What are the equipments used for mixing of liquids? Give in detail about ‘Propeller Mixer’.

What are the equipments used for mixing of liquids? Give in detail about ‘Propeller Mixer’.
by

1 Answer

Answer :

Equipments used for mixing of Liquids

i .Propeller mixer

ii .Turbine mixer

iii .Paddle mixer

Propeller Mixers

Construction:

.It consists of vessel and propeller,

Propeller usually operates at high speed which is upto 8000 rpm which gives lot of turbulence.

Propeller produced flow pattern parallel to their axis of rotation.

It is used when little shear is needed.

Working:

Liquids to be mixed are placed in a vessel.

During the mixing of liquids, air gets entrapped in liquid or there is formation of vortex.

To avoid air entrapment and vortex formation ,position of propeller shaft can be changed as follows:

i. Offset from centre.

ii. Mounted at angle.

iii. Enter the side of the vessel.

iv. Using push-pull propeller: In which two opposite pitch is mounted on the same shaft so that rotator effect is in opposite direction and cancels each other.

v. By the use of baffles: Install baffles along the sides of the tank

Diagram:

image
Application:
It is used for mixing of liquids having low viscosity.

by

Related questions

What are main objectives of mixing? Give the list of equipment’s used for mixing of semi solids.

Description : What are main objectives of mixing? Give the list of equipment’s used for mixing of semi solids.

Last Answer : Objectives of mixing are as follows: i) Simple physical mixing of materials to form a uniform mixture. ii) To promote the chemical reaction to get uniform product. iii) Dispersion of solid in ... Equipment's used for mixing of semi solids: Triple roller mill Agitator mixer. Planetary mixer

Give the list of equipments used for mixing of semi-solids.

Description : Give the list of equipments used for mixing of semi-solids.

Last Answer : Equipment’s used for mixing of semi solids: i. Triple roller mill. ii. Agitator mixer. iii. Planetary mixer. iv .Sigma Mixer

List the various equipment’s used for liquid mixing and explain how vortex formation can be avoided in liquid mixing.

Description : List the various equipment’s used for liquid mixing and explain how vortex formation can be avoided in liquid mixing. 

Last Answer : Equipment used for mixing of liquid:  1. Propeller mixture. 2. Turbine Mixture. 3. Paddle mixture. Vortex formation can be avoided in liquid mixing by making the following changes in the position of the ... the side of vessels. 4. Using push pull propeller. 5. Using baffles.

Which of the following agitators having a large blade area, rotating at slow speed is used for mixing high viscosity liquids (> 50000 centipoise)? (A) Propeller(B) Helical screw(C) Flat blade turbine(D) Curved blade turbine

Description : Which of the following agitators having a large blade area, rotating at slow speed is used for mixing high viscosity liquids (> 50000 centipoise)? (A) Propeller (B) Helical screw (C) Flat blade turbine (D) Curved blade turbine

Last Answer : (B) Helical screw

Explain the principle and construction of Planetary Mixer.

Description : Explain the principle and construction of Planetary Mixer.

Last Answer : Principle :-  The planetary mixer consists of stationary vessel & anchor shape blade which has planetary motion. The anchor shape blade rotates on its axis & axis moves around . ... iv) The mixing shaft is driven by planetary gear connected to an electric meter. Diagram

Write short note on any one i. BCG Vaccine : ii. Silverson mixer homogenizer:

Description : Write short note on any one i. BCG Vaccine : ii. Silverson mixer homogenizer:

Last Answer : 1. BCG vaccine: It is freeze- dried preparation containing live culture of the bacillus Calmette and Guerin strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Method of preparation : The bacilli are grown on a ... Use: Useful for the preparation of fine emulsion and suspension. Diagram:

Explain the construction and working of silverson mixer homogenizer.

Description : Explain the construction and working of silverson mixer homogenizer. 

Last Answer : Construction It consists of emulsified head which is covered with fine meshed stainless steel sieve. The emulsifier head consist of a number of blades which rotates at a very high speed, to produce ... blades. So a fine emulsion is produced which is then expelled out. Diagram:

Give any two applications of simple distillation.Describe method of separation of two immiscible liquids.

