(a) Internal division: If P(x, y) divides the line segment formed by the joining of the points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) internally in the ratio m1 : m2. Then\(x=rac{m_1x_2+m_2x_1}{m_1+m_2}\) and \(y=rac{m_1y_2+m_2y_1}{m_1+m_2}\)(b) External division: If P(x, y) divides the line segment formed by the joining of the points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) externally in the ratio m1 : m2, then \(x=rac{m_1x_2-m_2x_1}{m_1-m_2}\) and \(y=rac{m_1y_2-m_2y_1}{m_1-m_2}\)(c) Mid-point formula: Putting the ratio as m1 : m2 = 1 : 1, the co-ordinates of the mid-point are \(\bigg(rac{x_1+x_2}{2},rac{y_1+y_2}{2}\bigg)\).