Description : The dose of the following class of drugs has to be adjusted by repeated measurement of the affected physiological parameter: A. Oral contraceptives B. Antiepileptics C. Antidepressants D. Oral anticoagulants
Last Answer : D. Oral anticoagulants
Description : The following statements are true of oral anticoagulants except: A. They interfere with an early step in the synthesis of clotting factors B. Irrespective of the dose administered, their ... dose is adjusted by repeated measurement of prothrombin time D. They are contraindicated during pregnancy
Last Answer : A. They interfere with an early step in the synthesis of clotting factors
Description : Tricyclic antidepressants can alter the oral absorption of many drugs by: A. Complexing with the other drug in the intestinal lumen B. Altering gut motility C. Altering gut flora D. Damaging gut mucosa
Last Answer : B. Altering gut motility
Description : In patients of hepatic cirrhosis: A. The extent of change in pharmacokinetics of drugs can be predicted from the values of liver function tests B. High doses of furosemide can be safely used C. Metformin is the preferred oral hypoglycaemic D. Disposition of atenolol is not significantly affected
Last Answer : D. Disposition of atenolol is not significantly affected
Description : Which of the following statements is not true of fixed dose combination formulations: A. They are more convenient B. Contraindication to one of the components does not contraindicate the formulation ... adjusted D. The time course of action of the different components may not be identical
Last Answer : B. Contraindication to one of the components does not contraindicate the formulation
Description : A drug which does not produce any action by itself but decreases the slope of the log dose-response curve and suppresses the maximal response to another drug is a: A. Physiological antagonist B. Competitive antagonist C. Noncompetitive antagonist D. Partial agonist
Last Answer : C. Noncompetitive antagonist
Description : When the same dose of a drug is repeated at half life intervals, the steady-state (plateau) plasma drug concentration is reached after: A. 2–3 half lives B. 4–5 half lives C. 6–7 half lives D. 8–10 half lives
Last Answer : B. 4–5 half lives
Last Answer : C. Altering gut flora
Description : Bioavailability of drug refers to: A. Percentage of administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in the unchanged form B. Ratio of oral to parenteral dose C. Ratio of orally administered drug to ... in the faeces D. Ratio of drug excreted unchanged in urine to that excreted as metabolites
Last Answer : A. Percentage of administered dose that reaches systemic circulation in the unchanged form
Description : Drugs which undergo high degree of first-pass metabolism in liver: A. Have low oral bioavailability B. Are excreted primarily in bile C. Are contraindicated in liver disease D. Exhibit zero order kinetics of elimination
Last Answer : A. Have low oral bioavailability
Description : Fixed dose combination formulations are not necessarily appropriate for: A. Drugs administered in standard doses B. Drugs acting by the same mechanism C. Antitubercular drugs D. Antihypertensive drugs
Last Answer : B. Drugs acting by the same mechanism
Description : 3 Diffusion of drugs across cell membrane: A. Is dependent upon metabolic activity of the cell B. Is competitively inhibited by chemically related drugs C. Is affected by extent of ionization of drug molecules D. Exhibits saturation kinetics
Last Answer : C. Is affected by extent of ionization of drug molecules
Description : A fixed dose combination preparation meant for internal use must not contain the following class of drug: A. Thiazide diuretic B. Fluoroquinolone antimicrobial C. Corticosteroid D. H2 blocker
Last Answer : C. Corticosteroid
Description : The antidotal action of sodium nitrite in cyanide poisoning is based on: A. Physical antagonism B. Chemical antagonism C. Physiological antagonism D. Noncompetitive antagonism
Last Answer : B. Chemical antagonism
Description : The antagonism between adrenaline and histamine is called ‘physiological antagonism’ because: A. Both are physiologically present in the body B. They act on physiological receptors C. Both affect many physiological processes D. They have opposite physiological effects
Last Answer : D. They have opposite physiological effects
Description : The following attribute of a drug tends to reduce its volume of distribution: A. High lipid solubility B. Low ionisation at physiological pH values C. High plasma protein binding D. High tissue binding
Last Answer : C. High plasma protein binding
Description : A prodrug is: A. The prototype member of a class of drugs B. The oldest member of a class of drugs C. An inactive drug that is transformed in the body to an active metabolite D. A drug that is stored in body tissues and is then gradually released in the circulation
Last Answer : C. An inactive drug that is transformed in the body to an active metabolite
