What is meant by closing error? How will you adjusted graphically?

What is meant by closing error? How will you adjusted graphically?
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1 Answer

Answer :

Closing error : While plotting compass traverse, when first and last survey line does not coincides by some amount of distance, that distance is called as closing error.


Adjustment of closing error

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Explanation :

1. To distribute the closing error AA1 (Fig. a ), draw one horizontal line of length equal to perimeter of traverse with some reduced scale.

2. Now mark the survey stations on it proportionally (Fig. b) and transfer closing error of same length using roller scale to point a.

3. Join the point A and A1 with straight line. Also draw parallel lines at point b,c.d and e.

4. Transfer B1b, C1c, D1d and E1e to point B1, C1, D1 and E1 respectively in compass traverse.

5. Finally join new points to get corrected traverse ABCDEA after graphical adjustment of closing error.


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State advantages of plane table survey one each with respect to booking and suitability

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State two advantages of telescopic alidade over simple alidade.

Description : State two advantages of telescopic alidade over simple alidade.

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Draw sketch and explain method of traversing of plane table surveying.

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Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why?

Description : Define orientation. State two methods of orientation. Which method is most accurate and why? 

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Why zero is marked at south end on a graduated circle of prismatic compass?

Description : Why zero is marked at south end on a graduated circle of prismatic compass?

Last Answer : As bearing of any line is measured with respective north direction, while observing north direction, reading should be 00 0'. Therefore when object vane is bisecting north direction, at the same ... get bearings with respective north direction always, zero is marked at south end of magnetic needle.

State temporary adjustments of prismatic compass

Description : State temporary adjustments of prismatic compass

Last Answer : a) Setting the prismatic compass over prefixed survey station b) Centering the compass over nail point of station using plumb bob c) Leveling of compass in horizontal plane using level tube d) Focusing of prism by raising and lowering the focussing stud

Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

Description : Write the functions of the following components of prismatic compass i) Prism, ii) Lifting pin, iii) Prism cap, iv) Agate cap

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Define Dip and deflection of needle.

Description : Define Dip and deflection of needle.

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Write three types of obstacles in chaining with examples.

Description : Write three types of obstacles in chaining with examples. 

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Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Description : Draw sketch and write the procedure for setting offset to the left or right side of suvey line with open cross-staff.

Last Answer : Procedure for setting offset with open cross staff : 1. Keep the ranging rods at point P(fixed on survey line) and at point A1 approximately. 2. The cross staff with stadia rod is fixed ... can be fixed and perpendicular offset AB is said to be set to given survey line PQ in left side.

State four instruments used for setting offsets.

Description : State four instruments used for setting offsets.

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Defines the terms : i) Survey Station ii) Survey Line iii)Offset iv)Triangulation

Description : Defines the terms : i) Survey Station ii) Survey Line iii)Offset iv)Triangulation 

Last Answer : i) Survey Station : It is the point on ground from which various observations are taken around it. ii) Survey Line : It is the straight line joining two successive survey stations ... iv)Triangulation : The frame work consist of number of connected well conditional triangle is called Triangulation.

A 20m chain was found to be 6cm too long after chaining a distance of 1059m. It was found to be 9cm too short after chaining at the end 1985m. If the chain was correct before commencement of work find the true distance.

Description : A 20m chain was found to be 6cm too long after chaining a distance of 1059m. It was found to be 9cm too short after chaining at the end 1985m. If the chain was correct before commencement of work find the true distance.

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Write the code of signals used in ranging with respect to : i) Correct position ii) Fix the ranging rod iii) Vertical position of ranging rod iv) Move slowly to left of observer

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Explain in brief linear measurement using : i) Pacing ii) Digital Tape

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What are the objectives of following one each. i)Topographic Survey ii)Cadastral Survey iii)Engineering Survey iv)Mine Survey

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Last Answer : i) Topographic Survey : To determine natural features like river, streams , lakes , hills etc and artificial features like roads , railways , canal , town and villages .  ii) Cadastral ... Mine Survey :To explore mineral deposits and to guide tunneling and other operations associated with mining.