The probable metabolic defect in gents is (A) A defect in excretion of uric acid by kidney (B) An overproduction of pyrimidines (C) An overproduction of uric acid (D) Rise in calcium leading to deposition of calcium urate

The probable metabolic defect in gents is (A) A defect in excretion of uric acid by kidney (B) An overproduction of pyrimidines (C) An overproduction of uric acid (D) Rise in calcium leading to deposition of calcium urate
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A 73 year old male presented with an acute attack of gout in his left knee. What is the most likely underlying metabolic cause? 1) decreased renal excretion of uric acid 2) endogenous overproduction of uric acid 3) excessive dietary purine intake 4) lactic acidosis 5) starvation

Description : A 73 year old male presented with an acute attack of gout in his left knee. What is the most likely underlying metabolic cause? 1) decreased renal excretion of uric acid 2) endogenous overproduction of uric acid 3) excessive dietary purine intake 4) lactic acidosis 5) starvation

Last Answer : Answers-1 The aetiology of gout can broadly be divided into cases where there is underexcretion of urate via the kidney (90%) or endogenous overproduction of uric acid (10%) although in practical ... diuretic use. Excessive dietary intake of purines is unlikely to be the main cause in this case.

In humans, the principal metabolic product of pyrimidines is (A) Uric acid (B) Allantoin (C) Hypoxanthine (D) β-alanine

Description : In humans, the principal metabolic product of pyrimidines is (A) Uric acid (B) Allantoin (C) Hypoxanthine (D) β-alanine

Last Answer : Answer : D

All of the following statements about uric acid are true except (A) It can be formed from allantoin (B) Formation of uric acid stones in kidneys can be decreased by alkalinisation of urine (C) Uric acid begins to dissociate at pH above 5.8 (D) It is present in plasma mainly as monosodium urate

Description : All of the following statements about uric acid are true except (A) It can be formed from allantoin (B) Formation of uric acid stones in kidneys can be decreased by alkalinisation of urine (C) Uric acid begins to dissociate at pH above 5.8 (D) It is present in plasma mainly as monosodium urate

Last Answer : Answer : A

All of the following statements about uric acid are true except (A) It is a catabolite of purines (B) It is excreted by the kidneys (C) It is undissociated at pH above 5.8 (D) It is less soluble than sodium urate

Description : All of the following statements about uric acid are true except (A) It is a catabolite of purines (B) It is excreted by the kidneys (C) It is undissociated at pH above 5.8 (D) It is less soluble than sodium urate

Last Answer : Answer : C

Uric acid is the catabolic end product of (A) Porphyrine (B) Purines (C) Pyrimidines (D) Pyridoxine

Description : Uric acid is the catabolic end product of (A) Porphyrine (B) Purines (C) Pyrimidines (D) Pyridoxine

Last Answer : Answer : A

The major catabolic product of pyrimidines in human is (A) β-Alanine (B) Urea (C) Uric acid (D) Guanine

Description : The major catabolic product of pyrimidines in human is (A) β-Alanine (B) Urea (C) Uric acid (D) Guanine

Last Answer : Answer : A

Diazoxide is an effective hypotensive, but is not used in the long-term treatment of hypertension because: A. It impairs glucose tolerance by inhibiting insulin release B. It inhibits uric acid excretion C. It causes marked Na+ and water retention leading to development of tolerance D. All of the above

Description : Diazoxide is an effective hypotensive, but is not used in the long-term treatment of hypertension because: A. It impairs glucose tolerance by inhibiting insulin release B. It inhibits uric acid ... causes marked Na+ and water retention leading to development of tolerance D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Allopurinol is indicated in the following category of chronic gout patients: A. Over producers of uric acid B. Under excretors of uric acid C. Those with tophi and/or renal urate stones D. All of the above

Description : Allopurinol is indicated in the following category of chronic gout patients: A. Over producers of uric acid B. Under excretors of uric acid C. Those with tophi and/or renal urate stones D. All of the above

Last Answer : D. All of the above

Thiazide diuretics and furosemide have directionally opposite effect on the net renal excretion of the following substance: A. Uric acid B. Calcium C. Magnesium D. Bicarbonate

Description : Thiazide diuretics and furosemide have directionally opposite effect on the net renal excretion of the following substance: A. Uric acid B. Calcium C. Magnesium D. Bicarbonate

