Description : By which of the following mechanism reduces Aspirin pain: A. It is anti inflammatory by the release of histamine B. It blocks the cyclo-oxygenase pathway.
Last Answer : B. It blocks the cyclo-oxygenase pathway.
Description : The neurohormonal arm of the stress response is well defined. Less is known about the inflammatory arm mediated primarily by cytokines. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true ... Cytokine release may stimulate the release of other cytokines leading to an important cascade of events
Last Answer : Answer: a, d Cytokines, which are produced at the site of injury by endothelial cells and by diverse immune cells throughout the body, also occupy a pivotal position in the stress response ... act as hormones and spill over into the systemic circulation and become detectable in the bloodstream
Description : Which of the following statements are true of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)? A. The two-hit model proposes that secondary MODS may be produced when even a relatively ... intensive care units has decreased owing to increased awareness, prevention, and treatment of the syndrome.
Last Answer : Answer: ABC DISCUSSION: MODS is part of a clinical continuum that begins with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome, which is the host's stress response to any major insult such ... pathogenesis of MODS, the incidence of MODS continues to increase without a significant improvement in outcome
Description : Answer: b, c, d Eosinophils constitute 1% to 3% of the leukocyte population of the bloodstream. They also reside in tissues and they exhibit phagocytic capabilities. They are less ... the cycle of events that result in recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells at sites of inflammation
Last Answer : Cellular injury from oxidants may be manifest by which of the following? a. Cell membrane lipid peroxidation b. DNA strand breaks c. Cytoskeletal disassembly d. ATP depletion
Description : Match the following columns and select the correct option. Column-I Column - II (A) Eosinophils (i) Immune response (B) Basophils (ii) Phagocytosis (C) Neutrophils (iii) Release histaminase, destructive enzymes (D) Lymphocytes (iv) ... (iii) (c) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii) (d) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)
Last Answer : (a) (iii) (iv) (ii) (i)
Description : Following is an example of preformed and not lipid derived mast cell mediator of inflammatory process (a) LTC4 (b) PGD2 (c) PAF (d) Histamine
Last Answer : Ans: D
Description : Assertion . Mast cells in human body release excessive amount of inflammatory chemicals which cause allergic reactions. Reason . Allergens in the envi
Last Answer : Assertion . Mast cells in human body release excessive amount of inflammatory chemicals which cause ... If both the assertion and reason are false
Description : Inflammation is a complex tissue reaction that includes the release of cytokines, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, and peptides. Prostaglandins involved in inflammatory processes are produced from arachidonic acid by (a) ... 2 (c) Glutathione - S - transferase (d) Lipoxygenase (e) Phospholipase A2
Last Answer : Ans: B
Description : Of the following classifications of medications, which is known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis or release? a) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in large doses NSAIDs ... to cause immunosuppression. d) Antineoplastic agents Antineoplastic agents are known to cause immunosuppression.
Last Answer : a) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in large doses NSAIDs include aspirin and ibuprofen.
Description : The following kinin action is mediated primarily by the kinin B1 receptor: A. Intestinal contraction B. Bronchoconstriction C. EDRF release and vasodilatation D. Production of Interleukin, TNFα and other inflammatory mediators
Last Answer : . Production of Interleukin, TNFα and other inflammatory mediators
Description : Which type of white blood cells are concerned with the release of histamine and the natural anticoagulant heparin ?
Last Answer : Which type of white blood cells are concerned with the release of histamine and the natural ... Eosinophils B. Monocytes C. Neutrophils D. Basophils
Description : What cells release histamine during allergic responses?
Last Answer : Need answer
Description : Zinc is involved in storage and release of (A) Histamine (B) Acetylcholine (C) Epinephrine (D) Insulin
Last Answer : Answer : D
Description : Edema associated with decreased plasma oncotic pressure may be caused by C A. Sodium depletion B. Histamine release C. Liver disease D. None of these
Last Answer : Liver disease
Description : Which type of white blood cells are concerned with the release of histamine and the natural anticoagulant heparin? (a) Eosinophils (b) Monocytes (c) Neutrophils (d) Basophils
Last Answer : d) Basophils
Description : Hashimoto disease and Graves‘ disease are similar in that both a. Affect the thyroid gland. b. Affect the red blood cells. c. Are forms of cellular hypersensitivity? d. Are accompanied by histamine release.
Last Answer : b. Affect the red blood cells.
