How will you separate two immiscible liquids in pharmacy? Draw a libelled sketch of the apparatus used in laboratory.

How will you separate two immiscible liquids in pharmacy? Draw a libelled sketch of the apparatus used in laboratory. 
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Answer :

:Steam Distillation( immiscible liquids):

• In pair of immiscible liquids , each liquid exerts its own vapour pressure & neither liquid has any appreciable effect on the vapour pressure of the other.

• The vapour pressure of the mixture at given temperature is equal to the sum of the vapour pressure of two pure components at that temp.

• A mixture of immiscible liquids begins to boil, when sum of their vapour pressure is equal to atmospheric Pressure.

• Thus in case of water & liquid which boils at much higher temp. than water, the mixture boils below the boiling point of pure water

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• For eg. Boiling point of turpentine is about 160 ºc, but when mixed with water & heated, the mixture boils at about95.5 °c. 

• At this temp. 95.5 ° c, the vapour pressure of water is 647mm & that of turpentine is 113mm of mercury, the sum is 647 + 113 = 760 mm which is equal to normal atmospheric pressure 

• From this, it will be seen that a high boiling substance may be distilled with water at temp. much below its boiling point. 

• For substances which are insoluble in water & are not decomposed by water , this provides an alternative to distillation under reduced pressure  

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