Last Answer : B. Calcium

Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea

Description : Ammonia is excreted as ammonium salts during metabolic acidosis but the majority is excreted as (A) Phosphates (B) Creatine (C) Uric acid (D) Urea

Last Answer : Answer : D

All of the following statements about allopurinol are true except (A) It is a structural analogue of uric acid (B) It can prevent uric acid stones in the kidneys (C) It increases the urinary excretion of xanthine and hypoxanthine (D) It is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

Description : All of the following statements about allopurinol are true except (A) It is a structural analogue of uric acid (B) It can prevent uric acid stones in the kidneys (C) It increases the urinary excretion of xanthine and hypoxanthine (D) It is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase

Last Answer : Answer : A

All of the following statements about primary gout are true except (A) Uric acid stones may be formed in kidneys (B) Arthritis of small joints occurs commonly (C) Urinary excretion of uric acid is decreased (D) It occurs predominantly in males

Description : All of the following statements about primary gout are true except (A) Uric acid stones may be formed in kidneys (B) Arthritis of small joints occurs commonly (C) Urinary excretion of uric acid is decreased (D) It occurs predominantly in males

Last Answer : Answer : C

Daily uric acid excretion in adult men is (A) 2–6 mg (B) 20–40 mg (C) 150–250 mg (D) 40–600 mg

Description : Daily uric acid excretion in adult men is (A) 2–6 mg (B) 20–40 mg (C) 150–250 mg (D) 40–600 mg

Last Answer : Answer : D

The normal route of calcium excretion is (A) Kidney (B) Kidney and Liver (C) Kidney and Intestine (D) Kidney, Intestine and Pancreas

Description : The normal route of calcium excretion is (A) Kidney (B) Kidney and Liver (C) Kidney and Intestine (D) Kidney, Intestine and Pancreas

Last Answer : Answer : C

Fight-or-flight reactions cause activation of (a) the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate (b) the kidney, leading to suppression of renin- angiotensin-aldosterone pathway (c) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine (d) the pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels.

Description : Fight-or-flight reactions cause activation of (a) the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate (b) the kidney, leading to suppression of renin- angiotensin-aldosterone pathway (c) ... epinephrine and norepinephrine (d) the pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels.

Last Answer : (c) the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

Deposition of uric acid crystals at the joint is the cause of - (1) Arthritis (2) Osteoporosis (3) Osteomalacia (4) Rickets

Description : Deposition of uric acid crystals at the joint is the cause of - (1) Arthritis (2) Osteoporosis (3) Osteomalacia (4) Rickets

Last Answer : (1) Arthritis Explanation: Gout is a medical condition usually characterized by recurrent attacks of acute inflammatory arthritis- a red, tender, hot, swollen joint. It is caused by elevated ... . The uric acid crystallizes, and the crystals deposit in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues.

Deposition of uric acid crystals at the joint is the cause of (1) Arthritis (2) Osteoporosis (3) Osteomalacia (4) Rickets

Description : Deposition of uric acid crystals at the joint is the cause of (1) Arthritis (2) Osteoporosis (3) Osteomalacia (4) Rickets

Last Answer : Arthritis

An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase (C) Significantly increased serum glycine level (D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine

Description : An important finding in glycinuria is (A) Excess excretion of oxalate in the urine (B) Deficiency of enzyme glycinase (C) Significantly increased serum glycine level (D) Defect in renal tubular reabsorption of glycine

Last Answer : Answer : D

Uric acid excretion is an adaptation for

Description : Uric acid excretion is an adaptation for

Last Answer : Uric acid excretion is an adaptation for A. Water conservation B. Water removal C. Osmoregulation D. None

The action of aspirin that results in its greater efficacy as an antithrombotic (anti-platelet) drug is its ability to (a) Inhibit lipoxygenase as well as cyclooxygenase (b) Selectively inhibit cyclooxygenase I (c) Inhibit leukocyte migration (d) Promote uric acid excretion (e) Acetylate cyclooxygenase

Description : The action of aspirin that results in its greater efficacy as an antithrombotic (anti-platelet) drug is its ability to (a) Inhibit lipoxygenase as well as cyclooxygenase (b) Selectively inhibit ... I (c) Inhibit leukocyte migration (d) Promote uric acid excretion (e) Acetylate cyclooxygenase

