Define the terms: (i) Lamp efficiency (ii) Luminous flux (iii) Luminaire (iv) Colour Rendering Index.

Define the terms: (i) Lamp efficiency (ii) Luminous flux (iii) Luminaire (iv) Colour Rendering Index. 
by

1 Answer

Answer :

i) Lamp efficiency or luminous efficiency: It is the ratio of luminous flux emitted by a lamp to the power consumed by the lamp. It is a reflection of efficiency of energy conservation from electricity to light form. Unit is „lumen / watt‟. 

ii) Luminous flux : It is the rate of flow of luminous energy and measured in terms of „lumen‟ 

iii) Luminaire: It is a device that distributes or transmits light emitted by one or more lamps. It includes all parts necessary for fixing and protecting the lamps, circuit‟s auxiliaries for connecting to supply. It works based on principle of reflection, absorption, transmission and refraction. 

iv) Colour Rendering Index (CRI): It is a measure of the degree to which the colours of surfaces illuminated by a given source compare to those of the same surface under reference illuminant.

by

Related questions

Define the following terms and state their units: (i) Luminous intensity, (ii) Luminous flux

Description : Define the following terms and state their units: (i) Luminous intensity, (ii) Luminous flux

Last Answer : i) Luminous intensity: This is defined as the luminous flux emitted into a solid angle of space in a specific direction. Its unit is the candela.  OR  The luminous flux per unit solid angle ( ... energy radiated by the light source in all direction. The unit of luminous flux is lumen (lm) 

A 60W lamp is rated at 0.8 watt/candela. Calculate (i) luminous intensity of the lamp, (ii) luminous flux of the lamp, and (iii) illuminance at a dist

Description : A 60W lamp is rated at 0.8 watt/candela. Calculate (i) luminous intensity of the lamp, (ii) luminous flux of the lamp, and (iii) illuminance at a dist

Last Answer : A 60W lamp is rated at 0.8 watt/candela. Calculate (i) luminous intensity of the lamp, (ii) ... iii) illuminance at a distance of 2m from the lamp.

Define the terms: i) Tariff ii) Fuel surcharge iii) Electricity Duty iv) Connected load

Description : Define the terms: i) Tariff ii) Fuel surcharge iii) Electricity Duty iv) Connected load

Last Answer : i) Tariff: The rate at which a consumer is charged for the consumption of electricity is called as tariff. OR The amount of money framed by the supplier for the supply of electrical energy ... is the total wattage of all appliances which are used by the consumer on his sanctioned connection. 

Define the following terms related to tariff: (i) Connected load (ii) Unit consumed (iii) Fixed charges (iv) Electricity Tax

Description : Define the following terms related to tariff: (i) Connected load (ii) Unit consumed (iii) Fixed charges (iv) Electricity Tax 

Last Answer : (i) Connected load  It is the sum of the power ratings (Watts or kW or MW) of all devices and machines existing (installed) in the premises of consumer. It is used to decide the ... a percentage of the total electricity bill which includes all amounts that go to the electricity supply agency. 

Define the following terms: i) Magnetic flux density, ii) Reluctance, iii) Magneto-motive force, iv) Permeance.

Description : Define the following terms: i) Magnetic flux density, ii) Reluctance, iii) Magneto-motive force, iv) Permeance.

Last Answer : (i) Magnetic flux density (B): It is the magnetic flux per unit area measured at right angles to the flux path. (Its unit is weber/m2 or tesla).  (ii) Reluctance: It is the ... flux to set up through it and it is reciprocal of reluctance. Permeance = 1/ Reluctance. Unit: weber/ampere.

Define each of following terms of illumination — lux, lumen, luminous flux, illumination.

Description : Define each of following terms of illumination — lux, lumen, luminous flux, illumination.

