations x) electrons y) ions z) photons

Description : The photomultiplier tube in the scintillation counter multiplies one of the following. Does it multiply: w) scintillations x) electrons y) ions z) photons

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- ELECTRONS

The bond most likely to be formed when two atoms differ SOMEWHAT in their tendency to attract electrons is: w) nonpolar ionic x) polar ionic y) polar covalent z) nonpolar covalent

Description : The bond most likely to be formed when two atoms differ SOMEWHAT in their tendency to attract electrons is: w) nonpolar ionic x) polar ionic y) polar covalent z) nonpolar covalent

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- POLAR COVALENT

The silver luster of the metals can be attributed to one of the following. It is attributed to their free w) protons x) ions y) neutrons z) electrons

Description : The silver luster of the metals can be attributed to one of the following. It is attributed to their free w) protons x) ions y) neutrons z) electrons

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- ELECTRONS 

A space ship traveling toward Mars at 0.6 times the speed of light c shoots an ELECTRON beam at Mars. If the electrons travel at 0.6 c RELATIVE TO THE SPACE SHIP, at what speed do the electrons impact the surface of Mars? w) 0.6 c x) 0.88 c y) 1.2 c z) 1.34 c

Description : A space ship traveling toward Mars at 0.6 times the speed of light c shoots an ELECTRON beam at Mars. If the electrons travel at 0.6 c RELATIVE TO THE SPACE SHIP, at what speed do the electrons impact the surface of Mars? w) 0.6 c x) 0.88 c y) 1.2 c z) 1.34 c

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- 0.88 c

If two atoms exert equal attractions for electrons, they can form: w) a nonpolar covalent bond x) an ionic bond y) a polar covalent bond z) no bond

Description : If two atoms exert equal attractions for electrons, they can form: w) a nonpolar covalent bond x) an ionic bond y) a polar covalent bond z) no bond

Last Answer : ANSWER: W -- A NONPOLAR COVALENT BOND

The theory of interionic attraction attributed to Debye and Hückel: w) was disproved by Arrhenius x) accounts quantitatively for the attraction between ions in dilute aqueous solutions y) does not account for kindered "ion-activity" z) accounts for intra-molecular polar bonds

Description : The theory of interionic attraction attributed to Debye and Hückel: w) was disproved by Arrhenius x) accounts quantitatively for the attraction between ions in dilute aqueous solutions y) does not account for kindered "ion-activity" z) accounts for intra-molecular polar bonds

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- ACCOUNTS QUANTITATIVELY FOR THE ATTRACTION BETWEEN IONS IN DILUTE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

Which one of the following statements is WRONG? (A) A singlet or triplet state may result when one of the electrons from the HOMO is excited to higher energy levels (B) In an excited singlet state, the spin of the electron in the higher energy orbital is paired with the electron in the ground state orbital (C) Triplet excited state is more stable than the singlet excited state (D) When the electron from the singlet excited state returns to ground state, the molecule always shows fluorescence phenomenon

Description : Which one of the following statements is WRONG? (A) A singlet or triplet state may result when one of the electrons from the HOMO is excited to higher energy levels (B) In an ... the electron from the singlet excited state returns to ground state, the molecule always shows fluorescence phenomenon

Last Answer : (C) Triplet excited state is more stable than the singlet excited state

Which of the following terms denotes the polar molecules or negative ions clustered about a central positive ion? w) ligands x) isomers y) complex ions z) dipoles

Description : Which of the following terms denotes the polar molecules or negative ions clustered about a central positive ion? w) ligands x) isomers y) complex ions z) dipoles

Last Answer : ANSWER: W -- LIGAND

Which of the following terms refers to the number of molecules or ions attached to a central metallic atom? w) coordination number x) connection number y) bonding number z) none of these

Description : Which of the following terms refers to the number of molecules or ions attached to a central metallic atom? w) coordination number x) connection number y) bonding number z) none of these

Last Answer : ANSWER: W -- COORDINATION NUMBER

Ammonia can be considered a Lewis base because it can donate: w) electrons x) protons y) hydronium ions z) hydroxide ions

Description : Ammonia can be considered a Lewis base because it can donate: w) electrons x) protons y) hydronium ions z) hydroxide ions

Last Answer : ANSWER: A -- ELECTRONS

What two primary factors determine whether or no molecular collision leads to a chemical reaction? w) energy and volume of molecules x) energy and mass of molecules y) energy and orientation of molecules z) orientation and volume of molecules

Description : What two primary factors determine whether or no molecular collision leads to a chemical reaction? w) energy and volume of molecules x) energy and mass of molecules y) energy and orientation of molecules z) orientation and volume of molecules

