'Chlorination' is 1. A process of converting chlorides into chlorine 2. Adding small amounts of chlorine to impure water 3. A chemical reaction in which chlorine is formed 4. An addition reaction of ethylene and chlorine The correct statements are: (a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 2

'Chlorination' is 1. A process of converting chlorides into chlorine 2. Adding small amounts of chlorine to impure water 3. A chemical reaction in which chlorine is formed 4. An addition reaction of ethylene and chlorine The correct statements are: (a) 1 and 4 (b) 2 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 (d) 1 and 2
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Pick out the wrong statement. (A) For the manufacture of styrene, the major raw materials are benzene and ethylene (B) One important copolymer of styrene is SBR, which is widely used in the manufacture of automobile tyres (C) Manufacture of phenol by chloroben-zene-eaustic process involves. The chlorination of benzene, causticisation and hydrolysis (D) Phenol manufacture by chlorobenzene-caustic process is competitive even when low cost chlorine is not available

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) For the manufacture of styrene, the major raw materials are benzene and ethylene (B) One important copolymer of styrene is SBR, which is widely ... D) Phenol manufacture by chlorobenzene-caustic process is competitive even when low cost chlorine is not available

Last Answer : (D) Phenol manufacture by chlorobenzene-caustic process is competitive even when low cost chlorine is not available

Which one of the following tests employs Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid as a titrating agent? (a) Chlorides (b) Dissolved oxygen (c) Hardness (d) Residual chlorine

Description : Which one of the following tests employs Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid as a titrating agent? (a) Chlorides (b) Dissolved oxygen (c) Hardness (d) Residual chlorine

Last Answer : (c) Hardness

Which of the following reasons are responsible for adoption of post-chlorination of water? 1. Chlorine demand is reduced. 2. Possibility of taste and odour formation is reduced. 3. Possibility of carcinogenic compounds is reduced. 4. Chloramines are formed. (a) 1, 2, 3 & 4 (b) 1, 2 & 3 only (c) 1, & 4 only (d) 2, 3 & 4 only

Description : Which of the following reasons are responsible for adoption of post-chlorination of water? 1. Chlorine demand is reduced. 2. Possibility of taste and odour formation is reduced. 3. Possibility of carcinogenic compounds is reduced. 4. Chloramines ... b) 1, 2 & 3 only (c) 1, & 4 only (d) 2, 3 & 4 only

Last Answer : (c) 1, & 4 only

The best process of disinfection of public water supply, is by (A) Boiling (B) Chlorination (C) Adding lime (D) Adding ozone

Description : The best process of disinfection of public water supply, is by  (A) Boiling  (B) Chlorination  (C) Adding lime  (D) Adding ozone 

Last Answer : (B) Chlorination 

BHC (Benzene hexachloride) is made by the chlorination of benzene (A) Which is an addition reaction (B) Which is a substitution reaction (C) In absolute dark (D) In presence of sunlight

Description : BHC (Benzene hexachloride) is made by the chlorination of benzene (A) Which is an addition reaction (B) Which is a substitution reaction (C) In absolute dark (D) In presence of sunlight

Last Answer : (A) Which is an addition reaction

Which of the following statements concerning SN2 reactions of alkyl halides is not correct? (a) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the nucleophile. (b) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the alkyl halide. (c) The rate of reaction of a particular alkyl bromide depends on the steric accessibility of the carbon of the C-Br bond. (d) All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Description : Which of the following statements concerning SN2 reactions of alkyl halides is not correct? (a) The rate of reaction depends on the concentration of the nucleophile. (b) The rate of reaction depends on the ... carbon of the C-Br bond. (d) All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Last Answer : All alkyl iodides react more rapidly than all alkyl chlorides

Raw water treated with only chlorine, is known as (A) Plain chlorination (B) Pre-chlorination (C) First-chlorination (D) De-chlorination

Description : Raw water treated with only chlorine, is known as (A) Plain chlorination (B) Pre-chlorination (C) First-chlorination (D) De-chlorination

