DefinitionMedullary carcinoma of the thyroid is cancer of the thyroid gland that starts in cells that release a hormone called calcitonin. Such cells are called "C" cells.Alternative NamesThyroid - medullary carcinoma; Cancer - thyroid (medullary carcinoma); MTCCauses, incidence, and risk factorsThe cause of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid (MTC) is unknown.Unlike other types of thyroid cancer, MTC is less likely to be caused by radiation therapy to the neck given to treat other cancers during childhood.There are two forms of MTC:Sporadic MTC, which does not run in families. Most MTCs are sporadic. This form mainly affects older adults.Inherited MTC runs in families.You have an increased risk of this type of cancer if you have:A family history of MTCA family history of multiple endocrine