11) The only service that both rack jobbers and cash -and -carry wholesalers perform is A)personal sales calls on customers. B)providing credit to customers. C)delivering merchandise to customers. D)providing advice to customers. E)physical possession of merchandise.

11) The only service that both rack jobbers and cash -and -carry wholesalers perform is  A)personal sales calls on customers. B)providing credit to customers. C)delivering merchandise to customers. D)providing advice to customers. E)physical possession of merchandise.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

E)physical possession of merchandise.
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Related questions

___________ provide a convenient and effective method of selling small items to customers in remote areas that other wholesalers might find unprofitable to serve. A)Mail -order wholesalers B)Specialty -line wholesalers C)Cash -and -carry wholesalers D)Truck wholesalers E)Desk jobbers

Description : ___________ provide a convenient and effective method of selling small items to customers in remote areas that other wholesalers might find unprofitable to serve. A)Mail -order wholesalers B)Specialty -line wholesalers C)Cash -and -carry wholesalers D)Truck wholesalers E)Desk jobbers

Last Answer : A)Mail -order wholesalers

Cash -and -carry wholesalers are __________ wholesalers. A)full -lineB)specialty -line C)full -service D)limited -service E)general merchandise

Description : Cash -and -carry wholesalers are __________ wholesalers. A)full -lineB)specialty -line C)full -service D)limited -service E)general merchandise

Last Answer : D)limited -service

Based on what he has heard regarding the profitability of such items, Fred Goldstein is considering adding a fresh shellfish case in his grocery store. Fred knows very little about this product or the concerns of shoppers who buy shellfish. He is looking for help in display set -up and merchandising ideas. He should contact which one of the following types of wholesalers? A)Limited -line B)Specialty -line C)General merchandise D)Rack jobber E)Limited -service merchant

Description : Based on what he has heard regarding the profitability of such items, Fred Goldstein is considering adding a fresh shellfish case in his grocery store. Fred knows very little about this product or ... )Limited -line B)Specialty -line C)General merchandise D)Rack jobber E)Limited -service merchant

Last Answer : B)Specialty -line C)General merchandise

If a retailer needed help with store design and training sales personnel, it would most likely use the services of a A)full -service wholesaler. B)full -price wholesaler. C)rack jobber. D)cash -and -carry wholesaler.

Description : If a retailer needed help with store design and training sales personnel, it would most likely use the services of a A)full -service wholesaler. B)full -price wholesaler. C)rack jobber. D)cash -and -carry wholesaler.

Last Answer : A)full -service wholesaler

Drop shippers A)take title to but not physical possession of the goods. B)do not take title to or physical possession of the goods. C)take title to and physical possession of the goods. D)do not take title to but take physical possession of the goods. E)are similar to truck wholesalers but provide the extra service of placing products on retailers' shelves.

Description : Drop shippers A)take title to but not physical possession of the goods. B)do not take title to or physical possession of the goods. C)take title to and physical possession of the goods. ... . E)are similar to truck wholesalers but provide the extra service of placing products on retailers' shelves.

Last Answer : A)take title to but not physical possession of the goods.

By buying in large quantities and delivering to customers in smaller lots, a wholesaler may perform all of the following physical distribution activities except A)inventory planning. B)transportation. C)materials handling. D)unit pricing. E)communication.

Description : By buying in large quantities and delivering to customers in smaller lots, a wholesaler may perform all of the following physical distribution activities except A)inventory planning. B)transportation. C)materials handling. D)unit pricing. E)communication.

Last Answer : D)unit pricing.

All of the following are types of limited -service merchant wholesalers except A)cash -and -carry wholesalers. B)truck wholesalers. C)mail -order wholesalers. D)specialty -line wholesalers. E)drop shippers.

Description : All of the following are types of limited -service merchant wholesalers except A)cash -and -carry wholesalers. B)truck wholesalers. C)mail -order wholesalers. D)specialty -line wholesalers. E)drop shippers.