Last Answer : Ans: E

Choose the correct statement about paracetamol: A. It increases uric acid excretion B. It is the most common drug implicated in causing analgesic nephropathy C. In equianalgesic doses it is safer than aspirin D. It stimulates cellular metabolism

Description : Choose the correct statement about paracetamol: A. It increases uric acid excretion B. It is the most common drug implicated in causing analgesic nephropathy C. In equianalgesic doses it is safer than aspirin D. It stimulates cellular metabolism

Last Answer : C. In equianalgesic doses it is safer than aspirin

The body cells in cockroach discharge their nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of (a) urea (b) calcium carbonate (c) ammonia (d) potassium urate.

Description : The body cells in cockroach discharge their nitrogenous waste in the haemolymph mainly in the form of (a) urea (b) calcium carbonate (c) ammonia (d) potassium urate.

Last Answer : (d) potassium urate.

Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to (a) immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue (b) high concentration of Ca++ and Na+ (c) decreased level of estrogen (d) accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints.

Description : Osteoporosis, an age-related disease of skeletal system, may occur due to (a) immune disorder affecting neuromuscular junction leading to fatigue (b) high concentration of Ca++ and Na+ (c) decreased level of estrogen (d) accumulation of uric acid leading to inflammation of joints.

Last Answer : (c) decreased level of estrogen

Which of the following statements about nucleic acid is most correct? (A) Both pentose nucleic acid and deoxypentose nucleic acid contain the same pyrimidines (B) Both pentose nucleic acid and deoxypentose nucleic acid and deoxypentose nucleic acid Contain the same purines (C) RNA contains cytosine and thymine (D) DNA and RNA are hydrolysed by weak alkali

Description : Which of the following statements about nucleic acid is most correct? (A) Both pentose nucleic acid and deoxypentose nucleic acid contain the same pyrimidines (B) Both pentose nucleic acid and deoxypentose ... (C) RNA contains cytosine and thymine (D) DNA and RNA are hydrolysed by weak alkali

Last Answer : Answer : B

Orotic aciduria can be controlled by (A) Oral administration of orotic acid (B) Decreasing the dietary intake of orotic acid (C) Decreasing the dietary intake of pyrimidines (D) Oral administration of uridine

Description : Orotic aciduria can be controlled by (A) Oral administration of orotic acid (B) Decreasing the dietary intake of orotic acid (C) Decreasing the dietary intake of pyrimidines (D) Oral administration of uridine

Last Answer : Answer : D

Glycine is not required for the formation of (A) Taurocholic acid (B) Creatine (C) Purines (D) Pyrimidines

Description : Glycine is not required for the formation of (A) Taurocholic acid (B) Creatine (C) Purines (D) Pyrimidines

Last Answer : Answer : A

Excretion in the form of uric and urates in birds is helpful in

Description : Excretion in the form of uric and urates in birds is helpful in

Last Answer : Excretion in the form of uric and urates in birds is helpful in A. Conserving body heat B. ... C. Conserving body water D. Eliminating body water

Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney C. Renal calculi (iii) Inflammation in glomeruli D. Glomerular (iv) Presence of glucose in nephritis urine A B C D (a) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i) (b) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Description : Match the items given in column I with those in column II and select the correct option given below. Column I Column II A. Glycosuria (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints B. Gout (ii) Mass of crystallised salts within the kidney ... (iii) (iv) (c) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv) (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Last Answer : (d) (iv) (i) (ii) (iii)

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the sex linked, recessive absence of HGPRTase, may lead to (A) Compulsive self destructive behaviour with elevated levels of urate in serum (B) Hypouricemia due to liver damage (C) Failure to thrive and megaloblastic anemia (D) Protein intolerance and hepatic encephalopathy

Description : Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, the sex linked, recessive absence of HGPRTase, may lead to (A) Compulsive self destructive behaviour with elevated levels of urate in serum (B) Hypouricemia due to liver damage (C) Failure to thrive and megaloblastic anemia (D) Protein intolerance and hepatic encephalopathy

Last Answer : Answer : A

Overproduction of growth hormone during childhood causes (A) Acromegaly (B) Gigantism (C) Cushing’s disease (D) Simmond’s disease

