Classify different methods used for extraction. Draw a labelled diagram of soxhelt extractor

Classify different methods used for extraction. Draw a labelled diagram of soxhelt extractor
by

1 Answer

Answer :

Methods Of Extraction:  

a) Infusion

b) Decoction

c) Maceration

d) Percolation

e) Digestion

Diagram of Soxhlet apparatus: 

image

by

Related questions

Draw a labelled diagram of apparatus used for continuous hot extraction process. Mention limitations of the process.

Description : Draw a labelled diagram of apparatus used for continuous hot extraction process. Mention limitations of the process.

Last Answer : Diagram: Limitations: process cannot be used in following conditions.  Physical character of the drug: Drugs which may block the apparatus such as opium, gums, resins, etc cannot ... process. Chemical constituents: Unsuitable for thermolabile drugs, such as enzymes, alkaloids, etc

Name different methods of size separation. Explain any one with labelled diagram.

Description : Name different methods of size separation. Explain any one with labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Different methods of size separation are:  1 Sieving 2 Cyclone separator 3 Air separator 4 Elutriation SIEVING: Diagram: Construction: In this method fine powder is separated from ... tank is used to separate the coarse and fine particles of powder after levigation Diagram:

Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and give its advantages and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram of aerosol container Advantages:   1. Medicament can be delivered directly to affected areas. 2. Absence of air prevents oxidation. 3. Hydrolysis of medicament prevented ... on injured skin. 4. Difficulties occurred during formulation when drug not soluble in propellants.

Draw a well labelled diagram of filter candle. Give its working and disadvantages.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of filter candle. Give its working and disadvantages.

Last Answer : Diagram : Working  : The filter candle is placed in a vessel containing the liquid to be filtered. When vacuum is applied, the pressure inside the candle is decreased. Due to ... Disadvantages   1. Chance of clogging/blocking. 2. Traces of material may come in the solution.

Draw a well labelled diagram of Vacuum still and describe its theory.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of Vacuum still and describe its theory.

Last Answer : Theory :-  Liquid boils at lower temperature when pressure on the surface of the liquid is reduced. Therefore, when distillation is carried out under reduced pressure the rate of distillation increases. ... boiling point 100 ºc, at atmospheric pressure (760 mm of Hg ). Diagram: 

Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and state method of aerosol packaging.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of aerosol container and state method of aerosol packaging. 

Last Answer : Diagram of aerosol container : Depending on the nature of the product concentrate the aerosol can be filed by cold filling or pressure filling process  1) Cold-filling fill process:- ... air present in the container must be expelled before filing the contents in to the aerosol container.

Draw well labelled diagram of “triple roller mill”.

Description : Draw well labelled diagram of “triple roller mill”.

Last Answer : diagram of “triple roller mill”.

Draw a labelled diagram of double cone blender

Description : Draw a labelled diagram of double cone blender

Last Answer : diagram of double cone blender

Draw a well labelled diagram of ‘Soxhlet apparatus.’ Mention the various limitations of continuous hot percolation process.

Description : Draw a well labelled diagram of ‘Soxhlet apparatus.’ Mention the various limitations of continuous hot percolation process. 

Last Answer : Limitation: 1. Physical character of the drug: If the drug would block the soxhlet apparatus then this process cannot be used for extraction. Eg opium. Gum, resin, ... for drugs having thermolabile active constituents such as enzymes, alkaloids, anthraquinone derivatives, esters, etc. 

Explain any four factors affecting filtration. Draw a well labelled diagram of leaf filter.

Description : Explain any four factors affecting filtration. Draw a well labelled diagram of leaf filter.

Last Answer : Factors which affect the rate of filtration are:   1. Pressure: The rate of filtration of liquid is directly proportional to the pressure difference between the filter medium and filter cake. Thus, the ... cake increases which decreases the rate of filtration.  Diagram of leaf filter :

Define container and closure. Draw a well labelled diagram of Aerosol container.

Description : Define container and closure. Draw a well labelled diagram of Aerosol container. 

Last Answer : Definition: Container is a device that holds the drug and it may or may not be in direct contact with the pharmaceutical preparations. Closure is the device by means of which container can be opened and closed. Diagram of aerosol container:

Draw a neat labelled diagram showing steam distillation at laboratory scale

Description : Draw a neat labelled diagram showing steam distillation at laboratory scale

Last Answer : labelled diagram showing steam distillation at laboratory scale

Draw well labelled diagram of filter candle.

