Description : Th effect or response produced by two or more chemicals are less than the sum of the effects or response that the chemical would produce individually is known as - (1) Antagonism (2) Independent (3) Additive (4) Synergism
Last Answer : (1) Antagonism Explanation: Synergy is the interaction of multiple elements in a system to produce an effect different from or greater than the sum of their individual effects. On the other hand, ... of two or more substances to produce an effect less than the sum of their individual effects.
Description : Eposure to mixtures of chemicals are greater than expected on the basis of effects of expo-sure to each chemical individually. This is known as – (1) Additives (2) Antagonism (3) Synergism (4) Independent
Last Answer : (3) Synergism Explanation: When the toxic effect of the mixture is greater than that expected for the sum of individual constituent doses, which is that effects of combined doses are more- ... less than that expected under the dose additivity assumption, the interactions are said to be antagonistic.
Description : Exposure to mixtures of chemicals are greater than expected on the basis of effects of exposure to each chemical individually. This is known as (1) Additives (2) Antagonism (3) Synergism (4) Independent
Last Answer : Synergism
Description : If the effect of combination of two drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effects, the two drugs are exhibiting: A. Potentiation B. Synergism C. Cross tolerance D. Antagonism
Last Answer : B. Synergism
Description : Which of the following terms best describes the antagonism of leukotriene's bronchoconstrictor effect (mediated at leukotriene receptors) by terbutaline (acting a adrenoceptors) in a patient with ... ) Partial agonist (c) Physiologic antagonist (d) Chemical antagonist (e) Noncompetitive antagonist
Last Answer : Ans: C
Description : Which of the following statements is correct in relation to the endocrine system? (a) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messenger are known as ... in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones.
Last Answer : (a) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amounts that act as intercellular messenger are known as hormones.
Description : ‘Drug efficacy’ refers to: A. The range of diseases in which the drug is beneficial B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug C. The dose of the drug needed to produce half maximal effect D. The dose of the drug needed to produce therapeutic effect
Last Answer : B. The maximal intensity of response that can be produced by the drug
Description : Beneficial effects of β-adrenoceptor blockers in CHF include the following except: A. Antagonism of ventricular wall stress enhancing action of sympathetic overactivity B. Antagonism ... Prevention of pathological remodeling of ventricular myocardium D. Prevention of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias
Last Answer : B. Antagonism of vasoconstriction due to sympathetic overactivity
Description : The antagonism between adrenaline and histamine is called ‘physiological antagonism’ because: A. Both are physiologically present in the body B. They act on physiological receptors C. Both affect many physiological processes D. They have opposite physiological effects
Last Answer : D. They have opposite physiological effects
Description : Presence of sodium tripolyphosphate (an additive) in synthetic detergent (A) Facilitates its use even in hard water (by sequestering the waterhardening Ca & Mg ions) (B) Inhibits its corrosive effects (C) Does not allow redeposition of dirt on the cleaned surface (D) None of thes
Last Answer : (A) Facilitates its use even in hard water (by sequestering the waterhardening Ca & Mg ions)
Description : The posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups is likely to control for which of the following threats to internal validity: a. History b. Differential selection c. additive and interactive effects d. differential attrition
Last Answer : a. History
Description : The antidotal action of sodium nitrite in cyanide poisoning is based on: A. Physical antagonism B. Chemical antagonism C. Physiological antagonism D. Noncompetitive antagonism
Last Answer : B. Chemical antagonism
Description : Which of the following are examples of appropriate applications of additive manufacturing inthe actual production of parts and products? a.Castings made in small quantities b.Plastic parts in small batch sizes c.Mass-produced metal parts d.Special textile products
Last Answer : b.Plastic parts in small batch sizes
Description : Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a high octane (octane no. = 115) gasoline blending component is produced by the simple additive reaction of isobutylene with (A) Methyl alcohol (B) Ethyl alcohol (C) Methane (D) Ethane
Last Answer : (A) Methyl alcohol
Description : . A dilute aqueous solution is to be concentrated in an evaporator system. High pressure steam is available. Multiple effect evaporator system is employed, because (A) Total heat transfer area of ... in a single effect is much lower than that in any effect in a multi-effect system
Last Answer : (B) Total amount of vapor produced per Kg of feed steam in a multiple effect system is much higher than in a single effect
Description : The concept of chemical evolution is based on (a) interaction of water, air and clay under intense heat (b) effect of solar radiation on chemicals (c) possible origin of life by combination of chemicals under suitable environmental conditions (d) crystallisation of chemicals.
Last Answer : (c) possible origin of life by combination of chemicals under suitable environmental conditions
Description : synergism is like a ________ in your bloodstream. -General Knowledge
Last Answer : Synergism is like a volcano in your bloodstream.
Description : When a virus enters a cell but does not replicate immediately, the situation is Called A.lysogeny B.fermentation C.symbiosis D.synergism
Last Answer : A.lysogeny
Description : Select the drug combination which does not exhibit supraadditive synergism: A. Nalidixic acid + Nitrofurantoin B. Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid C. Pyrimethamine + Sulfadoxine D. Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
Last Answer : A. Nalidixic acid + Nitrofurantoin
Description : The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ... Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events
Last Answer : Answer: a, d Cytokines, which are produced at the site of injury by endothelial cells and by diverse immune cells throughout the body, also occupy a pivotal position in the stress response ... act as hormones and spill over into the systemic circulation and become detectable in the bloodstream
Description : The non-nutrient chemicals which acts as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts are known as
Last Answer : The non-nutrient chemicals which acts as intercellular messengers and are produced in trace amounts are ... Enzymes B. Mucous C. Hormones D. None
Description : Trade-offs between competing effects are necessary for high speed response. Which competing effect (fast transit time, low capacitance, or high quantum efficiency) requires a thin active area?