Description : Overproduction of growth hormone during childhood causes (A) Acromegaly (B) Gigantism (C) Cushing’s disease (D) Simmond’s disease

Last Answer : Answer : B

Acromegaly results from overproduction of (A) ACTH during childhood (B) TSH during adult life (C) Growth hormone during childhood (D) Growth hormone during adult life HORMONE METABOLISM 219

Description : Acromegaly results from overproduction of (A) ACTH during childhood (B) TSH during adult life (C) Growth hormone during childhood (D) Growth hormone during adult life HORMONE METABOLISM 219

Last Answer : Answer : D

Stein-leventhal syndrome is due to overproduction of (A) Estrogens (B) Androgens (C) Gastogens (D) Ethinyl estradiol

Description : Stein-leventhal syndrome is due to overproduction of (A) Estrogens (B) Androgens (C) Gastogens (D) Ethinyl estradiol

Last Answer : Answer : B

Renal ricket is caused by renal tubular defect (usually inherited) which interferes with reabsorption of (A) Calcium (B) Phosphorous (C) Sodium (D) Chloride

Description : Renal ricket is caused by renal tubular defect (usually inherited) which interferes with reabsorption of (A) Calcium (B) Phosphorous (C) Sodium (D) Chloride

Last Answer : Answer : B

Vasopressin (ADH) (A) Enhance facultative reabsorption of water (B) Decreases reabsorption of water (C) Increases excretion of calcium (D) Decreases excretion of calcium

Description : Vasopressin (ADH) (A) Enhance facultative reabsorption of water (B) Decreases reabsorption of water (C) Increases excretion of calcium (D) Decreases excretion of calcium

Last Answer : Answer : A

PTH (A) Reduces the renal clearance or excretion of calcium (B) Increases renal phosphate clearance (C) Increases the renal clearance of calcium (D) Decreases the renal phosphate clearance

Description : PTH (A) Reduces the renal clearance or excretion of calcium (B) Increases renal phosphate clearance (C) Increases the renal clearance of calcium (D) Decreases the renal phosphate clearance

Last Answer : Answer : A

Assertion A.: The minimum self cleansing velocity in the sewer, at least once a day, must be generated. Reason (R): If certain deposition takes place and is not removed, it obstructs free flow and causes further deposition leading to complete blocking of the sewer. A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A B. Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A C. A is true but R is false D. A is false but R is true

Description : Assertion A.: The minimum self cleansing velocity in the sewer, at least once a day, must be generated. Reason (R): If certain deposition takes place and is not removed, it obstructs free flow and causes further ... correct explanation of A C. A is true but R is false D. A is false but R is true

Last Answer : ANS: A

Two nitrogen of the pyrimidines ring are obtained from (A) Glutamine and Carbamoyl-p (B) Asparate and Carbamoyl-p (C) Glutamate and NH3 (D) Glutamine and NH3

Description : Two nitrogen of the pyrimidines ring are obtained from (A) Glutamine and Carbamoyl-p (B) Asparate and Carbamoyl-p (C) Glutamate and NH3 (D) Glutamine and NH3

Last Answer : Answer : B

A key substance in the committed step of pyrimidines biosynthesis is (A) Ribose-5-phosphate (B) Carbamoyl phosphate (C) ATP (D) Glutamine

Description : A key substance in the committed step of pyrimidines biosynthesis is (A) Ribose-5-phosphate (B) Carbamoyl phosphate (C) ATP (D) Glutamine

Last Answer : Answer : B

Nucleic acids can be detected by means of their absorption maxima near 260 nm. Their absorption in this range is due to (A) Proteins (B) Purines and pyrimidines (C) Ribose (D) Deoxyribose

Description : Nucleic acids can be detected by means of their absorption maxima near 260 nm. Their absorption in this range is due to (A) Proteins (B) Purines and pyrimidines (C) Ribose (D) Deoxyribose

Last Answer : Answer : B

Methylated purines and pyrimidines are characteristically present in (A) mRNA (B) hnRNA (C) tRNA (D) rRNA

Description : Methylated purines and pyrimidines are characteristically present in (A) mRNA (B) hnRNA (C) tRNA (D) rRNA

Last Answer : Answer : C

Identify the correct molecule which controls the biosynthesis of proteins in living organisms. (A) DNA (B) RNA (C) Purines (D) Pyrimidines

Description : Identify the correct molecule which controls the biosynthesis of proteins in living organisms. (A) DNA (B) RNA (C) Purines (D) Pyrimidines

Last Answer : Answer : A

Free ammonia is released during (A) Oxidative deamination of glutamate (B) Catabolism of purines (C) Catabolism of pyrimidines (D) All of these

Description : Free ammonia is released during (A) Oxidative deamination of glutamate (B) Catabolism of purines (C) Catabolism of pyrimidines (D) All of these

Last Answer : Answer : D

Due to which reason, defect in kidney leads to anaemia ?