Last Answer : (A) Plain chlorination

For plain chlorination of water, the quantity of chlorine used, is (A) 0.1 mg/litre (B) 0.2 mg/litre (C) 0.3 mg/litre (D) 0.5 mg/litre

Description : For plain chlorination of water, the quantity of chlorine used, is (A) 0.1 mg/litre (B) 0.2 mg/litre (C) 0.3 mg/litre (D) 0.5 mg/litre

Last Answer : (D) 0.5 mg/litre

In the chlorination of alkanes, the first step in which chlorine free radicals are produced is called (a) initiation(b) activation(c) propagation(d) deactivation:

Description : In the chlorination of alkanes, the first step in which chlorine free radicals are produced is called : (a) initiation (b) activation (c) propagation (d) deactivation

Last Answer : initiation

At break point of chlorination, (A) Chlorine is used to oxidise (B) Residual chloride is zero (C) Residual chloride is maximum (D) Residual chlorine reappears

Description : At break point of chlorination, (A) Chlorine is used to oxidise (B) Residual chloride is zero (C) Residual chloride is maximum (D) Residual chlorine reappears

Last Answer : (D) Residual chlorine reappears

At break point of chlorination, (A) Chlorine is used to oxidise (B) Residual chloride is zero (C) Residual chloride is maximum (D) Residual chlorine reappears

Description : At break point of chlorination,  (A) Chlorine is used to oxidise  (B) Residual chloride is zero  (C) Residual chloride is maximum  (D) Residual chlorine reappears 

Last Answer : (D) Residual chlorine reappears 

What is the word meaning to make impure or pollute by contact with or addition of something?

Description : What is the word meaning to make impure or pollute by contact with or addition of something?

Last Answer : The word is contaminate.

The chlorination of methane to give CCl4 is an example of (a) an electrophilic addition (b) a free-radical substitution (c) a nucleophilic addition (d) an electrophilic substitution

Description : The chlorination of methane to give CCl4 is an example of (a) an electrophilic addition (b) a free-radical substitution (c) a nucleophilic addition (d) an electrophilic substitution

Last Answer : a free-radical substitution

How is the process of converting kiwi in plastic-ware evidence of a chemical reaction?

Description : How is the process of converting kiwi in plastic-ware evidence of a chemical reaction?

Last Answer : It gives evidence of a chemical reaction because it's molecules have changed to make something new also because it looks very different from how it looked before.

All the following statements about cystic fibrosis are correct except (A) It is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease (B) It affects a number of exocrine glands (C) It causes increased sweating (D) Sweat chlorides are above 60 mEq/L in this disease

Description : All the following statements about cystic fibrosis are correct except (A) It is inherited as an autosomal recessive disease (B) It affects a number of exocrine glands (C) It causes increased sweating (D) Sweat chlorides are above 60 mEq/L in this disease

Last Answer : Answer : C

Consider the following statements: 1. Carbonate hardness is due to bicarbonates. 2. Non-carbonate hardness is due to sulphates and chlorides of Ca and Mg. 3. Both the hardnesses can be removed by lime-soda method. 4. Both the hardnesses can be removed by ion-exchange method. Which of these statements are correct? (a) 1, 2 & 3 only (b) 1, 2 & 4 only (c) 2, 3 & 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 & 4

Description : Consider the following statements: 1. Carbonate hardness is due to bicarbonates. 2. Non-carbonate hardness is due to sulphates and chlorides of Ca and Mg. 3. Both the hardnesses can be removed by lime-soda method. 4. Both the hardnesses can be ... (b) 1, 2 & 4 only (c) 2, 3 & 4 only (d) 1, 2, 3 & 4

Last Answer : (a) 1, 2 & 3 only

What kind of mechanism is to be taken into account for converting a weak entity set into strong entity set in entity-relationship diagram ? (A) Generalization (B) Aggregation (C) Specialization (D) Adding suitable attributes

Description : What kind of mechanism is to be taken into account for converting a weak entity set into strong entity set in entity-relationship diagram ? (A) Generalization (B) Aggregation (C) Specialization (D) Adding suitable attributes

