What is mild paranasal sinus mucosal disease?

What is mild paranasal sinus mucosal disease?
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Of the five classes of antibodies,_____ and_____ are primary disease fighters, while secretory _____ is found on body (mucosal) surfaces. a. IgA, IgG, IgD b. IgG, IgA, IgM c. IgG, IgD, IgM d. IgG, IgM, IgA

Description : Of the five classes of antibodies,_____ and_____ are primary disease fighters, while secretory _____ is found on body (mucosal) surfaces. a. IgA, IgG, IgD b. IgG, IgA, IgM c. IgG, IgD, IgM d. IgG, IgM, IgA

Last Answer : d. IgG, IgM, IgA

Which of the following techniques would be most useful in the differential diagnosis between ectopic Cushing's syndrome and pituitary dependent Cushing's disease. 1) Urine free cortisol 2) High dose Dexamethasone suppression test 3) ACTH concentrations 4) Inferior petrosal sinus sampling 5) CRF test

Description : Which of the following techniques would be most useful in the differential diagnosis between ectopic Cushing's syndrome and pituitary dependent Cushing's disease. 1) Urine free cortisol 2) ... Dexamethasone suppression test 3) ACTH concentrations 4) Inferior petrosal sinus sampling 5) CRF test

Last Answer : Answers-4 Inferior petrosal sinus sampling with an elevated central ACTH concentration compared with the peripheral value is the most valuable test in the differential diagnosis of either Cushing's disease or ectopic Cushing's syndrome. The other tests are far less useful in comparison.

The commonest cause of unilateral exophthalmos is: a. Thyroid eye disease b. Lacrimal gland tumour c. Orbital cellulitis d. Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Description : The commonest cause of unilateral exophthalmos is: a. Thyroid eye disease b. Lacrimal gland tumour c. Orbital cellulitis d. Cavernous sinus thrombosis

Last Answer : ANSWER: A

What is the function of mucosal syrup ?

Description : What is the function of mucosal syrup ?

Last Answer : Mucosol works for the treatment of the following conditions ; Hapani disease , SOPD , bronchitis , Cough

Nasal mucosal biopsy?

Description : Nasal mucosal biopsy?

Last Answer : DefinitionA nasal mucosal biopsy is the removal of a small piece of tissue from the lining of the nose so that it can be checked for disease.Alternative NamesBiopsy - nasal mucosa; Nose biopsyHow the ... bleeding after the procedure is common. If there is bleeding, the blood vessels may be sealed

Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the role of glutamine in total parenteral nutrition? a. Glutamine is an essential amino acid b. Glutamine appears to be of primary benefit in critical illness c. Glutamine is included in most standard TPN solutions d. Glutamine is the primary energy source for intestinal mucosal cells of the small bowel and colon

Description : Which of the following statement(s) is/are true concerning the role of glutamine in total parenteral nutrition? a. Glutamine is an essential amino acid b. Glutamine appears to be of primary ... . Glutamine is the primary energy source for intestinal mucosal cells of the small bowel and colon

Last Answer : Answer: b Glutamine is the most studied gut-specific nutrient. Glutamine has been classified as a nonessential or nutritionally dispensable amino acid since glutamine can be synthesized in adequate ... . In contrast to glutamine, short chain fatty acids are primary energy source for colonocytes

Answer: e The role of nutritional support in the cancer patient remains an important component of overall therapy. Preoperative nutritional support should be given only to those patients who do not require an emergency operation and who have severe weight loss (> 15% of pre-illness body weight) and a serum albumen < 2.9 mg%. Preoperative nutrition (enteral or parenteral) should not be given for longer than 7 to 10 days. Enteral nutrition is always the preferred route of feeding cancer patients if the GI tract is functional. There are several benefits of using the bowel lumen for nutrient delivery. The trophic effects of enteral feeding on small bowel mucosa have been well described. The integrity of the mucosal lining is maintained and it may provide an effective barrier to intraluminal

Description : Answer: e The role of nutritional support in the cancer patient remains an important component of overall therapy. Preoperative nutritional support should be given only to those patients who ... of bowel rest; this atrophy is not reversed by currently available total parenteral nutrition solutions

Last Answer : Which of the following hormones can be expected to be released as part of the stress response? a. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) b. Aldosterone c. Insulin d. Epinephrine nswer: a, b, d ... This hormone has the exact opposite effect of insulin, which promotes glucose storage and uptake by the cells

Under certain circumstances, the gut may become a source of sepsis and serve as the motor of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Microbial translocation is the process by which microorganisms migrate across the mucosal barrier to invade the host. Which of the following mechanisms can promote bacterial translocation? a. An increased number of gut bacteria b. Altered intestinal mucosal permeability c. Decreased host defense mechanisms d. Lack of enteral feeding

Description : Under certain circumstances, the gut may become a source of sepsis and serve as the motor of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. Microbial translocation is the process by which microorganisms ... intestinal mucosal permeability c. Decreased host defense mechanisms d. Lack of enteral feeding

Last Answer : Answer: a, b, c, d 99 Translocation is promoted in three general ways: 1) altered permeability of the intestinal mucosa as caused by shock, sepsis, distant injury, or cell toxins; 2) ... trauma patient d. Fifty percent of non-nitrogen caloric requirements should be provided in the form of fat

It has been suggested that enterocyte-specific fuels be utilized for all patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Theoretically, the benefits of such fuels include: A. Glutamine increases gut mucosal protein content and wall thickness. B. Butyrate increases jejunal mucosal protein content and wall thickness. C. The short-chain fatty acids—butyrate, propionate, and acetate—are useful in supporting ileal mucosal protein content and thickness. D. The use of glutamine-enriched solutions for parenteral nutrition for patients with chemotherapy toxicity or radiation enteritis is without hazards.

Description : It has been suggested that enterocyte-specific fuels be utilized for all patients receiving parenteral nutrition. Theoretically, the benefits of such fuels include: A. Glutamine increases ... parenteral nutrition for patients with chemotherapy toxicity or radiation enteritis is without hazards.

Last Answer : Answer: NONE IS ENTIRELY TRUE DISCUSSION: The use of enterocyte-specific fuels is part of a new and potentially exciting phase of nutritional pharmacology in parenteral nutrition; ... the maintenance of colonocyte-specific nutrition and, in the case of butyrate, ileal enterocyte nutrition

Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed (a) Cutaneous (b) Mucosal (c) Renal (d) Skeletal muscle

Description : Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed (a) Cutaneous (b) Mucosal (c) Renal (d) Skeletal muscle

Last Answer : Ans: D

In the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, the most important limitation of aspirin is (a) Acid – base and electrolytc disturbances (b) Hypersensitivity and idiosyncratic reactions (c) Gastric mucosal damage (d) Salicylism

Description : In the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, the most important limitation of aspirin is (a) Acid – base and electrolytc disturbances (b) Hypersensitivity and idiosyncratic reactions (c) Gastric mucosal damage (d) Salicylism

Last Answer : Ans: C

What happens to the fatty acids in the mucosal cell?

Description : What happens to the fatty acids in the mucosal cell?

Last Answer : Once inside the intestinal mucosal cell, the long chain fatty acids are re-esterified to form triglycerides 

Which of the following are antimicrobial defense mechanisms in the urethra? a. size and length of the urethra b. shedding of cells in the mucosal lining and bacteria with urinationc. normally basic urine d. A-C are correct

Description : Which of the following are antimicrobial defense mechanisms in the urethra? a. size and length of the urethra b. shedding of cells in the mucosal lining and bacteria with urination c. normally basic urine d. A-C are correct

Last Answer : b. shedding of cells in the mucosal lining and bacteria with urination

Celiac sprue is an example of which category of malabsorption? a) Mucosal disorders causing generalized malabsorption In addition to celiac sprue, regional enteritis and radiation enteritis are examples of mucosal disorders.

