Description : If one amino acid is fed excess, the absorption of another is (A) Slightly accelerated (B) Moderately accelerated (C) Highly accelerated (D) Retarded
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Over the last fifteen years the proportion of promotional dollars spent on sales promotion has A)increased at the expense of advertising. B)remained generally constant. C)declined slightly and the ... has increased moderately. D)increased and the proportion spent on advertising has risen as well.
Last Answer : A)increased at the expense of advertising.
Description : Blood chemistry shows the following changes in compensated respiratory acidosis: (A) Increased pCO2 (B) Increased bicarbonate (C) Decreased chloride (D) All of these
Description : Ammonia intoxication symptoms occur when brain ammonia levels are (A) Slightly diminished (B) Highly diminished (C) Increased (D) All of these
Last Answer : Answer : C
Description : All the following changes in blood chemistry can occur in severe diarrhoea except (A) Decreased pH (B) Decreased bicarbonate (C) Increased pCO2 (D) Increased chloride WATER AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 287
Description : Satellite DNA contains (A) Highly repetitive sequences (B) Moderately repetitive sequences (C) Non-repetitive sequences (D) DNA-RNA hybrids
Last Answer : Answer : A
Description : Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea
Description : A young child presents with respiratory distress, worsening over 2 days. Blood gases show a pH of 7.25, a PCO2 of 7.5kPa, a PO2 of 8.5kPa, and a base excess of -4. Which of the ... required. 4) Results are consistent with late severe asthma. 5) Bicarbonate may be necessary to correct the acidosis.
Last Answer : Answers-4 In interpreting blood gas results, the following sequence may be useful: Inspect the pH: Is it low, normal or high? Inspect the CO2: Is it low, normal or high? Inspect the PO2: Is ... excess and normal pH. Bicarbonate is usually only considered if the base deficit exceeds about -8 or 00.
Description : Which of the following concerning the pH of urine is correct? 1) is a useful indicator of the acid/base balance of the blood 2) rises on a vegetarian diet 3) is determined by the concentration of ... lower than 5.5 in renal tubular acidosis 5) would be above 7.0 after prolonged and severe vomiting
Last Answer : Answers-2 c - excretion of ammonium occurs when an acid urine is produced but the pH of urine is of course determined by the concentration of H+ ions d-unable to lower the pH to ... and distal nephron and this perpetuates the metabolic alkalosis until the fluid balance is restored with IV fluids.
Description : All the following statements about renal tubular acidosis are correct except (A) Renal tubules may be unable to reabsorb bicarbonate (B) Renal tubules may be unable to secrete hydrogen ions (C) Plasma chloride is elevated (D) Anion gap is decreased
Description : All the following features are found in blood chemistry in uncompensated lactic acidosis except (A) pH is decreased (B) Bicarbonate is decreased (C) pCO2 is normal (D) Anion gap is normal
Description : Plasma bicarbonate is decreased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Respiratory acidosis (C) Metabolic alkalosis (D) Metabolic acidosis
Description : A 73 year old male presented with an acute attack of gout in his left knee. What is the most likely underlying metabolic cause? 1) decreased renal excretion of uric acid 2) endogenous overproduction of uric acid 3) excessive dietary purine intake 4) lactic acidosis 5) starvation
Last Answer : Answers-1 The aetiology of gout can broadly be divided into cases where there is underexcretion of urate via the kidney (90%) or endogenous overproduction of uric acid (10%) although in practical ... diuretic use. Excessive dietary intake of purines is unlikely to be the main cause in this case.
Description : Acidosis is the condition in which the blood pH is abnormally low. Alkalosis is the condition in which the blood pH is abnormally high. Normal pH levels for the human blood are between 7.35 and 7.45 - slightly alkaline.
Last Answer : How does the breathing process correct acidosis?
Description : In a moderately sized packed absorption tower, channelling (which is most severe with stacked packings) can be minimised by taking the ratio of tower diameter to packing diameter (A) > 4 :1 (B) < 8 : 1 (C) > 8:1 (D) < 6:1
Last Answer : (C) > 8:1
Description : If PE denotes monthly average value of potential evapo–transpiration and R stands for monthly average rainfall, the period having PE/4 greater than or equal to R, is designated as...... (A) Moist (B) Humid (C) Moderately Dry (D) Severe Drought (E) Dry
Last Answer : (C) Moderately Dry
Description : component of the management of moderately severe diabetic ketoacidosis: A. Insulin B. Intravenous fluids C. Potassium chloride D. Sodium bicarbonate
Last Answer : D. Sodium bicarbonate
Description : Which of the following measures is not an essential component of the management of moderately severe diabetic ketoacidosis: A. Insulin B. Intravenous fluids C. Potassium chloride D. Sodium bicarbonate
Last Answer : . Sodium bicarbonate
Description : Essential amino acids have been advocated as standard therapy for renal failure. Which of the following statements are true? A. Increased survival from acute renal failure has been reported ... BUN and creatinine to the same degree as solutions containing excessive nonessential amino acids.