Last Answer : Fast transit time.
Description : Choose the correct statement about topical NSAID preparations: A. They produce high drug levels in the blood by avoiding hepatic first pass metabolism B. They produce high drug levels in ... a strong placebo effect D. Interindividual variability in clinical response to these preparations is minimal
Last Answer : C. They elicit symptomatic relief in soft tissue rheumatism mainly by a strong placebo effect
Description : Read both the statements and decide which of the following answer choice correctly depicts the relationship between these two statements. Statements: I. Importance of Yoga and exercise is being realized by all ... independent causes. (d) Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.
Last Answer : (b) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
Description : What is additive reaction ?
Last Answer : A reaction in which a new compound is formed by direct or direct connection of two substances is called a reaction reaction. It is a characteristic reaction of bonded compounds.
Description : Immunodeficiency: a) A localized protective reaction of tissue to irritation, injury, or infection, characterized by pain, redness, swelling, and sometimes a loss of function b) A disorder or deficiency ... effect and damage the liver. e) It is an immunity disorder which is genetically transferred.
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : Secondary metabolites such as nicotine, strychnine and caffeine are produced by plants for their (a) nutritive value (b) growth response (c) defence action (d) effect on reproduction
Last Answer : (c) defence action
Description : What action has been taken to reduce effects of toxic chemicals?
Last Answer : What is the answer ?
Description : The ability of Vibrio fischerito produce bioluminescence chemicals only when a certain population density has been reached is an example of A.Liebig's law of the minimum B.Shelford's law of tolerance C.quorum sensing D.Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty
Last Answer : C.quorum sensing
Description : In an experimental research study, the primary goal is to isolate and identify the effect produced by the ____. a. Dependent variable b. Extraneous variable c. Independent variable d. Confounding variable
Last Answer : c. Independent variable
Description : The sum of masses of two nuclei produced in nuclear fission compared to the mass of original nucleus is (A) Less (B) More (C) Same (D) Much more
Last Answer : (A) Less
Description : When selling a series of books online, is it more profitable to sell them individually or as a set?
Last Answer : In personal experience, I’ve found that selling most things individually on eBay will get them sold more quickly. I’d recommend selling that DVD apart from the graphic novels, but making sure that you keep the graphic novels together as a package item. By series, at least.
Description : Assertion (A): Hydrostatic lubrication is more advantageous when compared to hydrodynamic lubrication during starting and stopping the journal in its bearing. Reason (R): In hydrodynamic lubrication, the fluid film pressure is ... (c) A is true but R is false (d) A is false but R is true
Last Answer : (b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
Description : The sum of potential energy and kinetic energy is known as : (1) Electrical energy (2) Chemical energy (3) Light energy (4) Mechanical energy
Last Answer : (4) Mechanical energy Explanation: In physical sciences, mechanical energy is the sum ofpotential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object.
Description : Though bromocriptine acts directly on dopamine receptors, it is used in parkinsonism only as a supplement to levodopa because: A. It has low efficacy B. It produces marked dyskinesias C. ... its effective doses produce intolerable side effects D. Its therapeutic effect takes long time to develop
Last Answer : C. Used alone, its effective doses produce intolerable side effect
Description : Which of the following shows biological antagonism or allelopathy?
Last Answer : Which of the following shows biological antagonism or allelopathy? A. Amensalism B. Proto-cooperation C. Competition D. Parasitism
Description : Methylxanthines exert the following action (s) at cellular/molecular level (a) Intracellular release of Ca2+ (b) Antagonism of adenosine (c) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (d) All of the above
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : “Antagonism “ is seen in a. Lag phase b. Plasmids c. Log phase d. None of these
Description : Which type of antimicrobial drug combination is most likely to exhibit antagonism ? (a) Bactericidal + Bactericidal (b) Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a highly sensitive organism (c) Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a marginally sensitive organism (d) Bacteriostatic + Bacteriostatic
Description : Mycorrhiza exhibits the phenomenon of (a) parasitism (b) symbiosis (c) antagonism (d) endemism.
Last Answer : (b) symbiosis
Description : efficacy of an activator adjuvant is a function of a). Adjuvant only b). Herbicide only c). Both a&b d). Antagonism
Last Answer : c). Both a&b
Description : The following anti-HIV drug should not be combined with zidovudine because of mutual antagonism: A. Stavudine B. Lamivudine C. Nevirapine D. Ritonavir
Last Answer : A. Stavudine
Description : Which type of antimicrobial drug combination is most likely to exhibit antagonism: A. Bactericidal + Bactericidal B. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a highly sensitive organism C. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a marginally sensitive organism D. Bacteriostatic + Bacteriostatic
Last Answer : B. Bactericidal + Bacteriostatic for a highly sensitive organism
Description : The mechanisms involved in the causation of dangerous cardiac arrhythmias due to overdose of tricyclic antidepressants include the following except: A. Intraventricular conduction block B. Potentiation of noradrenaline C. Antagonism of acetylcholine D. Increased vagal tone
Last Answer : D. Increased vagal tone
Description : The primary mechanism of action of benzodiazepines is: A. Dopamine antagonism B. Adenosine antagonism C. Opening of neuronal chloride channels D. Facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride influx
Last Answer : D. Facilitation of GABA-mediated chloride influx