Description : Celiac sprue is an example of which category of malabsorption? a) Mucosal disorders causing generalized malabsorption In addition to celiac sprue, regional enteritis and radiation ... malabsorption Postoperative gastric or intestinal resection can result in development of malabsorption syndromes.

Last Answer : a) Mucosal disorders causing generalized malabsorption In addition to celiac sprue, regional enteritis and radiation enteritis are examples of mucosal disorders.

Oral mucosal pigmentation; what is TRUE: a. Commonly depends on ethnicity. b. Commonly an amalgam tattoo. c. Commonly oral melanoma. d. Commonly melanotic naevus.

Description : Oral mucosal pigmentation; what is TRUE: a. Commonly depends on ethnicity. b. Commonly an amalgam tattoo. c. Commonly oral melanoma. d. Commonly melanotic naevus.

Last Answer : a. Commonly depends on ethnicity.

Which of the following is seen in benign mucosal membrane pemphigoid:** A. Tzanck cells B. Intraepithelial vesicles C. Histopathology like aphthous ulcer D. Scarring of the conjunctiva

Description : Which of the following is seen in benign mucosal membrane pemphigoid:** A. Tzanck cells B. Intraepithelial vesicles C. Histopathology like aphthous ulcer D. Scarring of the conjunctiva

Last Answer : D. Scarring of the conjunctiva

What is TRUE about Oral mucosal pigmentation;: A. Commonly seen in ethnic groups B. Commonly an amalgam tattoo C. Commonly oral melanoma D. Commonly melanotic naevus What is TRUE about Oral mucosal pigmentation;: A. Commonly seen in ethnic groups B. Commonly an amalgam tattoo C. Commonly oral melanoma D. Commonly melanotic naevus

Description : What is TRUE about Oral mucosal pigmentation;: A. Commonly seen in ethnic groups B. Commonly an amalgam tattoo C. Commonly oral melanoma D. Commonly melanotic naevus

Last Answer : A. Commonly seen in ethnic groups

All of the following are requirements of an adequate mucosal periosteal flap except:** A. Base is wider than the free margin B. Mucous membrane is carefully separated from periosteum C. Base containing blood supply

Description : All of the following are requirements of an adequate mucosal periosteal flap except:**  A. Base is wider than the free margin  B. Mucous membrane is carefully separated from periosteum  C. Base containing blood supply 

Last Answer : B. Mucous membrane is carefully separated from periosteum 

The following is true of loperamide except: A. It is absorbed from intestines and exerts centrally mediated antidiarrhoeal action B. It acts on the opioid receptors in the gut C. It increases tone and segmenting activity of the intestines D. It inhibits intestinal secretion by binding to calmodulin in the mucosal cells

Description : The following is true of loperamide except: A. It is absorbed from intestines and exerts centrally mediated antidiarrhoeal action B. It acts on the opioid receptors in the gut C. It increases ... of the intestines D. It inhibits intestinal secretion by binding to calmodulin in the mucosal cells

Last Answer : A. It is absorbed from intestines and exerts centrally mediated antidiarrhoeal action

Cyclic nucleotides exert the following action on salt transport across intestinal mucosal cells: A. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Cland HCO3 – secretion B. Cyclic AMP enhances but cyclic GMP inhibits Cl– and HCO3 – secretion C. Cyclic AMP inhibits but cyclic GMP enhances Na+ and Cl– reabsorption D. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Na+ and Cl– reabsorption

Description : Cyclic nucleotides exert the following action on salt transport across intestinal mucosal cells: A. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Cland HCO3 - secretion B. Cyclic AMP enhances but cyclic GMP ... Cl- reabsorption D. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Na+ and Cl- reabsorption

Last Answer : A. Both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP enhance Cland HCO3 – secreti

The following purgative stimulates intestinal motility independent of its action on mucosal fluid dynamics: A. Castor oil B. Senna C. Docusates D. Sod.pot. tartrate

Description : The following purgative stimulates intestinal motility independent of its action on mucosal fluid dynamics: A. Castor oil B. Senna C. Docusates D. Sod.pot. tartrate