Last Answer : i) Lux :- It is unit of illumination and it is defined as luminous flux falling per unit area  ii) Lumen: It is defined as the luminous flux emitted by a source of one candle power per unit ... the given surface on the working plane. The unit of illumination is lumens/m2 OR lumens/m2 = 1 Lux

Luminous efficiency is least for a A. mercury vapor lamp B. low-wattage light bulb C. high-wattage light bulb D. fluorescent tube

Description : Luminous efficiency is least for a A. mercury vapor lamp B. low-wattage light bulb C. high-wattage light bulb D. fluorescent tube

Last Answer : B. low-wattage light bulb

Lux is the SI unit of - (1) intensity of illumination (2) luminous efficiency (3) luminous flux (4) luminous intensity

Description : Lux is the SI unit of - (1) intensity of illumination (2) luminous efficiency (3) luminous flux (4) luminous intensity

Last Answer : (1) intensity of illumination Explanation: The SI unit of intensity of illumination (illuminance) is the lux. An illuminance of 1.0 lux is produced by 1.0 lumen of light shining on an area of 1.0 m2.

Light intensity is generally described in terms of __________ and measured in _________. ∙ A. Luminous flux density; Lumens per unit area ∙ B. Luminous flux intensity; Lumens per unit area ∙ C. Luminous flux density; Lumens per unit volume ∙ D. Luminous flux intensity; Lumens per unit volume

Description : Light intensity is generally described in terms of __________ and measured in _________. ∙ A. Luminous flux density; Lumens per unit area ∙ B. Luminous flux intensity; Lumens per unit area ∙ C. Luminous flux density; Lumens per unit volume ∙ D. Luminous flux intensity; Lumens per unit volume

Last Answer : Luminous flux density; Lumens per unit area

Define : i) MMF ii) Reluctance iii) Fringing iv) Leakage flux

Description : Define : i) MMF ii) Reluctance iii) Fringing iv) Leakage flux

Last Answer : i) MMF:  It is the force that drives magnetic flux through magnetic circuit. It is measured in amp-turns.  ii) Reluctance (s) :-  Reluctance is the property of the substance ... through the magnetic circuit, leaks through the air surrounding the core. This flux is called as leakage flux.

Suggest the energy conservation techniques in following cases : (i) Motor is running with 70% loaded condition. (ii) Motor is continuously loaded at 50%. (iii) Motor runs with 30% loaded condition but sometimes rises to 50% loading condition. (iv) Motor runs continuously under no-load condition.

Description : Suggest the energy conservation techniques in following cases : (i) Motor is running with 70% loaded condition. (ii) Motor is continuously loaded at 50%. (iii) Motor runs with 30% loaded condition but sometimes rises to 50% loading condition. (iv) Motor runs continuously under no-load condition.

Last Answer : Following are the suggestion the energy conservation techniques in following cases :  (i) Motor is running with 70% loaded condition: Use APFC or IPFC for better power factor improvement. Use ... If possible use low capacity motor for above condition. If possible switch off the motor.

Describe the following energy conservation methods of lighting system. i) By replacing lamp sources ii) Using light control gears.

Description : Describe the following energy conservation methods of lighting system. i) By replacing lamp sources ii) Using light control gears.

Last Answer : Energy conservation methods of lighting system:  i) By replacing lamp sources:  Installation of energy efficient fluorescent lamps in place of Conventional fluorescent lamps. Installation of ... (HF) electronic ballasts in place of conventional ballasts which saves energy up to 35%.

Define (i) I.P (ii) B.P (iii)Volumetric efficiency (iv)Isothermal efficiency of air compressor

Description : Define (i) I.P (ii) B.P (iii)Volumetric efficiency (iv)Isothermal efficiency of air compressor

Last Answer : i) I.P. - It is the ratio of polytrophic work into speed of compressor in revolution per second.   ii) B.P. - It is the power required to drive the compressor or power delivered to ... the ratio of isothermal power to the shaft power or brake power of motor required to drive the compressor  

Define following parameter of rectifier: (i) Ripple factor (ii) Efficiency (iii) Peak Inverse Voltage (iv) Transformer utilization factor

Description : Define following parameter of rectifier: (i) Ripple factor (ii) Efficiency (iii) Peak Inverse Voltage (iv) Transformer utilization factor

Last Answer : (i) Ripple Factor - Ripple factor (γ) may be defined as the ratio of the root mean square (rms) value of the ripple voltage to the absolute value of the DC component of the ... the same rectifier. Effective VA Rating of transformer is the average of primary and secondary VA rating of transformer.