Description : Cytotoxic T cells release which 2 toxic proteins as they fight target cells? a. histamine and heparin b. perforin and granzymes c. interleukin and interferon d. lysozymes and cytokines
Last Answer : b. perforin and granzymes
Description : Opioid analgesics reduce pain by the release of which naturally appearing product:CHECK A. Serotonin B. Histamine C. Enkephalins/endomorphins/endorphins/dynorphines
Last Answer : C. Enkephalins/endomorphins/endorphins/dynorphines
Description : Morphine induced fall in blood pressure involves the following factors except: A. Direct cardiac depression B. Direct reduction of vascular tone C. Vasomotor centre depression D. Histamine release
Last Answer : A. Direct cardiac depression
Description : The following factor is not involved in the causation of hypotension due to spinal anaesthesia: A. Histamine release B. Reduced sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone C. Decreased venous return from the lower limbs D. Bradycardia
Last Answer : A. Histamine release
Description : Neostigmine reverses the following actions of d-tubocurarine except: A. Motor weakness B. Ganglionic blockade C. Histamine release D. Respiratory paralysis
Last Answer : C. Histamine release
Description : Which of the following is applicable to mivacurium: A. It undergoes Hoffmann elimination B. It is the shortest acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker C. It is excreted unchanged by kidney D. It does not cause histamine release
Last Answer : B. It is the shortest acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocker
Description : Succinylcholine is the preferred muscle relaxant for tracheal intubation because: A. It produces rapid and complete paralysis of respiratory muscles with quick recovery B. It does not alter heart rate or ... C. It does not cause histamine release D. It does not produce postoperative muscle soreness
Last Answer : A. It produces rapid and complete paralysis of respiratory muscles with quick recovery
Description : Pancuronium differs from tubocurarine in that: A. It is a depolarizing blocker B. Its action is not reversed by neostigmine C. It can cause rise in BP on rapid I.V. injection D. It causes marked histamine release
Last Answer : C. It can cause rise in BP on rapid I.V. injection
Description : Select the skeletal muscle relaxant that is commonly used for endotracheal intubation despite causing histamine release, K+ efflux from muscles and cardiovascular changes: A. Pipecuroniun B. Succinylcholine C. Pancuronium D. Cisatracurium
Last Answer : B. Succinylcholine
Description : The fall in blood pressure caused by d-tubocurarine is due to: A. Reduced venous return B. Ganglionic blockade C. Histamine release D. All of the above
Last Answer : D. All of the above
Description : The drug that can directly release histamine from mast cells without involving antigen-antibody reaction is: A. Aspirin B. Procaine C. Morphine D. Sulfadiazine
Last Answer : C. Morphine
Description : The action of histamine that is not mediated through H1 receptors is: A. Release of EDRF from vascular endothelium resulting in vasodilatation B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation C. Bronchoconstriction D. Release of catecholamines from adrenal medulla
Last Answer : B. Direct action on vascular smooth muscle causing vasodilatation
Description : Do people exaggerate miracles?
Last Answer : To my way of thinking, the real miracle is that people believe in miracles. We were born and we live, love and procreate. Isn’t that enough miracle already?
Description : Do you think that stress can exaggerate or magnify pain?
Last Answer : I was in a car accident in late 2008. From the accident I got 6 bulging disks and a pinched nerve. I can tell you from experience, my back always hurts about a millions times worse whenever I am having a really long/stressful week.
Description : How do you say You exaggerate in spanish?
Last Answer : You exaggerate = Exageras
Description : Which group of communication aspects does not distort the communication process in the class? (a) Reversing - evaluation - focusing (b) Evaluating - focusing - illustrating (c) Evaluating - focusing - exaggerating (d) focusing - illustrating - exaggerate
Last Answer : (b) Evaluating - focusing - illustrating
Description : Why do people ice sprains, or, why do people counter the body's natural inflammatory response?
Last Answer : (Relatedly: is it useful to ice after exercising? Why?)
Description : What are the Mechanical and chemical barriers the inflammatory response and the immune response?
Last Answer : Feel Free to Answer
Description : How does the inflammatory response affect the kidney?