Last Answer : Answer: BC DISCUSSION: Essential amino acids and hypertonic dextrose, as opposed to hypertonic dextrose alone, was reported by Abel and co-workers to be associated with a decreased mortality rate ... renal failure have not been carried out in sufficient numbers to yield answers to this question
Description : An increase in the NH3 /CO2 ratio in urea manufacture results in (A) Increased degree of conversion of CO2 to urea (B) Decreased degree of conversion of NH3 to urea (C) Decreased yield of urea (D) Decreased specific volume of molten mass
Last Answer : (A) Increased degree of conversion of CO2 to urea
Description : Though kinetics of ammonia synthesis dictates the use of low temperature for high equilibrium conversion, yet it is kept moderately high (550°C), because at low temperature (A) Rate of reaction is very low ... (C) Space velocity of gas is very low resulting in decreased conversion (D) None of these
Last Answer : (A) Rate of reaction is very low
Description : Methyl isocyanate (MIC) gas (TLV
Last Answer : (D) Very extremely
Description : Permissible safe limit (TLV) of __________ toxic gas is 100-1000 parts per million (ppm). (A) Highly (B) Moderately (C) Extremely (D) Very extremely
Last Answer : (B) Moderately
Description : Q scores are generally ........ correlated with academic performance. Options: A) least B) perfectly C) highly D) moderately
Last Answer : C) highly
Description : Acute renal failure (ARF) may be caused by all of the following except (a) Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) due to drug therapy (e.g., aminoglycosides, contrast media) (b) Severe hypotension ... (c) Decreased cardiac output, as from congestive heart failure (d) Hemolysis, myoglobinuria (e) Hyperkalemia
Last Answer : Ans: E
Description : Salicylate poisoning can cause (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis with normal anion gap (C) Metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap (D) Metabolic alkalosis
Description : Anion gap is increased in (A) Renal tubular acidosis (B) Metabolic acidosis resulting from diarrhoea (C) Metabolic acidosis resulting from intestinal obstruction (D) Diabetic ketoacidosis
Last Answer : Answer : B
Description : Total CO2 is increased in (A) Respiratory acidosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Both respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis (D) Respiratory alkalosis
Description : Plasma bicarbonate is increased in (A) Respiratory alkalosis (B) Metabolic alkalosis (C) Respiratory acidosis (D) Metabolic acidosis
Description : Which of the following is true concerning a 68 year old male with type 2 diabetes diagnosed with type IV renal tubal acidosis? 1) Aminoaciduria would be expected. 2) Fludrocortisone treatment is effective ... 4) Increased urinary bicarbonate would be expected. 5) Normal renal handling of K+ and H+
Last Answer : Answers-2 H+ secretion, sodium reabsorption and ammonia production diminishes. RTA 4 is in effect hyporeninaemic hypoaldosteronism or failure of aldosterone action and thus helped treated with ... particularly. Aminoaciduria and increased urine bicarbonate are features of RTA types 1 and 2.
Description : The density of lipoproteins increases as the protein content (A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Highly decreases (D) Slightly and promptly decreases
Description : A 54-year-old woman with severe hypercholesterolemia is to be treated with a combination of niacin and atorvastatin. With this drug combination, it is important that the patient be monitored closely for signs of (a) Agranulocytosis (b) Gallstones (c) Lactic acidosis (d) Myopathy (e) Thyrotoxicosis
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : The major limitation of the thiazolidinediones in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is: A. Frequent hypoglycaemic episodes B. Hyperinsulinemia C. Lactic acidosis D. Low hypoglycaemic efficacy in moderate to severe cases
Last Answer : D. Low hypoglycaemic efficacy in moderate to severe cases
Description : Which of the following statements about the preparation and storage of blood components is/are true? A. Solutions containing citrate prevent coagulation by binding calcium. B. The ... cells includes development of acidosis, hyperkalemia, and decreased intracellular 2,3DPG (diphosphoglycerate).