Given below are three basic rules: I. Squash and Stretch II. Slow-in and Slow-out III. To stage the action properly These rules are applied in case of (A) Rendering (B) Morphing (C) Animation (D) All the above

Description : Given below are three basic rules: I. Squash and Stretch II. Slow-in and Slow-out III. To stage the action properly These rules are applied in case of (A) Rendering (B) Morphing (C) Animation (D) All the above

Last Answer : (C) Animation

State the use of following: (i) Screw driver (ii) Nose pliers (iii) Wire gauge (iv) Test lamp

Description : State the use of following: (i) Screw driver (ii) Nose pliers (iii) Wire gauge (iv) Test lamp 

Last Answer : i) Screw Driver: Usually hand-operated, for turning screws with slotted heads for losing and tightening the screws.  ii) Nose pliers : To hold and tight the wires   iii) Wire Gauge: To ... supply voltage, Verification of voltage & current in the system and also check the open circuit fault. 

The luminous effeciency of a lamp is `51mW^(-1)` and its luminous intensity is 35 cd. Determine the power of the lamp.

Description : The luminous effeciency of a lamp is `51mW^(-1)` and its luminous intensity is 35 cd. Determine the power of the lamp.

Last Answer : The luminous effeciency of a lamp is `51mW^(-1)` and its luminous intensity is 35 cd. Determine the power of the lamp.

Define and explain the following terms:  i. Zero vector (Null vector)  ii. Resultant vector  iii. Negative vectors iv. Equal vectors 

Description : Define and explain the following terms:  i. Zero vector (Null vector)  ii. Resultant vector  iii. Negative vectors iv. Equal vectors 

Last Answer : Define and explain the following terms: i. Zero vector (Null vector) ii. Resultant vector ... vectors iv. Equal vectors v. Position vector

Define the following terms: i) Level line ii) Bench Mark iii) Change point iv) Profile levelling

Description : Define the following terms: i) Level line ii) Bench Mark iii) Change point iv) Profile levelling

Last Answer : i) Level line - It is line lying in a level surface; it is therefore, normal to the plumb line at all points. ii) Bench Mark - These are fixed points or marks of known RL determined with ... the centerline of a proposed ditch or road or the centerline of a natural feature such as a stream bed.

Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Description : Define the terms i) Fore Bearing, ii) Open traverse, iii) Closing error, iv) Reduced bearing

Last Answer : i) Fore bearing : The bearing observed in the direction of progress of survey in clockwise manner is called fore bearing  ii) Open traverse : When the first and last survey lines does ... north or south direction in clockwise or anticlockwise manner is known as reduced or quadrantal bearing. 

Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Level surface {ii) Datum line (iii) Reduced level (iv) Axis of telescope

Last Answer : i)Level Surface : Any surface is parallel to mean spheroidal surface of earth is said to be a level surface. The water surface of still lake is also considered to be level surface. ii) ... an imaginary line passing through the optical Centre of object glass and optical Centre of the eye piece.

Define the following terms: (i) Data abstraction (ii) Class (iii) Dynamic binding (iv) Polymorphism

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Data abstraction (ii) Class (iii) Dynamic binding (iv) Polymorphism

Last Answer : (i) Data abstraction: Abstraction refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details or explanation. Data abstraction is the process of defining a data type, often ... more than one form at different instances depending on the type or number of arguments. 

Define the following terms related to antennas; (i) Antenna resistance (ii) Directivity (iii) Antenna gain (iv) Power density

Description : Define the following terms related to antennas; (i) Antenna resistance (ii) Directivity (iii) Antenna gain (iv) Power density

Last Answer : Antenna Resistance - The resistance of an antenna has two components: 1. Its radiation resistance due to conversion of power into electromagnetic waves 2. The resistance due to actual losses in the ... the transmitter power divided by the surface area of a sphere (4πR2) at that distance.