Description : Which of the following constitutes ‘drug abuse’: A. Physician prescribed use of penicillin G for the cure of viral fever B. Self administration of aspirin to relieve headache C. Repeated self administration of morphine to derive euphoria D. All of the above
Last Answer : D. Differ from each other in the degree of attendant psychological dependence
Description : Adaptive neurophysiological changes produced by repeated administration of a drug, which result in the appearance of characteristic withdrawal syndrome on discontinuation of the drug is called: A. Drug addiction B. Drug abuse C. Psychological dependence D. Physical dependence
Last Answer : D. Physical dependence
Description : In an anaesthetized dog, repeated intravenous injection of ephedrine shows the phenomenon of: A. Anaphylaxis B. Tachyphylaxis C. Idiosyncrasy D. Drug resistance
Last Answer : B. Tachyphylaxis
Description : Which of the following is not a primary/fundamental, but a derived pharmacokinetic parameter: A. Bioavailability B. Volume of distribution C. Clearance D. Plasma half life
Last Answer : D. Plasma half life
Description : Bioavailability differences among oral formulations of a drug are most likely to occur if the drug: A. Is freely water soluble B. Is completely absorbed C. Is incompletely absorbed D. Undergoes little first-pass metabolism
Last Answer : C. Is incompletely absorbed
Description : Drug administered through the following route is most likely to be subjected to first-pass metabolism: A. Oral B. Sublingual C. Subcutaneous D. Rectal
Last Answer : A. Oral
Description : Sustained/controlled release oral dosage form is appropriate for the following type of drug: A. An antiarthritic with a plasma half life of 24 hr B. A sleep inducing hypnotic with a plasma half life of ... 3 hours D. An analgesic with a plasma half life of 6 hours used for relief of casual headache
Last Answer : Microsomal enzyme induction has one of the following features: A. Takes about one week to develop B. Results in increased affinity of the enzyme for the substrate C. It is irreversible D. Can be used to treat acute drug poisonings
Description : Reflex bronchoconstriction is most likely to occur with the following form of inhaled antiasthma medication: A. Metered dose spray of drug in solution B. Dry powder rotacap C. Nebuliser D. Nebuliser with spacer
Last Answer : B. Dry powder rotacap
Description : A ‘toxic effect’ differs from a ‘side effect’ in that: A. It is not a pharmacological effect of the drug B. It is a more intense pharmacological effect that occurs at high dose or after prolonged medication C. It must involve drug induced cellular injury D. It involves host defence mechanisms
Last Answer : B. It is a more intense pharmacological effect that occurs at high dose or after prolonged medication
Description : A drug ‘R’ producing no response by itself causes the log dose-response curve of another drug ‘S’ to shift to the right in a parallel manner without decreasing the maximal response: Drug ‘R’ is a: A. Partial agonist B. Inverse agonist C. Competitive antagonist D. Noncompetitive antagonist
Last Answer : C. Competitive antagonist
Description : The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its: A. Safety B. Potency C. Efficacy D. Dose variability
Last Answer : A. Safety
Description : If the dose-response curves of a drug for producing different actions are widely separated on the dose axis, the drug is: A. Highly potent B. Highly efficacious C. Highly toxic D. Highly selective
Last Answer : D. Highly selective
Description : ‘Drug efficacy’ refers to: A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug C. The dose of the drug needed to produce half maximal effect D. The dose of the drug needed to produce therapeutic effect
Last Answer : B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug
Description : The following statement is not true of potency' of a drug: A. Refers to the dose of the drug needed to produce a certain degree of response B. Can be related to that of its congeners by ... consideration in the choice of a drug D. It reflects the capacity of the drug to produce a drastic response
Last Answer : D. It reflects the capacity of the drug to produce a drastic response
Description : The loading dose of a drug is governed by its: A. Renal clearance B. Plasma half life C. Volume of distribution D. Elimination rate constant
Last Answer : C. Volume of distribution
Description : If the clearance of a drug remains constant, doubling the dose rate will increase the steady-state plasma drug concentration by a factor of: A. × 3 B. × 2 C. × 1.5 D. × 1.3
Last Answer : B. × 2
Description : In addition to slow intravenous infusion, which of the following routes of administration allows for titration of the dose of a drug with the response: A. Sublingual B. Transdermal C. Inhalational D. Nasal insufflation
Last Answer : C. Inhalational
Description : A drug which is generally administered in standard doses without the need for dose individualization is: A. Insulin B. Mebendazole C. Prednisolone D. Digoxin
Last Answer : B. Mebendazole