Define the terms. (i)Factor of safety (ii)working stress

Define the terms. (i)Factor of safety (ii)working stress
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Answer :

(i) Factor of Safety: Factor of safety is defined as the ratio of the maximum stress to the working stress or design stress. Mathematically, 

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In Case of Ductile Material,

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(ii) Working Stress: It is defined as the ratio of actual axial load and the original cross section of the specimen 

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