Description : Draw well labelled diagram of filter candle.

Last Answer : diagram of filter candle.

Define: i) Sterilization ii) Disinfection Classify different methods of sterilization.

Description : Define: i) Sterilization ii) Disinfection Classify different methods of sterilization.

Last Answer : i) Sterilization: Sterilization is a process of complete destruction of all micro-organisms & their spores present in a system. ii) Disinfection: A process that removes the infection potential by ... ) Seitz filters 3) Sintered glass filters 4) Sintered metal filters 5) Membrane filters

Classify the different methods of sterilizations.

Description : Classify the different methods of sterilizations.

Last Answer : A. Physical Method: 1. Dry heat sterilization. 2. Moist heat sterilization. 3. Radiation sterilization. B. Chemical method: 1. Sterilization by heating with bactericidal. 2. Gaseous sterilization. C. ... 1. Ceramic filter. 2. Seitz filter. 3. Sintered glass filter. 4. Membrane filter. 

Define sterilization. Classify different methods used for sterilization.

Description : Define sterilization. Classify different methods used for sterilization.

Last Answer : Sterilization: It is the process of complete destruction of microorganisms present in the system Different methods of Sterilization : I. Physical methods 1. Dry heat sterilization 2. Moist heat ... filters 3. Sintered glass filters 4. Sintered metal filters 5. Membrane filters

Give principal and working of silverson homogenizer with labelled diagram.

Description : Give principal and working of silverson homogenizer with labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Principal:   These work on the principal of braking large globules in to small globules by passing them under pressure through a narrow orifice. Working:   The emulsified head is placed in the vessel ... blades. So a fine emulsion is produced which is then expelled out. Diagram :

Write the working of filter press with well labelled diagram.

Description : Write the working of filter press with well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Working:  1. The slurry is pumped in under positive pressure up to 20 bar and fill each frame. 2. The filtrate passes through the cloths on opposite sides of the frame and runs down between the ... 6. Thickness of cake can be varied by using frame of different thickness. Diagram: 

Explain the method of hot percolation process with well labelled diagram and write its limitations.

Description : Explain the method of hot percolation process with well labelled diagram and write its limitations.

Last Answer : Diagram: Procedure :  1) The menstrum is placed in a round bottom flask. 2) The drug to be extracted is packed in a filter paper and placed in the body ... is unsuitable for drugs having thermolabile active constituents such as enzymes, alkaloids, anthraquinone derivatives, esters, etc.

Describe working of FBD with well labelled diagram.

Description : Describe working of FBD with well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Working of FBD  Two types of FBD are used in pharmaceutical industry. There are: 1. Vertical FBD 2. Horizontal FBD The fluidising air stream is induced by a fan which is mounted in the upper part of ... from 5 kg to 200 kg with an average drying time of about 20- 40 min. Diagram:

Explain construction and working of cyclone separator with a well labelled diagram.

Description : Explain construction and working of cyclone separator with a well labelled diagram.

Last Answer : Construction:   It consists of cylindrical vessel with a conical base. In upper part of vessel is fitted with a tangential inlet and fluid outlet. At the base it is fitted with solid outlet. ... solids are thrown out to the wall and fall to the conical base for discharge. Diagram  

Describe aerosol container with labelled diagram

Description : Describe aerosol container with labelled diagram

Last Answer : PARTS OF AEROSOL PACKAGING: 1. Container: In pharmaceutical aerosol packaging, the containers are made from metal (tin-plated steel, aluminium and stainless steel), glass and plastic. These containers ... the propellant to come out without dispensing content of package. Aerosol container:

Define sterilisation and classify methods of sterilisation.

Description : Define sterilisation and classify methods of sterilisation.

Last Answer : Definition: Sterilizations is the process of complete destruction of all microorganisms along with their spores present in the system.  Methods of sterilization:  I. Physical methods:  1. Dry heat ... . Seitz filters  3. Sintered glass filters 4. Sintered metal filters  5. Membrane filters

Classify the methods of sterilisation with example.

Description : Classify the methods of sterilisation with example.

Last Answer : Method of sterilization :-  A)Physical method Dry heat sterilization e.g. hot air oven Moist heat sterilization e.g. Autoclave Radiation sterilization a) Use of ultra violet rays ... Ceramic filters Seitz glass filter Sintered glass filters Sintered metal filters Membrane filters

Define drug. Classify different types of dosage forms with examples

Description : Define drug. Classify different types of dosage forms with examples

Last Answer : Drug- A chemical agent intended for use in the diagnosis, mitigation, treatment, cure or prevention of disease in man or in other animals.