Last Answer : D)specialty -line wholesalers

Which type of wholesaler not only provides transportation and delivers products to retailers, but also provides the service of placing products on retailers' shelves? A)Truck wholesaler B)Cash -and -carry wholesaler C)Rack jobber D)Drop shipper E)Mai l -order wholesaler

Description : Which type of wholesaler not only provides transportation and delivers products to retailers, but also provides the service of placing products on retailers' shelves? A)Truck wholesaler B)Cash -and -carry wholesaler C)Rack jobber D)Drop shipper E)Mai l -order wholesaler

Last Answer : C)Rack jobber

Sandra, a new salesperson for Brenham Foods calls in an order for twice the amount of merchandise that Corner Market requested because she knows that it will increase her sales and will not be noticed by Corner Market. This relates to ------- as an influence in ethical decision making. A)opportunity B)exposure C)significant others D)peers E)external rewards

Description : Sandra, a new salesperson for Brenham Foods calls in an order for twice the amount of merchandise that Corner Market requested because she knows that it will increase her sales and will not ... in ethical decision making. A)opportunity B)exposure C)significant others D)peers E)external rewards

Last Answer : A)opportunity

Northern Foods is using sales promotion to motivate wholesalers and retailers to carry a new product and to market the product aggressively. What type of sales promotion is the company using? A)Consumer sales promotion B)Product sales promotion C)Trade sales promotion D)Merchandising promotion E)Pull promotion

Description : Northern Foods is using sales promotion to motivate wholesalers and retailers to carry a new product and to market the product aggressively. What type of sales promotion is the company ... sales promotion B)Product sales promotion C)Trade sales promotion D)Merchandising promotion E)Pull promotion

Last Answer : C)Trade sales promotion

What type of wholesaler is most often used for large -volume purchases of bulky goods like coal, oil, and chemicals? A)A rack jobber B)A truck wholesaler C)A drop shipper D)A cash -and -carry wholesaler E)A bulk distributor

Description : What type of wholesaler is most often used for large -volume purchases of bulky goods like coal, oil, and chemicals? A)A rack jobber B)A truck wholesaler C)A drop shipper D)A cash -and -carry wholesaler E)A bulk distributor

Last Answer : C)A drop shipper

The Sales Returns and Allowances account does not provide information to management about a. possible inferior merchandise. b. the percentage of credit sales versus cash sales. c. inefficiencies in filling orders. d. errors in overbilling customers.

Description : The Sales Returns and Allowances account does not provide information to management about a. possible inferior merchandise. b. the percentage of credit sales versus cash sales. c. inefficiencies in filling orders. d. errors in overbilling customers.

Last Answer : b. the percentage of credit sales versus cash sales.

Wholesalers perform functions or services for which of the following organisations? A)Only those above them in the marketing channel B)Those above and below them in the marketing channel C)Only those below them in the marketing channel D)Producers only

Description : Wholesalers perform functions or services for which of the following organisations? A)Only those above them in the marketing channel B)Those above and below them in the marketing channel C)Only those below them in the marketing channel D)Producers only

Last Answer : B)Those above and below them in the marketing channel

Select the TRUE statement. A)Wholesaling activities must be performed during distribution of all goods, whether or not a wholesaling institution is involved. B)Only wholesaling establishments can perform wholesaling activities. C)Wholesaling is an inefficient process that should be eliminated from the marketing channel. D)The biggest problem with the wholesaling process is that inefficient wholesalers are not eliminated.

Description : Select the TRUE statement. A)Wholesaling activities must be performed during distribution of all goods, whether or not a wholesaling institution is involved. B)Only wholesaling establishments ... )The biggest problem with the wholesaling process is that inefficient wholesalers are not eliminated.

Last Answer : A)Wholesaling activities must be performed during distribution of all goods, whether or not a wholesaling institution is involved.

The primary advantage of automatic vending as a form of retailing is that: A)it provides continuous service to customers. B)it eliminates the need for sales personnel. C)vending machines require little maintenance. D)it offers a low cost, personal method of selling.

Description : The primary advantage of automatic vending as a form of retailing is that: A)it provides continuous service to customers. B)it eliminates the need for sales personnel. C)vending machines require little maintenance. D)it offers a low cost, personal method of selling.

Last Answer : B)it eliminates the need for sales personnel.

An appliance manufacturer that sells to large retail stores, wholesalers, and institutions would probably organise its marketing unit on the basis of A)subregions. B)national divisions. C)types of customers. D)functions.

Description : An appliance manufacturer that sells to large retail stores, wholesalers, and institutions would probably organise its marketing unit on the basis of A)subregions. B)national divisions. C)types of customers. D)functions.