Description : Give any two applications of simple distillation.Describe method of separation of two immiscible liquids.

Last Answer : Applications of simple distillation(0.5 2) 1) Preparation of distilled water and water for injection. 2)Recovery of alcohol in preparation of dry extracts 3)Many volatile oils and ... proportion The distillate can be collected in Florentine receiver for separation of oil & water.

Write the main objectives of mixing.

Description : Write the main objectives of mixing.

Last Answer : Objectives of mixing:  i. To form uniform mixture.  ii. To promote chemical reaction.  iii. Dispersion of solid particles in liquid.  iv. Dispersion of two immiscible liquids.

What are objectives of mixing?

Description : What are objectives of mixing?

Last Answer : i. To form uniform mixture.  ii. To promote chemical reaction.  iii. Dispersion of solid particles in liquid.  iv. Dispersion of two immiscible liquids.

Explain the objectives of mixing. Explain the different types of mixtures.

Description : Explain the objectives of mixing. Explain the different types of mixtures. 

Last Answer : Objective of mixing 1) To form a uniform mixture. 2)To promote chemical reaction to get uniform product 3) Help in formation of suspension/paste 4) Help in mixing of water and oil .e.g. emulsion. ... not have tendency to mix but once mix, don't separate after mixing. E.g. ointment, paste, cream.

Name the different mechanisms which are applicable in mixing of powders.

Description : Name the different mechanisms which are applicable in mixing of powders.

Last Answer : The mixing mechanisms are as follows: 1)Convective mixing 2) Shear mixing 3) Diffusion mixing

Define mixing, explain types and mechanism of mixing.

Description : Define mixing, explain types and mechanism of mixing.

Last Answer : Definition of Mixing: Mixingis the method in which two or more than two substances are combined together. Types of mixtures-   1) Positive Mixture-When two/more miscible liquids are mixed or ... them to change position relative to one another. It produced by any agitation of powder.

How will you separate two immiscible liquids in pharmacy? Draw a libelled sketch of the apparatus used in laboratory.

Description : How will you separate two immiscible liquids in pharmacy? Draw a libelled sketch of the apparatus used in laboratory. 

Last Answer : :Steam Distillation( immiscible liquids): In pair of immiscible liquids , each liquid exerts its own vapour pressure & neither liquid has any appreciable effect on the vapour pressure ... are not decomposed by water , this provides an alternative to distillation under reduced pressure  

The most suitable equipment used to devulcanise rubber scrap and to make water dispersion & rubber solution is a (A) Boundary mixer (B) Propeller agitator (C) Sharpies centrifuge

Description : The most suitable equipment used to devulcanise rubber scrap and to make water dispersion & rubber solution is a (A) Boundary mixer (B) Propeller agitator (C) Sharpies centrifuge

Last Answer : (A) Boundary mixer

Explain in detail evaporating still with its advantage and disadvantages.

Description : Explain in detail evaporating still with its advantage and disadvantages.

Last Answer : It consist of a hemispherical pan made from copper or stainless steel. It is surrounded by a steam jacket. Still is covered from top and connected to condenser. Hemispherical shape ... heat transfer is poor. Heating surface is limited. Not suitable for thermolabile material.

Describe in detail various oral cavity tablet.

Description : Describe in detail various oral cavity tablet.

Last Answer : Oral cavity tablet:  i. Buccal Tablet. ii. Sublingual Tablet. iii. Lozenge tablet and tracheas. iv. Dental cones. 1] Buccal Tablet's - a. These tablets are to be placed in buccal pouch or ... Chloride or it may be amines acid. f. These cones generally get dissolved in 20 to 40 min time.

Define ‘Homogenisation’. Write the principle of homogenisation. Write in detail about ‘Colloidal Mill’.

Description : Define ‘Homogenisation’. Write the principle of homogenisation. Write in detail about ‘Colloidal Mill’.