Last Answer : B. Senna

The primary mechanism by which prostaglandins promote ulcer healing is: A. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion B. Augmentation of bicarbonate buffered mucus layer covering gastroduodenal mucosa C. Increased bicarbonate secretion in gastric juice D. Increased turnover of gastric mucosal cell

Description : The primary mechanism by which prostaglandins promote ulcer healing is: A. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion B. Augmentation of bicarbonate buffered mucus layer covering gastroduodenal mucosa C. Increased bicarbonate secretion in gastric juice D. Increased turnover of gastric mucosal cell

Last Answer : B. Augmentation of bicarbonate buffered mucus layer covering gastroduodenal mucosa

Select the drug which is an inhibitor of gastric mucosal proton pump: A. Carbenoxolone sodium B. Sucralfate C. Famotidine D. Lansoprazole

Description : Select the drug which is an inhibitor of gastric mucosal proton pump: A. Carbenoxolone sodium B. Sucralfate C. Famotidine D. Lansoprazole

Last Answer : D. Lansoprazole

Histamine H2 blockers attenuate the gastric secretory response to acetylcholine and pentagastrin as well because: A. H2 blockers block gastric mucosal cholinergic and gastrin receptors as well B. H2 blockers inhibit the proton pump in gastric mucosa C. Acetylcholine and gastrin act partly by releasing histamine in gastric mucosa D. Histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin all act through the phospholipase C-IP3:DAG pathway in gastric mucosa

Description : Histamine H2 blockers attenuate the gastric secretory response to acetylcholine and pentagastrin as well because: A. H2 blockers block gastric mucosal cholinergic and gastrin receptors as well B. H2 ... acetylcholine and gastrin all act through the phospholipase C-IP3:DAG pathway in gastric mucosa

Last Answer : C. Acetylcholine and gastrin act partly by releasing histamine in gastric mucosa

In the iron deficient state, transferrin receptors increase in number on the: A. Intestinal mucosal cells B. Erythropoietic cells C. Reticuloendothelial cells D. All of the above

Description : In the iron deficient state, transferrin receptors increase in number on the: A. Intestinal mucosal cells B. Erythropoietic cells C. Reticuloendothelial cells D. All of the above

Last Answer : cells B

The gut controls the entry of ingested iron in the body by: A. Regulating the availability of apoferritin which acts as the carrier of iron across the mucosal cell B. Regulating the turnover of apoferritin-ferritin interconversion in the mucosal cell C. Complexing excess iron to form ferritin which remains stored in the mucosal cell and is shed off D. Regulating the number of transferrin receptors on the mucosal cell

Description : The gut controls the entry of ingested iron in the body by: A. Regulating the availability of apoferritin which acts as the carrier of iron across the mucosal cell B. Regulating the turnover of ... mucosal cell and is shed off D. Regulating the number of transferrin receptors on the mucosal cell

Last Answer : C. Complexing excess iron to form ferritin which remains stored in the mucosal cell and is shed off

Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed: A. Cutaneous B. Mucosal C. Renal D. Skeletal muscle

Description : Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed: A. Cutaneous B. Mucosal C. Renal D. Skeletal muscle

Last Answer : D. Skeletal muscle

In the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, the most important limitation of aspirin is: A. Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances B. Hypersensitivity and idiosyncratic reactions C. Gastric mucosal damage D. Salicylism

Description :  In the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases, the most important limitation of aspirin is: A. Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances B. Hypersensitivity and idiosyncratic reactions C. Gastric mucosal damage D. Salicylism

Last Answer : C. Gastric mucosal damage

Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis share the following features except: A. Prolongation of bleeding time B. Prolongation of prothrombin time C. Prolongation of labour D. Gastric mucosal damage

Description :  Inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis share the following features except: A. Prolongation of bleeding time B. Prolongation of prothrombin time C. Prolongation of labour D. Gastric mucosal damage