Last Answer : C)types of customers.

By buying in large quantities and delivering to customers in smaller lots, a wholesaler may perform all of the following physical distributi9on activities except 1. inventory planning 2. transportation 3. materials handling 4. unit pricing 5. communication

Description : By buying in large quantities and delivering to customers in smaller lots, a wholesaler may perform all of the following physical distributi9on activities except 1. inventory planning 2. transportation 3. materials handling 4. unit pricing 5. communication

Last Answer : unit pricing

Physical distribution A)is concerned mainly with speed of delivery. B)is used only by manufacturers. C)involves the movement of products from producers to end users. D)is primarily the wholesaler's responsibility.

Description : Physical distribution A)is concerned mainly with speed of delivery. B)is used only by manufacturers. C)involves the movement of products from producers to end users. D)is primarily the wholesaler's responsibility.

Last Answer : C)involves the movement of products from producers to end users.

Personal selling tries to achieve three general goals: finding prospects, convincing prospects to buy, and A)monitoring new products being developed. B)being aware of competitors' sales activities. C)depending on one -sale customers. D)avoiding repeat sales. E)keeping customers satisfied.

Description : Personal selling tries to achieve three general goals: finding prospects, convincing prospects to buy, and A)monitoring new products being developed. B)being aware of competitors' sales activities. C)depending on one -sale customers. D)avoiding repeat sales. E)keeping customers satisfied.

Last Answer : E)keeping customers satisfied.

A cash -and -carry wholesaler would be expected to A)provide transportation. B)handle high turnover products. C)provide credit. D)carry a wide variety of products. E)provide a wide range of services.

Description : A cash -and -carry wholesaler would be expected to A)provide transportation. B)handle high turnover products. C)provide credit. D)carry a wide variety of products. E)provide a wide range of services.

Last Answer : B)handle high turnover products

If a company's customers are concentrated in a small geographic area and the company sells technical products, which promotion method will it most likely use? A)Advertising B)Publicity C)Personal selling D)Sales promotion

Description : If a company's customers are concentrated in a small geographic area and the company sells technical products, which promotion method will it most likely use? A)Advertising B)Publicity C)Personal selling D)Sales promotion

Last Answer : C)Personal selling

A marketer of industrial cleaning equipment is creating a marketing mix to satisfy potential customers. As a business to business marketer which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in the company's marketing mix? A)Machine servicing B)A higher price for higher -quality products C)Technical advice about the product D)Credit extension E)Extensive television advertising

Description : A marketer of industrial cleaning equipment is creating a marketing mix to satisfy potential customers. As a business to business marketer which of the following is LEAST likely to be ... -quality products C)Technical advice about the product D)Credit extension E)Extensive television advertising

Last Answer : E)Extensive television advertising

Montgomery Transport, a freight carrier, serves as __________ in the marketing channels in which it participates. A)a drop shipper B)a rack jobber C)a sales office D)an agent E)a facilitating agency

Description : Montgomery Transport, a freight carrier, serves as __________ in the marketing channels in which it participates. A)a drop shipper B)a rack jobber C)a sales office D)an agent E)a facilitating agency

Last Answer : E)a facilitating agency

Rapid Parcel Service is a transportation company that producers use to forward freight to customers. This example illustrates wholesaling functions performed by: A)sales offices B)sales branches C)public warehouses D)facilitating agencies E)warehousing agencies

Description : Rapid Parcel Service is a transportation company that producers use to forward freight to customers. This example illustrates wholesaling functions performed by: A)sales offices B)sales branches C)public warehouses D)facilitating agencies E)warehousing agencies

Last Answer : D)facilitating agencies

The channel that includes both a manufacturers' agent and an industrial distributor may be appropriate under which of the following circumstances? A)When the firm wants specialised personnel to follow up the work of the sales force B)When the marketer wishes to enter a new geographic market but does not wish to expand the existing sales force C)When only one or two channels of distribution are available for products D)When the sales force is large and the marketer is thinking of cutting it down E)When customers are highly concentrated in one geographic area

Description : The channel that includes both a manufacturers' agent and an industrial distributor may be appropriate under which of the following circumstances? A)When the firm wants specialised personnel to follow ... is thinking of cutting it down E)When customers are highly concentrated in one geographic area

Last Answer : B)When the marketer wishes to enter a new geographic market but does not wish to expand the existing sales force

