i)Arista: These are weak alcoholic preparations prepared by making a decoction of the drugs and then allowing them to undergo fermentation by the help of raw sugar or honey. The fermentation is done for a period of 7-10 days in hot weather and for 15-30 days in cold weather
ii) Churna: These are powdered mixtures prepared by mixing dry mineral, animal or vegetables substances in a pestle mortar. The powdered mixture is then passed through cloth, linen or fine sieve. In case jiggery is to be mixed with powder, it should be equal to the quantity of churna and in case of sugar, it should be double the quantity of churna. Churnas are usually taken with milk, hot water and cow’s urine. Churnas are usually given in bulk. Its action is quick but its effect is only temporary.
iii)Taila: These are medicated oils which are prepared by boiling drugs in water, milk or other liquid substances mixed with oil until water content is evaporated .The oil thus prepared are generally meant for local application in some cases ,the oils are used internally.