Define the following terms: (i) Polarization (ii) Antenna gain (iii)Antenna resistance (iv)Directivity

Description : Define the following terms: (i) Polarization (ii) Antenna gain (iii)Antenna resistance (iv)Directivity

Last Answer : i) Polarization:- It is defined as the direction of electric field vector in the EM wave radiated by the transmitting antenna. ii) Antenna Gain:- Antenna gain is defined as the ratio of ... in only one direction in which the radiation is maximum. That is directivity = Max. directive gain

Define the following terms : (i) absorptivity (ii) reflectivity (iii) transmissivity (iv) emissivity

Description : Define the following terms : (i) absorptivity (ii) reflectivity (iii) transmissivity (iv) emissivity

Last Answer : Absorptivity: It is the fraction of total incident radiation which is absorbed by a body. Reflectivity: It is the fraction of total incident radiation which is reflected by a body.  Transmissivity: It ... total emissive power of a body to emissive power of a black body at the same temperature. 

Define following terms (i) Kinematic link (ii) Kinematic pair (iii) Kinematic chain (iv) Mechanism (v) Machine (vi) Inversion

Description : Define following terms (i) Kinematic link (ii) Kinematic pair (iii) Kinematic chain (iv) Mechanism (v) Machine (vi) Inversion

Last Answer : (i) Kinematic link: Each part of a machine, which moves relative to some other part, is known as a kinematic link.  (ii) Kinematic pair: The two links or elements of a machine, ... obtaining different mechanisms by fixing different links in a kinematic chain is known as inversion of the mechanism.

Define following terms: i) Economic span ii) Afflux iii) Waterway iv) Free board

Description : Define following terms: i) Economic span ii) Afflux iii) Waterway iv) Free board

Last Answer : i) Economic span: The span for which the total cost of the bridge is minimum is known as economical span of a bridge. ii) Afflux: It is the rise in water surface caused due to the obstruction ... , if any, and the lowest point on the underside of the bridge super structure is called free board.

Define the following terms with respect to protective relays i) Relay time ii) Reset current iii) Plug setting multiplier and iv) Time setting multiplier

Description : Define the following terms with respect to protective relays i) Relay time ii) Reset current iii) Plug setting multiplier and iv) Time setting multiplier

Last Answer : 1) Relay Time: The time interval between occurrence of fault and closure of relay contacts.  2) Reset Current: The value of current below which the relay resets and comes back to ... The adjustment arrangement provided for setting the operation time of relay is known as Time setting multiplier. 

Define following terms used in A.C. circuits : (i) Cycle (ii) Rms value (iii) Phase difference (iv) Average value

Description : Define following terms used in A.C. circuits : (i) Cycle (ii) Rms value (iii) Phase difference (iv) Average value

Last Answer : (i) Cycle:   A complete set of variation of an alternating quantity which is repeated at regular interval of time is called as a cycle. OR  Each repetition of an alternating quantity ... charge as is transferred by the alternating current during the same time under the same conditions. 

Define following terms related to logic families : (i) Noise Margin (ii) FAN-OUT (iii) Propagation delay (iv) Power dissipation

Description : Define following terms related to logic families : (i) Noise Margin (ii) FAN-OUT (iii) Propagation delay (iv) Power dissipation

Last Answer : i) Noise immunity is measured in terms of noise margin. High state Noise margin = VNH = VOH(min) - VIH(min) Low state Noise margin = VNL = VIL(max) - VOL(max) i) The fan-out is defined as the ... logical 0 state (HIGH to LOW) iii) Average power dissipation is defined as PD(avg) = ICC(avg) * VCC

Define the following terms : (i) Base Station (ii) Control Channel (iii) Mobile Station (iv) Page

Description : Define the following terms : (i) Base Station (ii) Control Channel (iii) Mobile Station (iv) Page 

Last Answer : i) Base Station: - A fixed station in a mobile radio system used for radio communication with mobile stations. Base stations are located at the center or on the edge of a coverage region ... the page throughout the service area using base stations which broadcast the page on a radio carrier.

Define the terms related to a.c. supply with waveform : i) Instantaneous value ii) Time period iii) Amplitude iv) Phase difference.

Description : Define the terms related to a.c. supply with waveform : i) Instantaneous value ii) Time period iii) Amplitude iv) Phase difference. 