Which of the following is a full -service merchant wholesaler? A)Cash -and -carry wholesaler B)Limited -line wholesaler C)Drop shipper D)Mail -order wholesaler E)Functional middleman

Description : Which of the following is a full -service merchant wholesaler? A)Cash -and -carry wholesaler B)Limited -line wholesaler C)Drop shipper D)Mail -order wholesaler E)Functional middleman

Last Answer : B)Limited -line wholesaler

From a retailer's point of view, the MOST basic advantage of using a wholesaler is that the wholesaler A)extends credit to the retailer. B)provides storage facilities to the retailer. C)can perform physical distribution activities more efficiently than the retailer. D)takes ownership of goods for the retailer.

Description : From a retailer's point of view, the MOST basic advantage of using a wholesaler is that the wholesaler A)extends credit to the retailer. B)provides storage facilities to the retailer ... physical distribution activities more efficiently than the retailer. D)takes ownership of goods for the retailer.

Last Answer : C)can perform physical distribution activities more efficiently than the retailer.

10) First National Bank launches an innovative in-home banking system tied to personal computers. The product is not widely accepted because bank customers don't see the need for such a service. This situation represents a failure in which A)Establishment of a customer information system B)Organisation structure C)Top management commitment D)Technological advance E)Scanning corporate capabilities

Description : 10) First National Bank launches an innovative in-home banking system tied to personal computers. The product is not widely accepted because bank customers don't see the need ... B)Organisation structure C)Top management commitment D)Technological advance E)Scanning corporate capabilities

Last Answer : A)Establishment of a customer information system

A primary goal of routing and scheduling decisions is to A)determine the sequence in which customers will be called on. B)use existing transportation facilities. C)minimize nonselling time. D)determine frequency and duration of calls.

Description : A primary goal of routing and scheduling decisions is to A)determine the sequence in which customers will be called on. B)use existing transportation facilities. C)minimize nonselling time. D)determine frequency and duration of calls.

Last Answer : C)minimize nonselling time.

Legal and General Insurance uses "the umbrella" to communicate protection to its customers. This illustrates the company's attempt to help customers understand the service by: A)emphasising tangible cues in promoting the service. B)personal selling of the service. C)utilising publicity techniques to enhance the service. D)distributing the service directly through television.

Description : Legal and General Insurance uses "the umbrella" to communicate protection to its customers. This illustrates the company's attempt to help customers understand the service by: A) ... utilising publicity techniques to enhance the service. D)distributing the service directly through television.

Last Answer : A)emphasising tangible cues in promoting the service.

Relationships among channel members, i.e. producers, wholesalers and retailers, are usually : A)short-term commitments. B)long-term commitments. C)expensive resource commitments. D)only minor commitments.

Description : Relationships among channel members, i.e. producers, wholesalers and retailers, are usually : A)short-term commitments. B)long-term commitments. C)expensive resource commitments. D)only minor commitments.

Last Answer : B)long-term commitments.

Own label brands are initiated and owned by A)manufacturers only. B)manufacturers and retailers. C)wholesalers only. D)manufacturers and wholesalers. E)wholesalers or retailers.

Description : Own label brands are initiated and owned by A)manufacturers only. B)manufacturers and retailers. C)wholesalers only. D)manufacturers and wholesalers. E)wholesalers or retailers.

Last Answer : E)wholesalers or retailers.

If an intermediary wants to carry Tide detergent and Procter & Gamble agrees only if the supplier purchases P&G's entire line of detergents as well, the company is engaging in which of the following channel management practices? A)Exclusive dealing B)Dual distribution C)Tying agreement D)Refusal to deal E)Restricted sales territories

Description : If an intermediary wants to carry Tide detergent and Procter & Gamble agrees only if the supplier purchases P&G's entire line of detergents as well, the company is engaging in which of the ... A)Exclusive dealing B)Dual distribution C)Tying agreement D)Refusal to deal E)Restricted sales territories

Last Answer : C)Tying agreement

Sales objectives for individual salespersons can be stated using several terms. Which of the following would LEAST likely be used for stating an individual salesperson's goal? A)Unit volume sales B)Average order size C)Ratio of profits relative to number of sales calls D)Average number of calls per time period

Description : Sales objectives for individual salespersons can be stated using several terms. Which of the following would LEAST likely be used for stating an individual salesperson's goal? A)Unit volume sales B) ... Ratio of profits relative to number of sales calls D)Average number of calls per time period

Last Answer : C)Ratio of profits relative to number of sales calls

Historically, Knox PLC sold industrial clamps directly to firms using these items in their production process. Knox's Chairman believes that it may be time to start using an industrial distributor because of the ability of such firms to: A)provide Knox with market information. B)supply technical information to Knox. C)provide customers with more competitive pricing. D)carry a more complete line of Knox clamps. E)market the products to Knox specifications.