Last Answer : Homogenization is the process of preparing fine emulsion from a coarse emulsion by converting the large globules in to small globules. Principle: These work on the principal of braking large ... thus reduced to fine particle size The material is thrown outward due to centrifugal action

Write in detail about moist heat method of sterilization

Description : Write in detail about moist heat method of sterilization

Last Answer : Principle: The steam has more penetration power than dry heat and thermal capacity of steam is more than thermal capacity of dry heat. The method is useful for killing of bacterial spores. ... for powder or oils. It is not suitable for sterilization of plastic which melt at 1150C.

Explain in detail about maceration with adjustment. How does it differ from simple maceration process?

Description : Explain in detail about maceration with adjustment. How does it differ from simple maceration process?

Last Answer : Maceration with adjustment: This process is carried out for unorganized drug. Method: i) Place unorganized drug with 4/5th of the menstruum in a close vessel for 2-7 days. ii) ... of Capsicum Examples of tinctures: Compound Tincture of Benzoin, Tincture of Tolu, Tincture of Myrrh

Define the term ‘Closures’. Write in detail about different types of closures commonly used in pharmaceutical industry.

Description : Define the term ‘Closures’. Write in detail about different types of closures commonly used in pharmaceutical industry.

Last Answer : CLOSURES are devices by means of which containers can be opened and closed. TYPES OF CLOSURES WITH EXAMPLES: 1. Plug type - It is a push-fit into the neck of the container. E.g. cork ... and paper impregnated with a suitable resin, wax or plastic. E.g. Caps of pharmaceutical liquid dosage forms.

Describe dry heat method of sterilization in detail.

Description : Describe dry heat method of sterilization in detail.

Last Answer : Principle: All the microorganism including spores are destroyed. Principle of killing is by dehydration and oxidation of essential metabolites. In hot air oven heating is done at 1600 C for 2 hours. ... off the oven. Allow to cool. Take out the material.  Diagram:

Write in detail about modified percolation process.

Description : Write in detail about modified percolation process. 

Last Answer : Modified Percolation: In percolation process for tinctures drug\ percolate (d/p) ratio is 1:4.The drug/percolate ratio is reduced to 1:3 by modifying percolation process. Thus saves lot of heat, ... evaporated and then mixed with main percolate.  Final volume is made by adding more menstrum. 

Mention all Q.C. tests to be performed on tablets. Explain any one in detail.

Description : Mention all Q.C. tests to be performed on tablets. Explain any one in detail. 

Last Answer : Q.C. Tests:  1. Size and shape of tablet. 2. Appearance. 3. Content of active ingredient. 4. Uniformity of weight/weight variation test 5. Uniformity of content 6. Disintegration. 7. ... are considered to be of good quality if the loss in weight is less than 1%.  Diagram:

A propeller agitator (A) Produces mainly axial flow (B) Is used for mixing high viscosity pastes (C) Runs at very slow speed (2 rpm) (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Description : A propeller agitator (A) Produces mainly axial flow (B) Is used for mixing high viscosity pastes (C) Runs at very slow speed (2 rpm) (D) All (A), (B) and (C)

Last Answer : (A) Produces mainly axial flow

Which mixer is best for mixing monitors?

Description : Which mixer is best for mixing monitors?

Last Answer : Allen and Heath make a mixer that is just perfect for mixing monitors.

Mixing of light fine powder such as insecticides is done by (A) Banbury mixer (B) Pug mill (C) Impact wheels (D) Kneader

Description : Mixing of light fine powder such as insecticides is done by (A) Banbury mixer (B) Pug mill (C) Impact wheels (D) Kneader

Last Answer : (C) Impact wheels

In a mixer, the quantity, (v. L/D) is termed as __________ number (where, v = longitudinal velocity of material, L = length of the mixer, D = diffusivity in axial mixing). (A) Weber (B) Peclet (C) Brinkman (D) Schmidt