Last Answer : i) Instantaneous value: The instantaneous value is the value of an alternating quantity (it may ac voltage or ac current or ac power) at a particular instant of time in the cycle .  OR  ... difference: Phase difference is the difference in phase angle between two sinusoids or phasors. 

Define each of following terms of operational amplifiers i) Slew rate ii) Input offset voltage iii) Voltage gain iv) Input capacitance

Description : Define each of following terms of operational amplifiers i) Slew rate ii) Input offset voltage iii) Voltage gain iv) Input capacitance

Last Answer : i) Slew rate:- Maximum rate of change of o/p voltage per unit of time. It is express in volt/µsec.  ii) Input offset voltage:- The voltage that must be applied between two ... capacitance that can be measured at either be inverting or non-inverting terminal with other terminal connected to ground.

Define the terms : i) Node ii) Branch iii) Loop iv) Mesh

Description : Define the terms : i) Node ii) Branch iii) Loop iv) Mesh

Last Answer : i) Node:  A point or junction where two or more elements of the network are connected together is called as node.  ii) Branch: A part of an electric network which lies between two junctions ... path (same as loop) in an electric circuit. OR A loop that does not contain any other loop inside

Define the terms: i) Hardness ii) Toughness iii) Brazing iv) Machinability

Description : Define the terms: i) Hardness ii) Toughness iii) Brazing iv) Machinability

Last Answer : i) Hardness:- Hardness is the property of metal possessed by a material which enables it to resist penetration or abrasion or scratching by other material. Diamond is the hardest of known materials.  ... can be easily cut by cutting tools to produce a desired shape & surface finish on its surface

Which of the following statements are true? i) reactive current is necessary to build up the flux for the magnetic field of inductive devices ii) some portion of reactive current is converted into work iii) the cosine of angle between kVA and kVAr vector is called power factor iv) the cosine of angle between kW and kVA vector is called power factor a) i & iv b) ii & iii c) i & iii d) iii & iv

Description : Which of the following statements are true? i) reactive current is necessary to build up the flux for the magnetic field of inductive devices ii) some portion of reactive current is converted into work iii) the cosine of angle ... called power factor a) i & iv b) ii & iii c) i & iii d) iii & iv

Last Answer : a) i & iv

The effects due to electric current are: I. Magnetic effect II. Heating effect III. Luminous effect

Description : The effects due to electric current are: I. Magnetic effect II. Heating effect III. Luminous effect Application working on which effect can be used on AC as well as DC supply? a. I only b. II only c. II and III only d. I, II only

Last Answer : The effects due to electric current are: I. Magnetic effect II. Heating effect III. Luminous effect Application working on which effect can be used on AC as well as DC supply? a. I only b. II only c. II and III only d. I, II only

Sale of Goods and rendering of services are recognized under: a) ICDS-X b) ICDS-IV c) ICDS-V d) ICDS-VIII

Description : Sale of Goods and rendering of services are recognized under: a) ICDS-X b) ICDS-IV c) ICDS-V d) ICDS-VIII

Last Answer : b) ICDS-IV

With neat diagram explain the following terms: (i) Steam turbine co-generation system (ii) Gas turbine co-generation system

Description : With neat diagram explain the following terms: (i) Steam turbine co-generation system (ii) Gas turbine co-generation system

Last Answer : (i) Steam turbine co-generation system: The two types of steam turbines most widely used are the backpressure and the extraction. Another variation of the steam turbine topping ... power. The exhaust or the extracted steam from the steam turbine provides the required thermal energy.