Last Answer : (D) Adding suitable attributes

Permanent hardness of water can be removed by (A) Adding alum (B) Adding lime (C) Adding chlorine (D) Zeolite process

Description : Permanent hardness of water can be removed by  (A) Adding alum  (B) Adding lime  (C) Adding chlorine  (D) Zeolite process

Last Answer : (D) Zeolite process

Adding Cl2 to benzene in the presence of AlCl3 is an example of – (1) Elimination reaction (2) Substitution reaction (3) None of the options (4) Addition reaction

Description : Adding Cl2 to benzene in the presence of AlCl3 is an example of – (1) Elimination reaction (2) Substitution reaction (3) None of the options (4) Addition reaction

Last Answer : (2) Substitution reaction Explanation: The reaction between benzene and chlorine in the presence of a catalyst such as aluminium chloride gives Chlorobenzene. This reaction is an example of electrophilic substitution ... since one of the hydrogen atoms on the ring is replaced by a chlorine atom.

Adding Cl2 to benzene in the presence of AlCl3 is an example of : (1) Elimination reaction (2) Substitution reaction (3) None of the options (4) Addition reaction

Description : Adding Cl2 to benzene in the presence of AlCl3 is an example of : (1) Elimination reaction (2) Substitution reaction (3) None of the options (4) Addition reaction

Last Answer : Substitution reaction

Esters can be formed by nucleophilic substitution reactions of : (a) carboxylic acids and alcohols ; acid-catalyzed (b) acid chlorides and alcohols (c) both of the above (d) neither of the above

Description : Esters can be formed by nucleophilic substitution reactions of : (a) carboxylic acids and alcohols ; acid-catalyzed (b) acid chlorides and alcohols (c) both of the above (d) neither of the above

Last Answer : both of the above

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Linear polymers are formed from bifunctional groups only and are normally thermoplastic (B) Cross-linked branched chain polymers are either elastometric or thermosetting (C) Branching in case of cross-linked polymers caused by small amount of impurities in bifunctional monomer formulation reduces its solubility and increases the softening point (D) Dibasic acids reacts with dihydric alcohols to give polyesters using addition polymerisation reaction

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Linear polymers are formed from bifunctional groups only and are normally thermoplastic (B) Cross-linked branched chain polymers are either elastometric or ... (D) Dibasic acids reacts with dihydric alcohols to give polyesters using addition polymerisation reaction

Last Answer : D) Dibasic acids reacts with dihydric alcohols to give polyesters using addition polymerisation reaction

What positional isomers of pentachlorobenzene are formed during chlorination of benzene?

Description : How many positional isomers of pentachlorobenzene can be formed during the chlorination of benzene. Please help, I don't know how. Thank you

Last Answer : Need Answer

Iron & manganese present in the polluted water is removed by (A) Simple filtration (B) Oxidation followed by settling & filtration (C) Chemical coagulation (D) Chlorination only

Description : Iron & manganese present in the polluted water is removed by (A) Simple filtration (B) Oxidation followed by settling & filtration (C) Chemical coagulation (D) Chlorination only

Last Answer : (B) Oxidation followed by settling & filtration

Phenolic water generated in coke ovens & by-product plant attached to an integrated steel plant containing phenol in concentration of less than 100 mg/litre can be removed by (A) Chlorination (B) Treating in biological oxygen pond (C) Chemical coagulation (D) None of these

Description : Phenolic water generated in coke ovens & by-product plant attached to an integrated steel plant containing phenol in concentration of less than 100 mg/litre can be removed by (A) Chlorination (B) Treating in biological oxygen pond (C) Chemical coagulation (D) None of these

Last Answer : (B) Treating in biological oxygen pond

The most commonly used chemical for de-chlorination of water, is (A) Sodium thiosulphate (B) Sodium bisulphate (C) Sodium sulphite (D) Sulphur-dioxide

Description : The most commonly used chemical for de-chlorination of water, is  (A) Sodium thiosulphate  (B) Sodium bisulphate  (C) Sodium sulphite  (D) Sulphur-dioxide 

Last Answer : (C) Sodium sulphite 

Using triangle law of vector addition, explain the process of adding two vectors which are not lying in a straight line.

