Description : The clinically used local anaesthetics have the following common features except: A. They are amphiphilic weak bases B. They are used for surgery in non-cooperative patients C. In their ... needed D. They are safer than general anaesthetics in patients with respiratory and cardiovascular disease
Last Answer : B. They are used for surgery in non-cooperative patients
Description : Cyclosporine has the following attributes except: A. It selectively suppresses humoral immunity without affecting cell mediated immunity B. It is more active as immunosuppressant when administered before antigen exposure ... It is not toxic to the bone marrow D. Its major toxicity is kidney damage
Last Answer : A. It selectively suppresses humoral immunity without affecting cell mediated immunity
Description : Adrenaline added to local anaesthetic solution for infiltration anaesthesia affords the following except: A. Prolongs the duration of local anaesthesia B. Makes the injection less painful C. Provides a more bloodless field for surgery D. Reduces systemic toxicity of the local anaesthetic
Last Answer : B. Makes the injection less painful
Description : Which of the following is not the reason for greater susceptibility of smaller sensory fibres to blockade by local anaesthetics than larger motor fibres: A. Sensory fibres are inherently ... higher frequency longer lasting action potential D. Smaller fibres have shorter critical lengths for blockade
Last Answer : A. Sensory fibres are inherently more sensitive than motor fibres
Description : Local anaesthetics block nerve conduction by: A. Blocking all cation channels in the neuronal membrane B. Hyperpolarizing the neuronal membrane C. Interfering with depolarization of the neuronal membrane D. Both ‘B’ and ‘C’ are correct
Last Answer : C. Interfering with depolarization of the neuronal membrane
Description : The following is not true of local anaesthetics: A. The local anaesthetic is required in the unionized form for penetrating the neuronal membrane B. The local anaesthetic approaches its receptor ... the resting state D. The local anaesthetic combines with its receptor in the ionized cationic form
Last Answer : C. The local anaesthetic binds to its receptor mainly when the Na+ channel is in the resting state
Description : The local anaesthetics having amide linkage differ from those having ester linkage in that the amidelinked local anaesthetics: A. Are not surface anaesthetics B. Have a shorter duration of action C. Are degraded in the plasma D. Do not show cross-sensitivity with esterlinked local anaesthetic
Last Answer : D. Do not show cross-sensitivity with esterlinked local anaesth
Description : An organ which is extremely sensitive to ammonia toxicity is (A) Liver (B) Brain (C) Kidney (D) Heart
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Low molecular weight heparins have the following advantages over unfractionated heparin except: A. Higher efficacy in arterial thrombosis B. Less frequent dosing C. Higher and more consistent subcutaneous bioavailability D. Laboratory monitoring of response not required
Last Answer : A. Higher efficacy in arterial thrombosis
Description : Glucose entry into the cells of the following organ/ tissue is highly dependent on the presence of insulin: A. Brain B. Liver C. Adipose tissue D. Kidney tubules
Last Answer : C. Adipose tissue
Description : The characteristic toxicity of doxorubicin is: A. Kidney damage B. Liver damage C. Cardiomyopathy D. Pulmonary fibrosis
Last Answer : C. Cardiomyopathy
Description : The pain sensation a. arises from stimulation of free nerve endings b. is transmitted to the central nervous system by unmyelinated C fibres c. is transmitted to the brain via the ... d. is reduced by local anaesthetics through reduction of the potassium influx into the nerve fibres
Last Answer : is transmitted to the brain via the spinothalamic tracts
Description : Injection of adrenaline along with a local anaesthetic serves the following purpose: A. Lowers the concentration of the local anaesthetic to produce nerve block B. Prolongs the duration of local anaesthesia C. Increases the anaesthetised area D. Reduces the local toxicity of the local anaesthetic
Last Answer : B. Prolongs the duration of local anaesthesia
Description : Adverse effects of ciprofloxacin are referable primarily to the following except: A. Gastrointestinal tract B. Kidney C. Skin D. Nervous system
Last Answer : B. Kidney
Description : In which diseases of the following organs, isoenzymes LDH-1 and LDH-2 will be released in plasma? (A) Kidney, R.B.C and Liver (B) Heart, Kidney and R.B.C (C) Heart, Kidney and Liver (D) Heart, Lungs and Brain
Description : ‘Bundle of His’ is a part of which one of the following organs in humans? (a) Brain (b) Heart (c) Kidney (d) Pancreas
Last Answer : (b) Heart
Description : Methotrexate has the following attributes except: A. It is cell cycle specific and kills cells in the S phase B. Its toxicity primarily affects bone marrow and epithelial structures C. Folic acid reverses its toxic effects D. It is the drug of choice for choriocarcinoma
Last Answer : C. Folic acid reverses its toxic effects
Description : The following is true of vancomycin except: A. It is a bactericidal antibiotic active primarily against gram positive bacteria B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis C. It is an alternative to penicillin for enterococcal endocarditis D. It can cause deafness as a dose related toxicity
Last Answer : B. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
Description : A diabetic develops a severe perineal infection with skin necrosis, subcutaneous crepitance, and drainage of a thin, watery, grayish and foul-smelling fluid. Management should consist of: a. Gram stain ... normal, healthy tissue can be achieved e. A colostomy is of little benefit in this situation
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d The presence of severe perineal infection (referred to as Fournier gangrene when this process involves the perineum and scrotum in males) is associated with a ... often provides improved wound care and patient management, although it is not invariably a positive outcome
Description : A purulent inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue A. Erythema B. Ecchymosis C. Cellulitis
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : Of the three layers of the skin, which is the thick, fat-containing layer? A. dermis B. epidermis C. epithelium D. subcutaneous tissue
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : Skin becomes wrinkled in the old age due to (a) loss of elastic tissue in the dermis (b) considerable slag in the rate of dividing cells in the stratum germinativum (c) gradual loss of elasticity in the subcutaneous layer (d) all of these
Last Answer : Ans:(b)
Description : During which stage of pressure ulcer development does the ulcer extend into the underlying structures, including the muscle and possibly the bone? a) Stage IV A stage IV pressure ulcer ... area of nonblanchable erythema, tissue swelling, and congestion, and the patient complains of discomfort.
Last Answer : a) Stage IV A stage IV pressure ulcer extends into the underlying structure, including the muscle and possibly the bone.
Description : During which stage of pressure ulcer development does the ulcer extend into the subcutaneous tissue? a) Stage III Clinically, a deep crater with or without undermining of adjacent tissues is ... area of nonblanchable erythema, tissue swelling, and congestion, and the patient complains of discomfort.
Last Answer : a) Stage III Clinically, a deep crater with or without undermining of adjacent tissues is noted.
Description : A layer of dead skin cells is found in the: a) subcutaneous tissue b) dermis c) epidermis d) no dead cells are in the skin
Last Answer : ANSWER: C -- EPIDERMIS
Description : Labourers who do hard manual labour develop thick skin on their palms and soles due to : (1) thick epidermis (2) thick dermis (3) thick subcutaneous tissue (4) All of these
Last Answer : All of these
Description : Infusion of potassium chloride is indicated in digitalis toxicity when the manifestation(s) is/are: A. Vomiting, hyperapnoea and visual disturbance B. Pulsus bigeminus with heart rate 110/min ... accidentally ingested 10 digoxin tablets D. 2:1 A-V block with occasional ventricular extrasystoles
Last Answer : B. Pulsus bigeminus with heart rate 110/min in a patient on maintenance digoxin therapy
Description : Select the correct statement about nitrous oxide: A. It irritates the respiratory mucosa B. It has poor analgesic action C. It is primarily used as a carrier and adjuvant to other anaesthetics D. It frequently induces post anaesthetic nausea and retching
Last Answer : C. It is primarily used as a carrier and adjuvant to other anaesthetics
Description : General anaesthetics produce immobility in response to painful surgical stimuli by acting primarily at the: A. Motor cortex B. Basal ganglia C. Thalamus D. Spinal cord
Last Answer : D. Spinal cord
Description : The preferred route of administration of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction is: A. Intravenous B. Subcutaneous C. Intracoronary
Last Answer : A. Intravenous
Description : The most effective drug for prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation patients is: A. Aspirin B. Warfarin C. Low dose subcutaneous heparin D. Digoxin
Last Answer : B. Warfarin
Description : Low dose subcutaneous heparin therapy is indicated for: A. Prevention of leg vein thrombosis in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery B. Ischaemic stroke C. Patients undergoing neurosurgery D. Prevention of extention of coronary artery thrombus in acute myocardial infarction
Last Answer : A. Prevention of leg vein thrombosis in eld
Description : The primary route of administration of insulin is: A. Intradermal B. Subcutaneous C. Intramuscular D. Intravenous
Last Answer : B. Subcutaneous
Description : As far as surgical removal of wisdom teeth is concerned which of the following is true? a- Prophylactic prescription of antibiotic reduces dramatically the chances of infection. b- Raising a lingual ... e- The use of vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics will increase the chances of infection.