How many of following metals impart a characteristic colour to the Bunsen flame ? `(i) Na " " (ii) Li " " (iii) K " " (iv) Ba` `(v) Sr " " (vi) Mg " "

Description : How many of following metals impart a characteristic colour to the Bunsen flame ? `(i) Na " " (ii) Li " " (iii) K " " (iv) Ba` `(v) Sr " " (vi) Mg " "

Last Answer : How many of following metals impart a characteristic colour to the Bunsen flame ? `(i) Na " " (ii) Li " " (iii) K ... ix) `Be " " (x )Ca " " (x i)Cu`

Colour of rail ends becomes after preheating ? (i) Golden * (ii) Pink Red (iii) Red (iv) Yellow

Description : Colour of rail ends becomes after preheating ? (i) Golden * (ii) Pink Red (iii) Red (iv) Yellow

Last Answer : (i) Golden

The colour of bag containing Portion for 110 UTS ? (i) Red (ii) Green (iii) Pink (iv) Black*

Description : The colour of bag containing Portion for 110 UTS ? (i) Red (ii) Green (iii) Pink (iv) Black*

Last Answer : iv) Black*

he colour of bag containing Portion for 90 UTS ? (i) Red (ii) Green * (iii) Pink (iv) Black

Description : he colour of bag containing Portion for 90 UTS ? (i) Red (ii) Green * (iii) Pink (iv) Black

Last Answer : ii) Green *

The colour of bag containing Portion for 72 UTS ? (i) Pink (ii) Green (iii) Red * (iv) Black

Description : The colour of bag containing Portion for 72 UTS ? (i) Pink (ii) Green (iii) Red * (iv) Black

Last Answer : (iii) Red *

Differentiate between AM and FM on the basis of: (i) Definition (ii) Bandwidth (iii) Modulation Index (iv) Application

Description : Differentiate between AM and FM on the basis of: (i) Definition (ii) Bandwidth (iii) Modulation Index (iv) Application

Last Answer : Compare AM and FM on the basis of i)Definition ii)Bandwidth iii) Wave propogation iv)Number of sidebands

Compare narrow band FM with wide-band FM w.r.t. following points. (i) Modulation index (ii) Maximum deviation (iii)Range of modulating frequency (iv)Application

Description : Compare narrow band FM with wide-band FM w.r.t. following points. (i) Modulation index (ii) Maximum deviation (iii)Range of modulating frequency (iv)Application

Last Answer : Sr. No Parameters Narrow band FM Wide band FM 1 Modulation index Less than or slightly greater than 1 Greater than 1  2 Maximum deviation ... like police wireless, ambulance etc. Entertainment broadcasting can be used for high quality music transmission 

Which of the following are the benefits of E-marketing? i) Speed ii) Reach and Penetration iii) Ease and Efficiency iv) Low Cost v) Targeted audience A) i, ii, iii and iv only B) ii, iii, iv and v only C) i, iii, iv and v only D) All i, ii, iii, iv and v

Description : Which of the following are the benefits of E-marketing? i) Speed ii) Reach and Penetration iii) Ease and Efficiency iv) Low Cost v) Targeted audience A) i, ii, iii and iv only B) ii, iii, iv and v only C) i, iii, iv and v only D) All i, ii, iii, iv and v

Last Answer : D) All i, ii, iii, iv and v

Differentiate induced draft and forced draft cooling towers based on (i) Location of fan (ii) Corrosion of blades (iii) Efficiency (iv) Fan size

Description : Differentiate induced draft and forced draft cooling towers based on (i) Location of fan (ii) Corrosion of blades (iii) Efficiency (iv) Fan size

Last Answer : Differentiate induced draft and forced draft cooling towers based on (i) Location of fan (ii) Corrosion of blades (iii) Efficiency (iv) Fan size

Compare between class A and class B amplifier on the basis of (i) Efficiency (ii) Power (iii) Position of Q- point (iv) O/P distortion

Description : Compare between class A and class B amplifier on the basis of (i) Efficiency (ii) Power (iii) Position of Q- point (iv) O/P distortion

Last Answer : Parameter Class A Class B 

Compare Class A ,Class B, Class C and class AB power amplifiers on the basis of: i)Angle of conduction ii)Efficiency iii)Position of operating pointing power dissipation iv)Distortion

Description : Compare Class A ,Class B, Class C and class AB power amplifiers on the basis of: i)Angle of conduction ii)Efficiency iii)Position of operating pointing power dissipation iv)Distortion

Last Answer : Compare Class A ,Class B, Class C and class AB power amplifiers on the basis of: i)Angle of conduction ii)Efficiency iii)Position of operating pointing power dissipation iv)Distortion