Description : Due to which reason, defect in kidney leads to anaemia ?

Last Answer : Due to which reason, defect in kidney leads to anaemia ? A. No secretion of erythropoietin B ... reagborbtion of water D. Loss of haemoglobin in urine

Late tapping will cause defect of? (i) Lack of fusion (Heat losses)* (ii) Piping defect (iii) kidney defect (iv) All above are correct

Description : Late tapping will cause defect of? (i) Lack of fusion (Heat losses)* (ii) Piping defect (iii) kidney defect (iv) All above are correct

Last Answer : (i) Lack of fusion (Heat losses)*

Which one of the following is NOT a function of kidney - (1) Regulation of blood pH (2) Removal of metabolic wastes from the body (3) Production of antibodies (4)Regulation of osmotic pressures of the blood

Description : Which one of the following is NOT a function of kidney - (1) Regulation of blood pH (2) Removal of metabolic wastes from the body (3) Production of antibodies (4)Regulation of osmotic pressures of the blood

Last Answer : (3) Production of antibodies Explanation: Kidneys are essential in the urinary system and also serve homeostatic functions such as the regulation of electrolytes, maintenance of acid-base balance, and ... diverted to the urinary bladder whereas the antibodies are produced by antigens in the cell.

Which one of the following is NOT a function of kidney ? (1) Regulation of blood pH (2) Removal of metabolic wastes from the body (3) Production of antibodies (4) Regulation of osmotic pressures of the blood

Description : Which one of the following is NOT a function of kidney ? (1) Regulation of blood pH (2) Removal of metabolic wastes from the body (3) Production of antibodies (4) Regulation of osmotic pressures of the blood 

Last Answer : Production of antibodies

Mammalian kidney resemble contractile vacuole of Amoeba in excretion of

Description : Mammalian kidney resemble contractile vacuole of Amoeba in excretion of

Last Answer : Mammalian kidney resemble contractile vacuole of Amoeba in excretion of A. Glucose B. Excess water C. Urea D. Ammoriia

Choose the correct statement about osmotic diuretics: A. They are large molecular weight substances which form colloidal solution B. Their primary site of action is collecting ducts in the kidney C. They increase water excretion without increasing salt excretion D. They can lower intraocular pressure

Description : Choose the correct statement about osmotic diuretics: A. They are large molecular weight substances which form colloidal solution B. Their primary site of action is collecting ducts in the ... C. They increase water excretion without increasing salt excretion D. They can lower intraocular pressure

Last Answer : D. They can lower intraocular pressure

5 A nonvolatile, highly lipid soluble drug is metabolized at a rate of 15% per hour. On intravenous injection it produces general anaesthesia for 10 min. Which process is responsible for termination of its action: A. Metabolism in liver B. Plasma protein binding C. Excretion by kidney D. Redistribution

Description : 5 A nonvolatile, highly lipid soluble drug is metabolized at a rate of 15% per hour. On intravenous injection it produces general anaesthesia for 10 min. Which process is responsible for termination ... : A. Metabolism in liver B. Plasma protein binding C. Excretion by kidney D. Redistribution

Last Answer : D. Redistribution

A nonvolatile, highly lipid soluble drug is metabolized at a rate of 15% per hour. On intravenous injection it produces general anaesthesia for 10 min. Which process is responsible for termination of its action: A. Metabolism in liver B. Plasma protein binding C. Excretion by kidney D. Redistribution

Description : A nonvolatile, highly lipid soluble drug is metabolized at a rate of 15% per hour. On intravenous injection it produces general anaesthesia for 10 min. Which process is responsible for termination of ... : A. Metabolism in liver B. Plasma protein binding C. Excretion by kidney D. Redistribution

Last Answer : D. Redistribution