Description : In a mixer, the quantity, (v. L/D) is termed as __________ number (where, v = longitudinal velocity of material, L = length of the mixer, D = diffusivity in axial mixing). (A) Weber (B) Peclet (C) Brinkman (D) Schmidt

Last Answer : (B) Peclet

Which of the following clay mixing devices is vacuum operated for deairation of clay? (A) Banbury mixer (B) Pug mill (C) Muller-mixer (D) None of these

Description : Which of the following clay mixing devices is vacuum operated for deairation of clay? (A) Banbury mixer (B) Pug mill (C) Muller-mixer (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Pug mill

Mixing mechanism employed in a pan mixer is by (A) Mulling (B) Kneading (C) Dispersion (D) None of these

Description : Mixing mechanism employed in a pan mixer is by (A) Mulling (B) Kneading (C) Dispersion (D) None of these

Last Answer : (A) Mulling

The equipment used in the extraction of highly corrosive radioactive liquids is (A) Pulse column (B) Spray column (C) Mixer settler (D) Baffle tower

Description : The equipment used in the extraction of highly corrosive radioactive liquids is (A) Pulse column (B) Spray column (C) Mixer settler (D) Baffle tower

Last Answer : (A) Pulse column

What connections do you have between the reading and your Mixing Solids and Liquids investigation?

Description : What connections do you have between the reading and your Mixing Solids and Liquids investigation?

Last Answer : well reading is more diffrent then sold and liquid

Helical screw agitator is used for (A) Mixing highly viscous pastes (B) Blending immiscible liquids (C) Mixing liquids at very high temperature (> 250 °C) (D) None of these

Description : Helical screw agitator is used for (A) Mixing highly viscous pastes (B) Blending immiscible liquids (C) Mixing liquids at very high temperature (> 250 °C) (D) None of these

Last Answer : (A) Mixing highly viscous pastes

Paddle agitator (A) Is suitable for mixing low viscosity liquids (B) Produces axial flow (C) Moves at very high speed (D) None of these

Description : Paddle agitator (A) Is suitable for mixing low viscosity liquids (B) Produces axial flow (C) Moves at very high speed (D) None of these

Last Answer : (A) Is suitable for mixing low viscosity liquids

Ribbon blenders are exclusively meant for (A) Blending miscible liquids (B) Non-flowing powder and thin pastes (C) Bath mixing (D) Continuous mixing

Description : Ribbon blenders are exclusively meant for (A) Blending miscible liquids (B) Non-flowing powder and thin pastes (C) Bath mixing (D) Continuous mixing

Last Answer : (B) Non-flowing powder and thin pastes

Propellers are (A) Axial flow mixers (B) Low speed impeller (C) Used for mixing liquids of high viscosity (D) Radial flow mixers

Description : Propellers are (A) Axial flow mixers (B) Low speed impeller (C) Used for mixing liquids of high viscosity (D) Radial flow mixers

Last Answer : (A) Axial flow mixers

If an ideal solution is formed by mixing two pure liquids in any proportion, then the __________ of mixing is zero (A) Enthalpy (B) Volume (C) Both 'a' & 'b' (D) Neither 'a' nor 'b'

Description : If an ideal solution is formed by mixing two pure liquids in any proportion, then the __________ of mixing is zero (A) Enthalpy (B) Volume (C) Both 'a' & 'b' (D) Neither 'a' nor 'b'

Last Answer : (C) Both 'a' & 'b'

Give application of simple distillation. What is the principle of fractional distillation?

Description : Give application of simple distillation. What is the principle of fractional distillation?

Last Answer : Applications of simple distillation:  i. It is used for the preparation of distilled water and water for injection. ii. Preparation of many volatile oils and aromatic water. iii. Purification ... becomes richer with the liquid having the lower boiling point which gets condensed in a condenser. 

Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram of aerosol container Advantages:   1. Medicament can be delivered directly to affected areas. 2. Absence of air prevents oxidation. 3. Hydrolysis of medicament prevented ... on injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants.

Define pharmaceutical container. Give qualities of an ideal container.