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- ENERGY AND ORIENTATION OF MOLECULES

Explain why the water molecule has a bent shape and a bond angle less than 109.5°The electron repulsion between the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen of water causes the O–H bonds to squeeze close together

Description : Explain why the water molecule has a bent shape and a bond angle less than 109.5° The electron repulsion between the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen of water causes the O–H bonds to squeeze close together

Last Answer : The electron repulsion between the two lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen of water causes the O–H bonds to squeeze close together

The elements that have an outer electron configuration ns2 (read: n - s - 2) are called: w) halogens x) transition metals y) alkaline earths z) noble gases

Description : The elements that have an outer electron configuration ns2 (read: n - s - 2) are called: w) halogens x) transition metals y) alkaline earths z) noble gases

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- ALKALINE EARTHS

Answer: a, b, c, d Free oxygen radicals are chemical species that are intermediates in the normal process of cellular respiration. Oxidants that are free radicals have been implicated as initiators of reactions which lead to a variety of cellular injuries. Oxidants are derived from several sources, notably phagocytes. Among the effects of oxygen free radicals are membrane lipid peroxidation, DNA strand breaks, cytoskeletal disassembly and inhibition of glucose metabolism leading to decreased cellular ATP concentrations. (Figure 6-16) 187 Which of the following acute-phase protein levels are increased in human plasma following acute inflammation? a. C-reactive protein b. Serum amyloid c. a -Proteinase inhibitor d. Fibrinogen e. Albumin

Description : Answer: a, b, c, d Free oxygen radicals are chemical species that are intermediates in the normal process of cellular respiration. Oxidants that are free radicals have been implicated as initiators of ... a. C-reactive protein b. Serum amyloid c. a -Proteinase inhibitor d. Fibrinogen e. Albumin

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d The acute-phase response is a series of homeostatic responses of the organism to tissue injury in infection and inflammation. After an inflammatory stimulus occurs, a number ... 30% to 50% of the level before injury. The reason for the decrease in production is poorly understood

A compound which is an electron pair donor is generally classified as a: w) Lewis acid x) Bronsted base y) Bronsted acid z) Lewis base

Description : A compound which is an electron pair donor is generally classified as a: w) Lewis acid x) Bronsted base y) Bronsted acid z) Lewis base

Last Answer :  ANSWER: Z -- LEWIS BASE 

A substance that accepts an electron pair is classified as a: w) bronsted-lowry acid x) bronsted-lowry base y) lewis acid z) lewis base

Description : A substance that accepts an electron pair is classified as a: w) bronsted-lowry acid x) bronsted-lowry base y) lewis acid z) lewis base

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- LEWIS ACID

Any species that acts as an electron-pair acceptor a: w) Lewis base x) Bronsted base y) Lewis acid z) Bronsted acid

Description : Any species that acts as an electron-pair acceptor a: w) Lewis base x) Bronsted base y) Lewis acid z) Bronsted acid

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- LEWIS ACID

The noble gases have low boiling points because: w) their ionization potentials are very low x) only weak Van der Waals forces hold the atoms together y) they are produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air z) they have eight electrons in the outer shell

Description : The noble gases have low boiling points because: w) their ionization potentials are very low x) only weak Van der Waals forces hold the atoms together y) they are produced by the fractional distillation of liquid air z) they have eight electrons in the outer shell

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- ONLY WEAK VAN DER WAALS FORCES HOLD THE ATOMS TOGETHER

The orbital angular momemtum quantum number indicates which one of the following? w) the average distance of the electrons from the nucleus x) the direction of spin of the electron y) the shape of the orbital z) the position about the three axes in space of the orbital

Description : The orbital angular momemtum quantum number indicates which one of the following? w) the average distance of the electrons from the nucleus x) the direction of spin of the electron y) the shape of the orbital z) the position about the three axes in space of the orbital 

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- THE SHAPE OF THE ORBITAL

In the filling of electron orbitals for the elemen sulfur, which has 16 electrons, the number of electrons in the 3p orbitals is: w) 3 x) 4 y) 6 z) 0

Description : In the filling of electron orbitals for the elemen sulfur, which has 16 electrons, the number of electrons in the 3p orbitals is: w) 3 x) 4 y) 6 z) 0

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- 4

A bond in which there is an unequal attraction for the shared electrons and a resultant unbalanced distribution of charge is which one of the following types of bonds? w) ionic x) pure covalent y) nonpolar covalent z) polar covalent

Description : A bond in which there is an unequal attraction for the shared electrons and a resultant unbalanced distribution of charge is which one of the following types of bonds? w) ionic x) pure covalent y) nonpolar covalent z) polar covalent 