Last Answer : Answer: ABD DISCUSSION: After blood has been collected from a donor, it is anticoagulated with a solution containing citrate, which acts by binding calcium. Blood is then separated into its ... transfusion or produce effects other than those predicted based on the content of the unit of blood
Description : Following is a normal overnight fast and a cup of black coffee, a diabetic woman feels slightly nausious and decides to skip breakfast. However she does take her shot of insulin. This may result in (A) Heightened glycogenolysis (B) Hypoglycemia (C) Increased lipolysis (D) Glycosuria
Description : Invasive hemodynamic monitoring using a Swan-Gantz catheter is essential in the optimal management of patients in shock or those suffering post-shock sequelae. Which of the following physiologic ... , increased SVR d. Neurogenic shock: Decreased PCWP, increased cardiac output, decreased SVR
Last Answer : Answer: a, c
Description : An increase in foreign income generally leads to: a) increased exports, increased domestic output b) decreased exports, increased domestic output c) decreased exports, decreased domestic output d) increased exports, decreased domestic output
Last Answer : a) increased exports, increased domestic output Foreign income is brought by exports and leads to further exports in future, and increased exports means increase in domestic output to meet the demand of exports.
Description : A classic sign of cardiogenic shock is a) Tissue hypoperfusion Tissue hypoperfusion is manifested as cerebral hypoxia (restlessness, confusion, agitation). b) High blood pressure Low blood pressure is ... . d) Increased urinary output Decreased urinary output is a classic sign of cardiogenic shock.
Last Answer : a) Tissue hypoperfusion Tissue hypoperfusion is manifested as cerebral hypoxia (restlessness, confusion, agitation).
Description : For individuals known to be dying by virtue of age and/or diagnoses, which of the following signs indicate approaching death: a) Increased restlessness As the oxygen supply to the ... Increased urinary output Based upon decreased intake, urinary output generally decreases in amount and frequency.
Last Answer : a) Increased restlessness As the oxygen supply to the brain decreases, the patient may become restless.
Description : Assertion A: For a given depth of cut, the output of a power shovel can be increased by decreasing the angle of swing. Reason R: If the angle of swing is decreased, the cycle time will be decreased. Select the ... explanation of A (C) A is true but R is false (D) A is false but R is true
Last Answer : (A) Both A and R is true and R is the correct explanation of A
Description : Output of a bulldozer is (i) Increased if drawbar HP of the tractor is increased for a given hauling distance (ii) Decreased if drawbar HP of the tractor is increased for a given hauling distance (iii) Increased ... ) are correct (C) (ii) and (iii) are correct (D) (ii) and (iv) are correct
Last Answer : (B) (i) and (iv) are correct
Description : Which of the following statements about respiratory acidosis are true? A. Compensation occurs by a shift of chloride out of the red blood cells. B. Renal compensation occurs rapidly. C. Retention of ... of respiratory acidosis. E. The ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is less than 20:1.
Last Answer : Answer: CE DISCUSSION: Renal compensation for acute hypoventilation is relatively slow. Depression of the respiratory center by morphine can lead to respiratory acidosis. Renal retention of bicarbonate, ... into red cells combine to increase the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid to 20:1
Description : The toxicity spectrum of aspirin does not include (a) Increased risk of encephalopathy in children with viral infections (b) Increased risk of peptic ulcers (c) Hyperprothrombinemia (d) Metabolic acidosis (e) Respiratory alkalosis
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : Respiratory acidosis is that in which the blood pH is low due to increased retention of carbon dioxide caused by the lowering of the respiratory frequency or by pulmonary diseases that impair ... caused by metabolic disturbances that increase the concentration of bases (alkalis) in the blood.
Last Answer : Where are the chemoreceptors that detect the acidity of the blood and trigger the respiratory compensation located?
Description : Metabolic effects that generally attend antiinflammatory doses of aspirin include the following except: A. Increased CO2 production B. Hepatic glycogen depletion C. Metabolic acidosis D. Compensated respiratory alkalosis
Last Answer : C. Metabolic acidosis
Description : In case of Diamond, if the price goes up slightly, demand will fall by a much larger margin. The demand is 1. Zero elastic 2. Highly price elastic 3. Income elastic 4. Low price elastic 5. None of these
Last Answer : Highly price elastic
Description : In case of diamond, if the price goes up slightly, demand will fall by a much larger margin. The demand is 1. Zero elastic 2. Highly price elastic 3. Income elastic 4. Low price elastic 5. None of these
Description : Two solutions A1 & A2 have pH value of 2 & 6 respectively. It implies that the solution (A) A1is more alkaline than solution A2 (B) A1is highly acidic (C) A2is very slightly acidic (D) Both (B) & (C)
Last Answer : (D) Both (B) & (C)
Description : Innate behavior differs from learned behavior by the former being: a) highly modifiable by external factors. b) slightly modifiable by external factors. c) totally modifiable by external factors. d) completely immodifiable
Last Answer : ANSWER: B -- SLIGHTLY MODIFIABLE BY EXTERNAL FACTORS.
Description : Gout is characterized by increased plasma levels of (A) Urea (B) Uric acid (C) Creatine (D) Creatinine