Define and classify different types of tablets

Description : Define and classify different types of tablets

Last Answer : Definition : Tablets are solid unit dosage form containing medicament or medicaments usually circular flat or biconvex. OR Tablet is a solid unit dosage form prepared by compression. ... solutions a) Effervescence tablets b) Dispensing tablets c) Hypodermic tablets d) Tablet triturates

Define desiccation with two example of Desiccants and draw a diagram of “ Desiccator”

Description : Define desiccation with two example of Desiccants and draw a diagram of “ Desiccator”

Last Answer : Definition: Desiccation is the process of complete removal of mechanically admixed water from substances. Examples of desiccants:  Silica, activated charcoal, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, and molecular sieves. Diagram:

Define aerosol. Classify aerosol. Give formula of aerosol with example.

Description : Define aerosol. Classify aerosol. Give formula of aerosol with example. 

Last Answer : Definition: Aerosol   Aerosols may be defined as disperse phase system in which very fine solid particles or liquid droplet get dispersed in the gases which act as continuous phase. These are ... in the formulation. 7) The propellant, medicament, additives are filled into an aerosol container.

Define and classify dosage form.

Description : Define and classify dosage form.

Last Answer : Defination: Is a combination of the drug and different kinds of non drug components called additives.  

Define and classify Immunity.

Description : Define and classify Immunity.

Last Answer : Definition: The power of body to resist the effects of invasion of micro-organisms is called immunity. Classification:

What are advantages of water as menstruum for extraction?

Description : What are advantages of water as menstruum for extraction? 

Last Answer : • It is cheap & easily available. • Non –toxic • Non inflammable. • It has wide solvent action.

Define extraction and explain reserve percolation process.

Description : Define extraction and explain reserve percolation process.

Last Answer : Definition: Extraction may be defined as the treatment of the plant or animal tissues with solvent, whereby active constituents are dissolved, and most of the inert matter remains undissolved. Reserve ... in reserve portion of percolate and sufficient menstruum is added to make up the volume. 

Write advantages of water as solvent for extraction

Description : Write advantages of water as solvent for extraction

Last Answer : • It is cheap & easily available. • Non –toxic • Non inflammable. • It has wide solvent action 

Differentiate between sterilization and Disinfection. Enlist the different methods of sterilization.

Description : Differentiate between sterilization and Disinfection. Enlist the different methods of sterilization.

Last Answer : Sterilization Disinfection It is the process of complete destruction of microorganisms present in the system It is process that removes infection potential by microorganisms In case of ... Seitz filters 3. Sintered glass filters 4. Sintered metal filters 5. Membrane filters

Why coating of tablet is done? What are the different methods of coating?

Description : Why coating of tablet is done? What are the different methods of coating?

Last Answer : Reasons for coating: 1. To mask unpleasant taste and odour. 2. To improve the appearance of tablets. 3. To prevent the medicament from atmospheric effects. 4. To control the site of action of ... Methods of tablet coating : 1. Sugar coating: 2. Film coating 3. Enteric coating.

Write the advantages of microencapsulation and list different methods of microencapsulation.

Description : Write the advantages of microencapsulation and list different methods of microencapsulation.

Last Answer : Advantages of microencapsulation:  1. To mask the bitter taste of drugs like Paracetamol, Nitrofurantoin etc. 2. To reduce gastric and other gastro intestinal (G.I) tract irritations, ... 4) Electrostatic Deposition 5) Vacuum deposition 6) Polymerization 7) Multiorific Centrifugal Process.

Mention different methods of size separation and explain any one.

Description : Mention different methods of size separation and explain any one.

Last Answer : Different methods of size separation are: 1. Sieving 2. Cyclone separator. 3. Air separator. 4. Elutriation. SIEVING: Diagram: Construction: In this method fine ... Elutriating tank is used to separate the coarse and fine particles of powder after levigation Diagram:

Draw a labelled diagram to show different trajectories of a satellite depending upon the tangential projection speed.

Description : Draw a labelled diagram to show different trajectories of a satellite depending upon the tangential projection speed.

Last Answer : Draw a labelled diagram to show different trajectories of a satellite depending upon the tangential projection speed.