Last Answer : B. Prolongation of prothrombin time

Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed: A. Cutaneous B. Mucosal C. Renal D. Skeletal muscle

Description : Low doses of adrenaline dilate the following vascular bed: A. Cutaneous B. Mucosal C. Renal D. Skeletal muscle

Last Answer : D. Skeletal muscle

ASA III is A. normal, healthy patient B. Patient with mild, well controlled systemic disease C. Patient with sever systemic disease that limits activity D. Patient with sever life threatening disease

Description : ASA III is A. normal, healthy patient B. Patient with mild, well controlled systemic disease C. Patient with sever systemic disease that limits activity D. Patient with sever life threatening disease

Last Answer : Ans: C

According to the American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status Classification System, a patient with severe systemic disease that is not incapacitating is noted to have physical status classification a) P3 Classification P3 patients are those who have compensated heart failure, cirrhosis, or poorly controlled diabetes, for example. b) P4 Classification P4 patients have an incapacitating systemic disease that is a constant threat to life. c) P1 Classification P1 refers to a normal healthy patient d) P2 Classification P2 reflects a patient with mild systemic disease

Description : According to the American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status Classification System, a patient with severe systemic disease that is not incapacitating is noted to have physical status ... normal healthy patient d) P2 Classification P2 reflects a patient with mild systemic disease

Last Answer : a) P3 Classification P3 patients are those who have compensated heart failure, cirrhosis, or poorly controlled diabetes, for example.

Antimicrobial treatment does not alter the course of the following diarrhoeas except: A. Mild enterotoxigenic E.coli diarrhoea B. Campylobacter diarrhoea C. Coeliac disease diarrhoea D. Food poisoning diarrhoea

Description : Antimicrobial treatment does not alter the course of the following diarrhoeas except: A. Mild enterotoxigenic E.coli diarrhoea B. Campylobacter diarrhoea C. Coeliac disease diarrhoea D. Food poisoning diarrhoea

Last Answer : B. Campylobacter diarrhoea

Glyceryl trinitrate is used in CHF for: A. Routine treatment of mild to moderate chronic heart failure B. Rapid symptom relief in acute left ventricular failure C. Arresting disease progression D. Both 'A' and 'B'

Description : Glyceryl trinitrate is used in CHF for: A. Routine treatment of mild to moderate chronic heart failure B. Rapid symptom relief in acute left ventricular failure C. Arresting disease progression D. Both 'A' and 'B'

Last Answer : D. Both 'A' and 'B

The following is true of rivastigmine except: A. It is a relatively selective inhibitor of G1 isoform of acetylcholinesterase B. It has been found to retard disease progression in Alzheimer's disease C. It affords measurable improvement in Alzheimer's disease symptom score D. It enhances cerebral cholinergic transmission with only mild peripheral effect

Description : The following is true of rivastigmine except: A. It is a relatively selective inhibitor of G1 isoform of acetylcholinesterase B. It has been found to retard disease progression in ... 's disease symptom score D. It enhances cerebral cholinergic transmission with only mild peripheral effect

Last Answer : B. It has been found to retard disease progression in Alzheimer's disease

The following category of drugs is not indicated in early/mild cases of Parkinson's disease: A. Central anticholinergic B. MAO-B inhibitor C. COMT inhibitor D. Nonergoline dopaminergic agonist

Description : The following category of drugs is not indicated in early/mild cases of Parkinson's disease: A. Central anticholinergic B. MAO-B inhibitor C. COMT inhibitor D. Nonergoline dopaminergic agonist

Last Answer : C. COMT inhibitor

What's your experience with sinus infections, and when do I see a doctor?

Description : What's your experience with sinus infections, and when do I see a doctor?

Last Answer : Don't delay, go see the doctor ASAP. I have a long and storied history with sinus infections, caused by dust, caused by bacteria, caused by viruses, and I have learned to never let it get to the point that you ... you're up to it, please let us know how this turns out, I'd love to hear good news.

What has been your experience with Saline nasal rinses like the Neti Sinus rinse?