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct concerning the immunoinflammatory response to shock? a. The anaphylactoxins, C3a and C5a, are products of activation of only the classical pathway ... effects d. Platelet-activating factor can be released by both circulating and fixed tissue cells
Last Answer : Answer: d Inflammatory mediators have recently been recognized as playing a significant role in the clinical manifestations and progression of shock and the development ... increased pulmonary vascular resistance, bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasodilatation, and increased vascular permeability
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning tumor necrosis factor (TNF)? a. TNF is a product of activated macrophages secreted in response to contact with endotoxin or ... completed clinical trials of anti-TNF antibody in septic patients shows a marked improvement in survival
Last Answer : Answer: a, b Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a protein product of activated macrophages, is secreted in response to contact with endotoxin or lipopolysaccharide, antibody complexes, or ... patients utilizing infusion of monoclonal antibodies to the TNF molecule have shown no overall survival benefit
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning metabolic derangements in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome which may follow progressive shock? a. Alterations in glucose ... The serum aromatic amino acids fall rapidly as they are actively used in oxidative metabolism
Last Answer : Answer: b, c A broad spectrum of metabolic abnormalities become apparent in sepsis and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome following shock. Disruption of the normal cycles of carbohydrate, ... acetyl coenzyme A. This results in reduced serum level of leucine, isoleucine and valine
Description : Under certain circumstances, the gut may become a source of sepsis and serve as the motor of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Microbial translocation is the process by which microorganisms ... intestinal mucosal permeability c. Decreased host defense mechanisms d. Lack of enteral feeding
Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d 99 Translocation is promoted in three general ways: 1) altered permeability of the intestinal mucosa as caused by shock, sepsis, distant injury, or cell toxins; 2) ... trauma patient d. Fifty percent of non-nitrogen caloric requirements should be provided in the form of fat
Description : In contrast to adult wound healing with scar formation, which of the following are characteristic of scarless fetal skin repair? A. Matrix rich in hyaluronic acid. B. Increased inflammatory response. C. Increased production of TGF-b. D. No collagen deposition. E. Minimal angiogenesis.
Last Answer : Answer: AE DISCUSSION: The ability of a fetus to heal without scar formation depends on its gestational age at the time of injury and the size of the wound defect. In ... repair has possible clinical applications in the modulation of adult fibrotic diseases and abnormal scar-forming conditions
Description : Which of the following immune responses is responsible for rejection of kidney graft? (a) Cell-mediated immune response (b) Auto-immune response (c) Humoral immune response (d) Inflammatory immune response
Last Answer : (a) Cell-mediated immune response
Description : The figure shows a human blood cell. Identify it and give its characteristics. Blood cell Characteristics (a) Basophil Secretes serotonin, inflammatory response (b) B-lymphocyte Forms about 20% of ... Most abundant blood cells, phagocytic (d) Monocyte Lifespan of 3 days, produces antibodies
Last Answer : (a) Basophil Secretes serotonin, inflammatory response
Description : In a patient of pulmonary tuberculosis, pyrazinamide is most active on the following subpopulation of tubercle bacilli: A. Rapidly multiplying bacilli located on cavity walls B. Slow ... showing inflammatory response C. Intermittently multiplying bacilli within caseous material D. Dormant bacilli
Last Answer : B. Slow growing bacilli within macrophages and at sites showing inflammatory response
Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the vascular response to injury? a. Vasoconstriction is an early event in the response to injury b. Vasodilatation is a ... Histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2) are important mediators of local vasoconstriction
Last Answer : Answer: a After wounding, there is transient vasoconstriction mediated by catecholamines, thromboxane, and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2a). This period of vasoconstriction lasts for only five to ten minutes. Once ... and mast cells and enhance the egress of cells and substrate into the wound and tissue
Description : Histamine H2 blockers attenuate the gastric secretory response to acetylcholine and pentagastrin as well because: A. H2 blockers block gastric mucosal cholinergic and gastrin receptors as well B. H2 ... acetylcholine and gastrin all act through the phospholipase C-IP3:DAG pathway in gastric mucosa
Last Answer : C. Acetylcholine and gastrin act partly by releasing histamine in gastric mucosa
Description : What is the rarest or most expensive toy that you have touched?
Last Answer : Not hundred percent sure but I think I touched that space shuttle on display in that museum in Virginia. What I really wanted to touch was the SR-71.
Description : Imagine training your body for years to be immune to most poisons for years and becoming an absolute expert on even the rarest ones only to be killed by the likes of bleach. While in the after life chatting with fellow poison experts, someone asks you how you died. What do you say?
Last Answer : I died of old age trying to read your question.
Description : Which type of WBCs are most abundant in the blood of rabbit and other vertebrates?
Last Answer : Which type of WBCs are most abundant in the blood of rabbit and other vertebrates? A. Acidophils B. Basophils C. Lymphocytes D. Neutrophils