Description : Define pharmaceutical container. Give qualities of an ideal container.

Last Answer : Definition: Pharmaceutical container  A device that holds the drug and it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical dosage form or preparations. Qualities of an ideal container:  1 ... and temperature. 7. Labelled easily 8. Non-toxic. 9. Closure easily removable/replaceable.

Give the principle and working of Fluidised bed dryer.

Description : Give the principle and working of Fluidised bed dryer.

Last Answer : Principle: In FBD, good contact between hot air and particles to be dried is obtained which cause rapid drying. Working of Fluidised bed dryer: Two types of FBD are used in pharmaceutical industry. There are ... ranging from 5 kg to 200 kg with an average drying time of about 20-40 min.

Give principal and working of silverson homogenizer with labelled diagram.

Description : Give principal and working of silverson homogenizer with labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Principal:   These work on the principal of braking large globules in to small globules by passing them under pressure through a narrow orifice. Working:   The emulsified head is placed in the vessel ... blades. So a fine emulsion is produced which is then expelled out. Diagram :

Define drying. Give application of drying in pharmacy.

Description : Define drying. Give application of drying in pharmacy.

Last Answer : Definition:  Drying: It is defined as final removal of liquid from solid by vaporization with aid of heat. Application:  1) In pharmaceutical industry it is used as a unit process in the ... of product, when powder is dried it gets solublised fast. 7) Drying ensures free flowing of powders.

Draw a well labelled diagram of filter candle. Give its working and disadvantages.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of filter candle. Give its working and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram : Working  : The filter candle is placed in a vessel containing the liquid to be filtered. When vacuum is applied, the pressure inside the candle is decreased. Due to ... Disadvantages   1. Chance of clogging/blocking. 2. Traces of material may come in the solution.

Give steps involved in moist granulation.

Description : Give steps involved in moist granulation.

Last Answer : Steps: i. Moisten of Medicament with excipients with granulating agent. ii. Sieving of moist mass through sieve number 8 or 10. iii. Drying of wet granules in hot air oven at ... sieve number 20 to collect granules of uniform size v. Lubrication of sifted granules with lubricating agent

Give principle and working of “Fluid Energy mill”

Description : Give principle and working of “Fluid Energy mill”

Last Answer : Principle:  It works on the principle of combined impact and attrition. Working   1. The material which is to be size reduced is fed in the grinding chamber from the bottom through the feed ... -treated to reduce the particle size to the order of 100# and then passed through fluid energy mill

Give the principle, working and application of” Fractional distillation.

Description : Give the principle, working and application of” Fractional distillation.

Last Answer : Principle of fractional distillation:  It differs from simple distillation in that Partial condensation of vapour is allowed to occur in a fractionating column through which the vapour must pass before reaching ... , such as alcohol & water, acetone & water, Chloroform & Benzene.

Give the method of preparation of “Small pox vaccine” using egg.

Description : Give the method of preparation of “Small pox vaccine” using egg.

Last Answer : Small pox vaccine is prepared by two methods 1) By using animals 2) By using Eggs By using eggs:   Hen egg is used (Which is incubated after 12 days) ↓ Small cut on ... ↓ Material is ground to produce homogenized suspension. ↓ Transfer to suitable sterile container and freeze dried

Give merits and demerits of rubber as a material for closure.

Description : Give merits and demerits of rubber as a material for closure.

Last Answer : Merits of rubber:  1) Soft in nature. 2) It is quite elastic therefore self sealing property 3) It withstands in the temperature & pressure of an autoclave therefore can be sterilised. ... agents, pigments, may get extracted into the product 4) Process cost is very high.

Define aerosol. Classify aerosol. Give formula of aerosol with example.

Description : Define aerosol. Classify aerosol. Give formula of aerosol with example. 

Last Answer : Definition: Aerosol   Aerosols may be defined as disperse phase system in which very fine solid particles or liquid droplet get dispersed in the gases which act as continuous phase. These are ... in the formulation. 7) The propellant, medicament, additives are filled into an aerosol container.