Description : Using triangle law of vector addition, explain the process of adding two vectors which are not lying in a straight line.

Last Answer : Using triangle law of vector addition, explain the process of adding two vectors which are not lying in a straight line.

Which of the following statements is false about secondary amines? (a) They react with chloroform and NaOH to form isocyanides. (b) They can be prepared by reduction of isocyanides. (c) They react with acid chlorides to give substituted amides. (d) They react with ice-cold nitrous acid to give nitrosamine (yellow oil)

Description : Which of the following statements is false about secondary amines? (a) They react with chloroform and NaOH to form isocyanides. (b) They can be prepared by reduction of isocyanides. (c) They react ... give substituted amides. (d) They react with ice-cold nitrous acid to give nitrosamine (yellow oil)

Last Answer : They react with chloroform and NaOH to form isocyanides.

In spark ignition engines, the knocking tendency can be decreased by a) decreasing compression ratio b) controlling intake throttle c) controlling ignition timing d) adding dopes like tetraethyl lead and ethylene dibromide

Description : In spark ignition engines, the knocking tendency can be decreased by a) decreasing compression ratio b) controlling intake throttle c) controlling ignition timing d) adding dopes like tetraethyl lead and ethylene dibromide

Last Answer : Answer: d Explanation: None.

(a) Define a balanced chemical equation. Why should an equation be balanced? (b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction: (i) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus penta chloride. (ii) Burning of natural gas. (iii) The process of respiration. -Chemistry

Description : (a) Define a balanced chemical equation. Why should an equation be balanced? (b) Write the balanced chemical equation for the following reaction: (i) Phosphorus burns in presence of chlorine to form phosphorus penta chloride. (ii) Burning of natural gas. (iii) The process of respiration. -Chemistry

Last Answer : Answer. (a) Balanced chemical equation has an equal number of atoms of different elements in the reactants and products. According to law of conservation of mass, matter can neither be created nor be destroyed in a chemical ... C6H12O6 (s) + 6O2 (g) + 6H2O ---> 6CO2 (aq) + 12H2O (l) + energy

Acid chlorides undergo reduction to the corresponding aldehydes on treatment with hydrogen in the presence of Pd/BaSO4. This reaction is called : (a) Clemmensen reduction (b) Rosenmund reduction (c) Wolf-Kishner reduction (d) None of these

Description : Acid chlorides undergo reduction to the corresponding aldehydes on treatment with hydrogen in the presence of Pd/BaSO4. This reaction is called : (a) Clemmensen reduction (b) Rosenmund reduction (c) Wolf-Kishner reduction (d) None of these

Last Answer : Rosenmund reduction

. Hunsdiecker reaction is used for the preparation of (a) Alkyl chlorides and bromides (b) Alkyl nitrates and nitrites (c) Ketenes (d) Alcohols

Description : . Hunsdiecker reaction is used for the preparation of (a) Alkyl chlorides and bromides (b) Alkyl nitrates and nitrites (c) Ketenes (d) Alcohols

Last Answer : Alkyl chlorides and bromides

Which of the following gases were used to decontaminate mail after the anthrax scare? a. Ethylene Oxide b. Chlorine Dioxide c. Carbon Dioxide d. Ozone

Description : Which of the following gases were used to decontaminate mail after the anthrax scare? a. Ethylene Oxide b. Chlorine Dioxide c. Carbon Dioxide d. Ozone

Last Answer : b. Chlorine Dioxide

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide produces methyl alcohol (B) In nylon-6, the number 6 represents the total number of carbon atoms in the ring (C) Raw materials for DDT manufacture are benzene and chlorine (D) Ethanolamines are produced by using ammonia and ethylene oxide as raw material

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) Catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide produces methyl alcohol (B) In nylon-6, the number 6 represents the total number of carbon atoms in the ring (C ... are benzene and chlorine (D) Ethanolamines are produced by using ammonia and ethylene oxide as raw material