Description : Historically, Knox PLC sold industrial clamps directly to firms using these items in their production process. Knox's Chairman believes that it may be time to start using an industrial distributor because ... D)carry a more complete line of Knox clamps. E)market the products to Knox specifications.

Last Answer : A)provide Knox with market information.

OES Office Systems' use of fax machines to carry its advertising messages to customers is which component of the communication process? A)Medium of transmission. B)Decoding process. C)Coding process. D)Sharing of meaning. E)Noise minimisation.

Description : OES Office Systems' use of fax machines to carry its advertising messages to customers is which component of the communication process? A)Medium of transmission. B)Decoding process. C)Coding process. D)Sharing of meaning. E)Noise minimisation.

Last Answer : A)Medium of transmission.

Joan recently changed employers within the same industry. At her old company, employees routinely took home company pens, pencils, and note pads, and they frequently made personal long -distance calls on company phones. Joan observes that employees do not engage in such practices at her new company. What Joan sees could best be described as a difference in A)significant others. B)profit objectives. C)corporate culture. D)legal climate. E)corporate goals.

Description : Joan recently changed employers within the same industry. At her old company, employees routinely took home company pens, pencils, and note pads, and they frequently made personal long -distance ... A)significant others. B)profit objectives. C)corporate culture. D)legal climate. E)corporate goals

Last Answer : D)legal climate

4) The channel that includes both a manufacturer's agent and an industrial distributor may be appropriate under which of the following circumstances? A)When a marketer wishes to enter a new geographic market but does not wish to expand the existing sales force B)When the sales force is large and the marketer is thinking of cutting it down C)When customers are highly concentrated in one geographic area

Description : 4) The channel that includes both a manufacturer's agent and an industrial distributor may be appropriate under which of the following circumstances? A)When a marketer wishes to enter a new ... marketer is thinking of cutting it down C)When customers are highly concentrated in one geographic area

Last Answer : A)When a marketer wishes to enter a new geographic market but does not wish to expand the existing sales force

If a pull policy is to be used in promoting a product, the firm A)promotes directly to consumers. B)promotes only to the next marketing institution down the marketing channel. C)promotes the product to retail stores only. D)promotes the product to wholesalers only.

Description : If a pull policy is to be used in promoting a product, the firm A)promotes directly to consumers. B)promotes only to the next marketing institution down the marketing channel. C)promotes the product to retail stores only. D)promotes the product to wholesalers only.

Last Answer : A)promotes directly to consumers.

If the push policy is used in promoting a product, the firm A)promotes directly to consumers. B)promotes only to the next institution in the marketing channel. C)promotes the product to wholesalers only. D)promotes the product to retailers only

Description : If the push policy is used in promoting a product, the firm A)promotes directly to consumers. B)promotes only to the next institution in the marketing channel. C)promotes the product to wholesalers only. D)promotes the product to retailers only

Last Answer : B)promotes only to the next institution in the marketing channel.

The marketing concept is a philosophy that states that an organisation should try to satisfy customers' needs and at the same time: A)increase market share. B)increase sales. C)achieve the organisation's goals. D)always produce high E)quality products.

Description : The marketing concept is a philosophy that states that an organisation should try to satisfy customers' needs and at the same time: A)increase market share. B)increase sales. C)achieve the organisation's goals. D)always produce high E)quality products.

Last Answer : C)achieve the organisation's goals.

One of the results of the consolidation of wholesaling firms is A)a trend toward globalization of world markets. B)that more wholesalers are becoming specialists. C)changes in the marketing environments. D)that wholesalers are losing their power over retailers. E)increased competition among retailers.

Description : One of the results of the consolidation of wholesaling firms is A)a trend toward globalization of world markets. B)that more wholesalers are becoming specialists. C)changes in the marketing ... . D)that wholesalers are losing their power over retailers. E)increased competition among retailers.

Last Answer : B)that more wholesalers are becoming specialists.

One difference between manufacturers' agents and selling agents is that A)selling agents have little control over the marketing mix of the manufacturers they represent. B)selling agents represent retailers. C)manufacturers' agents are not able to offer retailers aid in advertising or other promotional material. D)selling agents seldom have the territorial restrictions that manufacturers' agents do. E)selling agents represent wholesalers.

Description : One difference between manufacturers' agents and selling agents is that A)selling agents have little control over the marketing mix of the manufacturers they represent. B)selling agents ... have the territorial restrictions that manufacturers' agents do. E)selling agents represent wholesalers.

Last Answer : E)selling agents represent wholesalers.

Which of the following is NOT a factor used to classify wholesalers? A)Whether the wholesaler is owned by the producer B)Whether the wholesaler takes title to the products it handles C)The range of services offered by the wholesaler D)The price range of the products carried by the wholesaler E)The breadth and depth of the product lines carried by the wholesaler

Description : Which of the following is NOT a factor used to classify wholesalers? A)Whether the wholesaler is owned by the producer B)Whether the wholesaler takes title to the products it handles C)The ... products carried by the wholesaler E)The breadth and depth of the product lines carried by the wholesaler

Last Answer : D)The price range of the products carried by the wholesale

Of the following functions, which set is MOST likely to be passed on to wholesalers by producers? A)Transportation, packaging, and financing B)Product development, advertising, and financing C)Warehousing, transportation, and advertising D)Financing, transportation, and branding E)Market information, transportation, warehousing, and financing

Description : Of the following functions, which set is MOST likely to be passed on to wholesalers by producers? A)Transportation, packaging, and financing B)Product development, advertising, and ... D)Financing, transportation, and branding E)Market information, transportation, warehousing, and financing

Last Answer : E)Market information, transportation, warehousing, and financing

Del Monte markets ketchup for household use to supermarkets through grocery wholesalers, and it markets ketchup for institutional use through industrial distributors and food brokers. Del Monte is using A)dual distribution. B)industrial distribution. C)strategic channel alliance. D)supply chain management. E)an unethical marketing channel.

Description : Del Monte markets ketchup for household use to supermarkets through grocery wholesalers, and it markets ketchup for institutional use through industrial distributors and food brokers. Del Monte is using ... . C)strategic channel alliance. D)supply chain management. E)an unethical marketing channel.

Last Answer : A)dual distribution.

6) Nationally distributed consumer convenience products such as cigarettes are MOST likely distributed through which of the following channels? A)Producer, consumers B)Producer, agents, wholesalers, retailers, consumers C)Producer, wholesalers, consumers D)Producer, wholesalers, retailers, consumers E)Producer, industrial distributor, wholesalers, retailers, consumers

Description : 6) Nationally distributed consumer convenience products such as cigarettes are MOST likely distributed through which of the following channels? A)Producer, consumers B)Producer, agents, ... , wholesalers, retailers, consumers E)Producer, industrial distributor, wholesalers, retailers, consumers

Last Answer : D)Producer, wholesalers, retailers, consumers

Few supermarkets would try to replace a national brand of baby food with their own brand. Assuming that this is true, we have a good example of channel leadership by A)wholesalers. B)producers. C)retailers. D)agents. E)brokers.

Description : Few supermarkets would try to replace a national brand of baby food with their own brand. Assuming that this is true, we have a good example of channel leadership by A)wholesalers. B)producers. C)retailers. D)agents. E)brokers.

Last Answer : B)producers.

Large retailers such as Tesco and Marks and Spencer are MOST likely to participate in which of the following channels? A)Producer, industrial distributors, retailers, consumers B)Producer, consumers C)Producer, wholesalers, retailers, consumers D)Producer, retailers, consumers E)Producer, agents, wholesalers, retailers, consumers 8) Which of the following statements is considered to be a DISADVANTAGE of using

Description : Large retailers such as Tesco and Marks and Spencer are MOST likely to participate in which of the following channels? A)Producer, industrial distributors, retailers, consumers B)Producer, consumers C) ... , consumers 8) Which of the following statements is considered to be a DISADVANTAGE of using

Last Answer : D)Producer, retailers, consumers