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- POLAR COVALENT 

Choose the correct pair from the following. (a) Ligases - Join the two DNA molecules (b) Polymerases - Break the DNA into fragments (c) Nucleases - Separate the two strands of DNA (d) Exonucleases - Make cuts at specific positions within DNA

Description : Choose the correct pair from the following. (a) Ligases - Join the two DNA molecules (b) Polymerases - Break the DNA into fragments (c) Nucleases - Separate the two strands of DNA (d) Exonucleases - Make cuts at specific positions within DNA

Last Answer : (a) Ligases - Join the two DNA molecules

An x-ray photon collides with a free electron, and the photon is scattered. During this collision there is conservation of: w) momentum but not energy x) neither momentum nor energy y) energy but not momentum z) both momentum and energy

Description : An x-ray photon collides with a free electron, and the photon is scattered. During this collision there is conservation of: w) momentum but not energy x) neither momentum nor energy y) energy but not momentum z) both momentum and energy

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- BOTH MOMENTUM AND ENERGY 

The collision between a photon and a free electron was first explained by which of the following scientists? w) Einstein x) Heisenberg y) Compton z) Bohr

Description : The collision between a photon and a free electron was first explained by which of the following scientists? w) Einstein x) Heisenberg y) Compton z) Bohr

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- COMPTON

An aqueous solution of glycine is neutral because of the formation of : (a) Carbanion (b) Zwitterion (c) Carbonium ions (d) Free radicals

Description : An aqueous solution of glycine is neutral because of the formation of : (a) Carbanion (b) Zwitterion (c) Carbonium ions (d) Free radicals

Last Answer : Zwitterion

The mechanism of dehydration of an alcohol to give an ether involves formation of (a) Carbonium ions(b) Carbanions(c) Free radicals(d) Carbenes:

Description : The mechanism of dehydration of an alcohol to give an ether involves formation of : (a) Carbonium ions (b) Carbanions (c) Free radicals (d) Carbenes

Last Answer : Carbonium ions

The mechanism of dehydration of an alcohol to give an alkene involves formation of : (a) Carbonium ions (b) Carbanions (c) Free radicals (d) Carbenes

Description : The mechanism of dehydration of an alcohol to give an alkene involves formation of : (a) Carbonium ions (b) Carbanions (c) Free radicals (d) Carbenes

Last Answer : Carbonium ions

What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis ? (a) The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves. (b) Positively charged fragments move to farther end. (c) Negatively charged fragments do not move. (d) The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves.

Description : What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis ? (a) The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves. (b) Positively charged fragments move to farther end. ... charged fragments do not move. (d) The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves.

Last Answer : (a) The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves

What is the criterion for DN A fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis ? (1) The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves (2) Positively charged fragments move to farther end (3) Negatively charged fragments do not move (4) The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves

Description : What is the criterion for DN A fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis ? (1) The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves (2) Positively charged fragments move to farther ... Negatively charged fragments do not move (4) The larger the fragment size, the farther it moves

Last Answer : (1) The smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves

In the mass spectrograph, two positively charged ions having the same velocity pass through a slit and enter a uniform magnetic field at right angles to their initial velocities. The ions will NOT be separated if: w) they have the same masses but different charges x) they have the same charges but different masses y) the products of their charges and their masses are equal z) the ratios of their charges to their masses are equal

Description : In the mass spectrograph, two positively charged ions having the same velocity pass through a slit and enter a uniform magnetic field at right angles to their initial velocities. The ions will NOT be ... charges and their masses are equal z) the ratios of their charges to their masses are equal  

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- THE RATIOS OF THEIR CHARGES TO THEIR MASSES ARE EQUAL 

The mass spectrograph directly yields a value for which one of the following? w) mass of a photon x) mass of a neutron y) masses of isotopes of elements z) mass to charge ratio of ions

Description : The mass spectrograph directly yields a value for which one of the following? w) mass of a photon x) mass of a neutron y) masses of isotopes of elements z) mass to charge ratio of ions

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- MASS TO CHARGE RATIO OF IONS

The energy of molecular motion in a gas appears in the form of: w) friction x) internal energy y) temperature z) potential energy

Description : The energy of molecular motion in a gas appears in the form of: w) friction x) internal energy y) temperature z) potential energy

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- TEMPERATURE

What is the molecular mass of a gas that effuses through a small hole at twice the rate as oxygen gas at the same temperature. (The molecular mass of O2 is 32.) w) 8.0 atomic mass units x) 16 atomic mass units y) 48 atomic mass units z) 64 atomic mass units

Description : What is the molecular mass of a gas that effuses through a small hole at twice the rate as oxygen gas at the same temperature. (The molecular mass of O2 is 32.) w) 8.0 atomic mass units x) 16 atomic mass units y) 48 atomic mass units z) 64 atomic mass units

Last Answer : ANSWER: W -- 8.0 ATOMIC MASS UNITS

To develop the correct mathematical description of the distribution of radiated energy of a blackbody with respect to wavelength for a given temperature, Planck found it necessary to assume that the molecular oscillators of the blackbody emitted and absorbed: w) no radiant energy x) radiant energy in discrete units or quanta y) radiant energy in a continuous form z) none of the above.

Description : To develop the correct mathematical description of the distribution of radiated energy of a blackbody with respect to wavelength for a given temperature, Planck found it necessary to assume that the molecular ... units or quanta y) radiant energy in a continuous form z) none of the above.

Last Answer : ANSWER: X -- RADIANT ENERGY IN DISCRETE UNITS OR QUANTA

Energy stored in a body as thermal or internal energy consists of one of the following. Does it consist of: w) heat in the form of radiant energy x) molecular kinetic energy only y) molecular potential energy only z) both kinetic and potential energy

Description : Energy stored in a body as thermal or internal energy consists of one of the following. Does it consist of: w) heat in the form of radiant energy x) molecular kinetic energy only y) molecular potential energy only z) both kinetic and potential energy

Last Answer : ANSWER: Z -- BOTH KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY

According to the kinetic theory, the Kelvin temperature of an ideal gas is proportional to which one of the following. Is the temperature proportional to the gas's average molecular: w) velocity x) momentum y) kinetic energy z) potential energy

Description : According to the kinetic theory, the Kelvin temperature of an ideal gas is proportional to which one of the following. Is the temperature proportional to the gas's average molecular: w) velocity x) momentum y) kinetic energy z) potential energy

Last Answer : ANSWER: Y -- KINETIC ENERGY

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of hypoxanthine and xanthene b. Oxygen free radicals such as the superoxide radical are involved in the expression of the proinflammatory phenotype of endothelial cells, macrophages and neutrophils c. The intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAN-1) contributes to injury and disruption of the endothelial lining, with extensive capillary leak and resultant interstitial edema d. Animal models have demonstrated that passive immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning ischemia reperfusion injury? a. During ischemia, ATP degradation results in increased plasma and intracellular levels of ... immunization with antibodies to neutrophil adhesive complex lessen the ischemic/reperfusion microvascular injury

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d During the ischemia and hypoperfusion phase, degradation of ATP stores essential to maintain cell integrity and significant loss of diffusible ... either the neutrophil adhesive complex or the endothelial selectins dramatically lessens ischemia/reperfusion microvascular injury

Hydrogen and chlorine react vigorously in the presence of light (explosively) due to the formation of (a) Hydrogen-free radicals (b) Chlorine-free radicals (c) Hydrogen chloride molecule (d) Both hydrogen- and chlorine-free radicals

Description : Hydrogen and chlorine react vigorously in the presence of light (explosively) due to the formation of (a) Hydrogen-free radicals (b) Chlorine-free radicals (c) Hydrogen chloride molecule (d) Both hydrogen- and chlorine-free radicals

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

Characteristic reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons are initiated by (a) Electrophiles (b) Nucleophiles (c) Free radicals (d) Uncharged molecules

Description : Characteristic reactions of aromatic hydrocarbons are initiated by (a) Electrophiles (b) Nucleophiles (c) Free radicals (d) Uncharged molecules

Last Answer : Electrophiles

Due to the presence of an unpaired electron, free radicals are:

Description : Due to the presence of an unpaired electron, free radicals are:

Last Answer : Due to the presence of an unpaired electron, free radicals are: A. chemically reactive B. chemically inactive C. anions D. cations

Chlorine free radicals react with methane by : (a) donating their free-radical electron to methane to form chloromethane. (b) abstracting a hydrogen atom from methane, and producing HCl and a methyl radical. (c) forming a carbanion intermediate that rapidly dissociates to produce chloromethane. (d) forming a carbonium ion intermediate that rapidly dissociates to form chloromethane

Description : Chlorine free radicals react with methane by : (a) donating their free-radical electron to methane to form chloromethane. (b) abstracting a hydrogen atom from methane, and producing ... produce chloromethane. (d) forming a carbonium ion intermediate that rapidly dissociates to form chloromethane

Last Answer : abstracting a hydrogen atom from methane, and producing HCl and a methyl radical