Last Answer : (C) Raw materials for DDT manufacture are benzene and chlorine

Pick out the wrong statement. (A) DDT is manufactured by the condensation of chlorobenzene with chloral at 30°C in presence of oleum, which is a highly exothermic reaction (B) Chloral is obtained by the chlorination of ethyl alcohol (C) Insecticides acting on the insects through the respiratory system are called fumigants (D) Benzene hexachloride is not a contact insecticide

Description : Pick out the wrong statement. (A) DDT is manufactured by the condensation of chlorobenzene with chloral at 30°C in presence of oleum, which is a highly exothermic reaction (B) Chloral ... through the respiratory system are called fumigants (D) Benzene hexachloride is not a contact insecticide

Last Answer : (D) Benzene hexachloride is not a contact insecticide

Addition oxcessive amounts of heat to a lake is referred to as - (1) Refrigeration effect (2) Green House effect (3) Thermal pollution (4) Heat Bloom

Description : Addition oxcessive amounts of heat to a lake is referred to as - (1) Refrigeration effect (2) Green House effect (3) Thermal pollution (4) Heat Bloom

Last Answer : (3) Thermal pollution Explanation: Thermal pollution is defined as the addition of excess of undesirable heat to water thereby making it harmful to man, animal or aquatic life. A common ... . The change in ambient temperature of water decreases oxygen supply and affects ecosystem com-position.

Addition oxcessive amounts of heat to a lake is referred to as : (1) Refrigeration effect (2) Green House effect (3) Thermal pollution (4) Heat Bloom

Description : Addition oxcessive amounts of heat to a lake is referred to as : (1) Refrigeration effect (2) Green House effect (3) Thermal pollution (4) Heat Bloom

Last Answer : Thermal pollution

By adding 1 ml of Orthotolidine solution to 100 ml chlorinated water taken after contact period, the residual chlorine makes the colour of solution (A) Yellowish (B) Greenish (C) Bluish (D) Reddish

Description : By adding 1 ml of Orthotolidine solution to 100 ml chlorinated water taken after contact period, the residual chlorine makes the colour of solution (A) Yellowish (B) Greenish (C) Bluish (D) Reddish

Last Answer : (A) Yellowish

Refining process of impure metals depends upon the differences in properties of the metal. Extraction of Al is usually carried out from its bauxite or

Description : Refining process of impure metals depends upon the differences in properties of the metal. Extraction of Al is usually carried out from its bauxite or

Last Answer : Refining process of impure metals depends upon the differences in properties of the metal. ... . leaching C. liquation D. magnetic seperation

Refining process of impure metals depends upon the differences in properties of the metal. Extraction of Al is usually carried out from its bauxite or

Description : Refining process of impure metals depends upon the differences in properties of the metal. Extraction of Al is usually carried out from its bauxite or

Last Answer : Refining process of impure metals depends upon the differences in properties of the metal. Extraction of Al is usually ... A D. I-D,II-A,III-C,IV-B

Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to nitric acid. (A) About 90% of nitric acid is manufactured by Ostwald's process (B) It is a strong mono basic acid which reacts with almost all the metals except noble metals (C) Yellow color of impure nitric acid is because of dissolved oxides of nitrogen (mainly NO2 ) (D) Arc process of nitric acid manufacture is economical as compared to Ostwald's process

Description : Pick out the wrong statement pertaining to nitric acid. (A) About 90% of nitric acid is manufactured by Ostwald's process (B) It is a strong mono basic acid which reacts with almost all the ... (mainly NO2 ) (D) Arc process of nitric acid manufacture is economical as compared to Ostwald's process

Last Answer : (D) Arc process of nitric acid manufacture is economical as compared to Ostwald's process

Denatured alcohol 1. Is an impure form of ethanol 2. Is unfit for drinking as it contains poisonous substances 3. Contains impurities 4. Is very unsafe to consume The correct answers are: (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3

Description : Denatured alcohol 1. Is an impure form of ethanol 2. Is unfit for drinking as it contains poisonous substances 3. Contains impurities 4. Is very unsafe to consume The correct answers are: (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2 and 3

Last Answer : Ans:(b)

Which of the following statements about hypertension in diabetes patients is/are correct? A. Hypertension worsens the macrovascular disease of diabetes patients. B. Hypertension accelerates the progression of diabetic nephropathy. C. Hypertension is associated with sodium retention in diabetes patients. D. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should be used in all patients with chronic hyperglycemia, regardless of the presence of hypertension. E. Diuretics, as single-drug therapy, are not indicated in the treatment of hypertension in diabetes patients.