Description : What has been your experience with Saline nasal rinses like the Neti Sinus rinse?

Last Answer : answer:Well, you are not the only person in the world irrigating his sinuses! I use a neti pot at times, but usually only when I am congested. I have mild pollen and grass allergies, so I ... damage, since you are boiling the water and mixing ina saline solution, so you aren't infecting your self.

Our medical community is failing us and we really need your help. Can you have a severe sinus infection without a fever?

Description : Our medical community is failing us and we really need your help. Can you have a severe sinus infection without a fever?

Last Answer : answer:Yes. I was sick for a short while, never had a fever that I noticed, but had drainage for a few days and thought I had a cold . Shortly (a couple of days maybe?) after it ... . Maybe the office will call him in a antibiotic to the pharmacy? Maybe try some antihistamines in the meantime?

Has anyone ever got ringing in one ear after sinus infection?

Description : Has anyone ever got ringing in one ear after sinus infection?

Last Answer : answer:Two separate issues. Usually the anxiety triggers the bruxism and not the other way around. The Mayo clinic white paper I linked above talks about causes. Call the doc. who prescribed the ... Monday morning, however. These issues always seem to emerge at the beginning of the week-end.

How long does it take for your ears to unclog from a sinus infection?

Description : How long does it take for your ears to unclog from a sinus infection?

Last Answer : answer:Sounds like you are doing everything. Is it causing you pain? Or, you just can’t hear well? Chewing gum can help open up the eustacian tube. It should clear up soon.

Why would your Dr include a CBC test for an apparent sinus problem?

Description : Why would your Dr include a CBC test for an apparent sinus problem?

Last Answer : Had to look up CBC test (complete blood count). Most likely because they can check on infections with that kind of test, from what I read. You may have some type of sinus infection. Let us know what they do find. And feel better soon : ) I’m sending you virtual chicken soup.

Anyone have a quick sure fire cure for a sinus headache?

Description : Anyone have a quick sure fire cure for a sinus headache?

Last Answer : Go lie face down in a really hot bath, or hot tub if you have one. I swear by the moist heat! Alternate with going face down in the tub and really hot compresses across your face with a wash cloth. It works for me! Oh the misery, I empathize!

Does this sound like a tooth ache or sinus infection?

Description : Does this sound like a tooth ache or sinus infection?

Last Answer : Yes – toothache with congestion is often a sign of sinus infection. Try your MD first.

Sinus infection help?

Description : Sinus infection help?

Last Answer : answer:I have a chronic sinus infection that was diagnosed accidentally by my dentist. I was told that I would need to go on antibiotics for six months or more to get rid of it. I declined as I ... gotten over the original cold yet. Many colds take weeks to clear up once they settle in your sinuses.

Is blowing sinus mucous out better than snorting it in?

Description : Is blowing sinus mucous out better than snorting it in?

Last Answer : Better out than in.

How can I ease the effects of my horrible sinus infection?

Description : How can I ease the effects of my horrible sinus infection?

Last Answer : A visit to a doctor or a local RN clinic (at your local pharmacy/mall). You most likely would get much better more quickly with a Z-pac

Best way to get rid of sinus congestion?

Description : Best way to get rid of sinus congestion?

Last Answer : Mucinex, works wonders.

Dietary question (allergy/sinus related, see details)

Description : Dietary question (allergy/sinus related, see details)

Last Answer : answer:First of all, you should go to a qualified medical professional for your allergies, not an accupuncturist. There is no clinical or scientific reason why someone could look at ... is antihistamines, buffered hypertonic saline nasal sinus irrigation, nasal steroids, and avoidance of allergans.

Truth or myth, if you blow your nose too hard it could affect your sinuses (leading to a sinus infection)

Description : Truth or myth, if you blow your nose too hard it could affect your sinuses (leading to a sinus infection)

Last Answer : It’s not really about how hard you blow, but what technique you use. the “valsalva” maneuver can inject mucus into your sinuses. It’s best to blow one nostril at a time.