Last Answer : b- Raising a lingual flap will increases the incidence of neurapraxia but will reduce the incidence of neurotmesis with respect to the lingual nerve.
Description : Which of the following local anaesthetics is indicated in case of the need to long acting one after a surgical operation, A. Lidocaine B. Mepivacaine C. Bupivacaine (Marcaine)
Last Answer : C. Bupivacaine (Marcaine)
Description : As far as surgical removal of wisdom teeth is concerned, which of the following is true?**CHECK A. Prophylactic prescription of antibiotic reduces dramatically the chances of infection B. Raising ... root E. The use of vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics will increase the chances of infection.
Last Answer : C. Prophylactic prescription of dexamethasone will dramatically reduces post operative swelling
Description : Ketone bodies are synthesized from fatty acid oxidation products by which of the following organs? (A) Liver (B) Skeletal muscles (C) Kidney (D) Brain
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Which one of the following statements is correct regarding blood pressure? (a) 130/90 mm Hg is considered high and requires treatment. (b) 100/55 mm Hg is considered an ideal blood pressure. (c) 105/50 mm Hg makes one very active. (d) 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like brain and kidney.
Last Answer : d) 190/110 mm Hg may harm vital organs like brain and kidney.
Description : Morphine induced constipation involves the following mechanisms except: A. Increase in tone and decrease in propulsive activity of intestinal muscles B. Antivagal action C. Spasm of gastrointestinal sphincters D. Reduction of gastrointestinal secretions
Last Answer : B. Antivagal action
Description : Morphine induced fall in blood pressure involves the following factors except: A. Direct cardiac depression B. Direct reduction of vascular tone C. Vasomotor centre depression D. Histamine release
Last Answer : A. Direct cardiac depression
Description : Adverse effects of ketoconazole include the following except: A. Gynaecomastia B. Oligozoospermia C. Kidney damage D. Menstrual irregularities
Last Answer : C. Kidney damage
Description : The following statements are true about imipenem except: A. It is a β-lactam antibiotic, but neither a penicillin nor a cephalosporin B. It is rapidly degraded in the kidney C. It is safe in epileptics D. It is always given in combination with cilastatin
Last Answer : C. It is safe in epileptics
Description : The following factors enhance renin release from the kidney except: A. Fall in blood pressure B. Reduction in blood volume C. Enhanced sympathetic activity D. Volume overload
Last Answer : D. Volume overload
Description : All of the following contribute to the antihypertensive action of propranolol except: A. Direct vasodilatation B. Decreased renin release from kidney C. Adaptation of blood vessels to reduced cardiac output D. Less noradrenaline release from sympathetic nerve endings
Last Answer : A. Direct vasodilatation
Description : Which one of the following organs excretes water, fat and various catabolic wastes? (1) Kidney (2) Skin (3) Spleen (4) Salivary glands
Last Answer : (1) Kidney Explanation: The kidneys are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, and regulation of ... a natural filter of the blood, and remove wastes which are diverted to the urinary bladder.
Description : Which one of the following organs excretes water, fat and various catabolic wastes ? (1) Kidney (2) Skin (3) Spleen (4) Salivary glands
Last Answer : Kidney
Description : Calcitriol synthesis involves (A) Both liver and kidney (B) Intestine (C) Adipose tissue (D) Muscle
Description : Which of the following is not true of the blood-brain barrier: A. It is constituted by tight junctions between the endothelial cells of brain capillaries and the glial tissue B. It allows passage ... of highly ionized drugs into the brain D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood
Last Answer : D. It regulates passage of substances from brain into blood