Description : Which of the following statements about hypertension in diabetes patients is/are correct? A. Hypertension worsens the macrovascular disease of diabetes patients. B. Hypertension accelerates the ... single-drug therapy, are not indicated in the treatment of hypertension in diabetes patients.

Last Answer : Answer: ABCDE DISCUSSION: All of the answers listed are correct. By damaging endothelial cells, hypertension worsens macrovascular disease in all patients but especially in diabetics. Hypertension ... is not indicated because the chronic state of dehydration in such patients may become worse

Iron and manganese present as pollutants in water cannot be re-moved by - (1) oxidation followed by settling and filtration (2) chlorination (3) ion exchange process (4) lime soda process or manganese zeolite process

Description : Iron and manganese present as pollutants in water cannot be re-moved by - (1) oxidation followed by settling and filtration (2) chlorination (3) ion exchange process (4) lime soda process or manganese zeolite process

Last Answer : (2) chlorination Explanation: Water chlorination is the process of adding chlorine or hypochlorite to water. This method is used to kill certain bacteria and other microbes in tap water as chlorine is ... is used to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera, dysentery, typhoid etc.

Iron & manganese present as pollutant in water cannot be removed by (A) Ion exchange process (B) Oxidation followed by settling & filtration (C) Lime soda process or manganese zeolite process(D) Chlorination

Description : Iron & manganese present as pollutant in water cannot be removed by (A) Ion exchange process (B) Oxidation followed by settling & filtration (C) Lime soda process or manganese zeolite process (D) Chlorination

Last Answer : (D) Chlorination

Standard process of chlorination of water, is done by (A) Plain chlorination (B) Pre-chlorination (C) Post-chlorination (D) Double chlorination

Description : Standard process of chlorination of water, is done by (A) Plain chlorination (B) Pre-chlorination (C) Post-chlorination (D) Double chlorination

Last Answer : (C) Post-chlorination

Iron and manganese present as pollutants in water cannot be removed by_____ (1) oxidation followed by settling and filtration (2) chlorination (3) ion exchange process (4) lime soda process or manganese zeolite process

Description : Iron and manganese present as pollutants in water cannot be removed by_____ (1) oxidation followed by settling and filtration (2) chlorination (3) ion exchange process (4) lime soda process or manganese zeolite process

Last Answer : chlorination

The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for both antigen and antibody detection b. Southern, northern, and western immunoblot techniques are used to detect DNA, RNA, or proteins, respectively c. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a sensitive assay used to detect small amounts of microbial DNA, thus detecting infection at its early stages d. Infectious agents currently detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Description : The following statement(s) is/are true concerning newer detection methods of systemic infection. a. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a rapid immunologic assay used for ... detected using advanced molecular techniques include cytomegalovirus (CMV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d Although the classic detection of infection based on clinical signs of infection and bacterial culture remain the most common clinical tools, increasing ... including CMV and HIV. Furthermore, preliminary investigations into possible detection of fungal pathogens are underway

For the gaseous phase chemical reaction, C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ↔ C2H5OH(g), the equilibrium conversion does not depend on the (A) Steam to ethylene ratio (B) Temperature (C) Pressure (D) None of these

Description : For the gaseous phase chemical reaction, C2H4(g) + H2O(g) ↔ C2H5OH(g), the equilibrium conversion does not depend on the (A) Steam to ethylene ratio (B) Temperature (C) Pressure (D) None of these

Last Answer : (D) None of these