In a counter-current extractor, as the axial mixing increases, the extraction efficiency (A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remains unchanged (D) Depends on the pressure of the system

Description : In a counter-current extractor, as the axial mixing increases, the extraction efficiency (A) Increases (B) Decreases (C) Remains unchanged (D) Depends on the pressure of the system

Last Answer : (B) Decreases

Which of the following is the most suitable for extraction in a system having very low density difference? (A) Mixer-settler extractor (B) Centrifugal extractor (C) Pulsed extractor (D) Packed extraction tower

Description : Which of the following is the most suitable for extraction in a system having very low density difference? (A) Mixer-settler extractor (B) Centrifugal extractor (C) Pulsed extractor (D) Packed extraction tower

Last Answer : (B) Centrifugal extractor

Bollman extractor (A) Is a static bed leaching equipment (B) Is used for extraction of oil from oilseed (C) Is a centrifugal extractor (D) Employs only counter-current extraction

Description : Bollman extractor (A) Is a static bed leaching equipment (B) Is used for extraction of oil from oilseed (C) Is a centrifugal extractor (D) Employs only counter-current extraction

Last Answer : (B) Is used for extraction of oil from oilseed

Desulphurisation of petrol is done in a(A) Bollman extractor (B) Rotating disc extractor (C) Packed extraction column (D) Plate type extraction column

Description : Desulphurisation of petrol is done in a(A) Bollman extractor (B) Rotating disc extractor (C) Packed extraction column (D) Plate type extraction column

Last Answer : (B) Rotating disc extractor

Enlist four methods for size reduction.

Description : Enlist four methods for size reduction. 

Last Answer : Methods for size reduction: i) Cutting ii) Compression iii) Impact iv) Attrition iv) Combined impact and attrition.

What do you mean by “Tyndallisation” and “Pasteurisation”. State the methods of pasteurisation.

Description : What do you mean by “Tyndallisation” and “Pasteurisation”. State the methods of pasteurisation.

Last Answer : Tyndallisation : This is a fractional sterilization method. This method is used for sterilization of medicaments unstable at 1150C but able to withstand low temperature heating. This method consist of ... High Temperature Short Time (HTST) Vat pasteurization Ultra High Temperature(UHT)

What are toxoids ? Discuss general methods for preparation of toxoids.

Description : What are toxoids ? Discuss general methods for preparation of toxoids.

Last Answer : Toxoids: The pathogenic bacteria during their growth in a suitable medium produce toxic substances known as toxins . These toxins are disease producing and antigenic in nature. These toxins may be ... are Diphtheria vaccines, Tetanus toxoid (adsorbed) I.P., Staphylococcus toxoid I.P. etc 

How will you separate two immiscible liquids in pharmacy? Draw a libelled sketch of the apparatus used in laboratory.

Description : How will you separate two immiscible liquids in pharmacy? Draw a libelled sketch of the apparatus used in laboratory. 

Last Answer : :Steam Distillation( immiscible liquids): In pair of immiscible liquids , each liquid exerts its own vapour pressure & neither liquid has any appreciable effect on the vapour pressure ... are not decomposed by water , this provides an alternative to distillation under reduced pressure  

Explain principle and working of fluid energy mill with a diagram.

Description : Explain principle and working of fluid energy mill with a diagram.

Last Answer : Principle  It works on the principle of impact and attrition. Working: The air or inert gas is introduced with a very high pressure through nozzles. Solids are introduced into air stream through inlet. ... 100 mesh and then passed through fluid energy mill. Diagram of fluid energy mill :

Discuss working of ball mill with neat diagram.

Description : Discuss working of ball mill with neat diagram. 

Last Answer : Working: The drug to be ground is put into the cylinder of the mill and is rotated. The speed of the rotation is very different. At low speed, the mass of balls will slide or roll over each other and ... and passed through a sieve to get powder of the required size. Ball mill diagram:   

Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Description : Define The term Clarification. Write the working of filter candle with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Clarification:-  When solids are present in a very small proportion i.e. not exceeding 1.0 % the process of its separation from liquid, is called clarification. Working :-   1) These are ... the candle & gets collected inside the candle from where it is removed. Diagram :

Describe the construction and working of evaporating pan with neat diagram.

Description : Describe the construction and working of evaporating pan with neat diagram.

Last Answer : Construction:  i. It consists of a hemispherical pan made from copper or stainless steel and surrounded by a steam jacket. ii. Hemispherical shape provides large surface area for evaporation. iii. ... . iv. After evaporation remove the product from product outlet. Diagram: