Expectancy theory is an example of a: (a) Process Theory ; (b) Goal-setting Theory ; (c) Needs Theory ; (d) Cognitive Evaluation Theory

Expectancy theory is an example of a: (a) Process Theory ; (b) Goal-setting Theory ; (c) Needs Theory ; (d) Cognitive Evaluation Theory
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(a) Process Theory ; 
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__________ is counter to goal-setting theory. (a) Expectancy Theory ; (b) Reinforcement Theory ; (c) ERG Theory ; (d) None of given option

Description : __________ is counter to goal-setting theory. (a) Expectancy Theory ; (b) Reinforcement Theory ; (c) ERG Theory ; (d) None of given option

Last Answer : (b) Reinforcement Theory ;

The theory that individuals act depending upon their evaluation of whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good performance will be followed by a reward, and whether that reward is attractive to them, is called: (a) Equity Theory ; (b) Expectancy Theory ; (c) Empirical Theory ; (d) Outcome Theory

Description : The theory that individuals act depending upon their evaluation of whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good performance will be followed by a reward, and whether that reward is attractive ... Equity Theory ; (b) Expectancy Theory ; (c) Empirical Theory ; (d) Outcome Theory

Last Answer : (b) Expectancy Theory ;

Allocating extrinsic rewards for behaviour that has been previously intrinsically rewarded tends to decrease the overall level of motivation, and is called: (a) Reward Evaluation Theory ; (b) Extrinsic Evaluation Theory ; (c) Cognitive Evaluation Theory (d) Intrinsic Evaluation Theory

Description : Allocating extrinsic rewards for behaviour that has been previously intrinsically rewarded tends to decrease the overall level of motivation, and is called: (a) Reward Evaluation Theory ; (b) Extrinsic Evaluation Theory ; (c) Cognitive Evaluation Theory (d) Intrinsic Evaluation Theory 

Last Answer :  (c) Cognitive Evaluation Theory

The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way, with the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and according to the attractiveness of the outcome is _____. (a) Equity theory ; (b) Three-needs theory ; (c) Motivation-hygiene theory (d) Expectancy theory

Description : The theory that an individual tends to act in a certain way, with the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and according to the attractiveness of the outcome is _____. (a) Equity theory ; (b) Three-needs theory ; (c) Motivation-hygiene theory (d) Expectancy theory

Last Answer : (a) Equity theory ;

Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory? (a) Goal specificity ; (b) Equity among workers ; (c) Feedback ; (d) Defining the goal

Description : Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory? (a) Goal specificity ; (b) Equity among workers ; (c) Feedback ; (d) Defining the goal

Last Answer : (b) Equity among workers ;

Another contingency model of leadership is the path-goal theory. This suggests that subordinates will see leadership behaviour as a motivating influence if (a) their effective performance will satisfy their needs (b) the necessary direction, guidance, training and support is provided (c) path-goal relationships are clarified ; (d) all the above

Description : Another contingency model of leadership is the path-goal theory. This suggests that subordinates will see leadership behaviour as a motivating influence if (a) their effective performance will satisfy their needs ... support is provided (c) path-goal relationships are clarified ; (d) all the above

Last Answer : (d) all the above

Jean Piaget gave a theory of cognitive development of humans on the basis of his: (A) Evaluation Research (B) Fundamental Research (C) Applied Research (D) Action Research

Description : Jean Piaget gave a theory of cognitive development of humans on the basis of his: (A) Evaluation Research (B) Fundamental Research (C) Applied Research (D) Action Research

Last Answer : (B) Fundamental Research

An important factor of the preplanning stage in group dynamics is determining what the group is to accomplish; this is known as………………… (a) Goal setting ; (b) Cohesion ; (c) Clarity of purpose ; (d) Group orientation

Description : An important factor of the preplanning stage in group dynamics is determining what the group is to accomplish; this is known as………………… (a) Goal setting ; (b) Cohesion ; (c) Clarity of purpose ; (d) Group orientation

Last Answer :  (c) Clarity of purpose ;

Employee recognition can: (a) Be a strong motivator. ; (b) Lead to unrealistic expectations. ; (c) Help with MBO program implementation. ; (d) Assist with goal setting.

Description : Employee recognition can: (a) Be a strong motivator. ; (b) Lead to unrealistic expectations. ; (c) Help with MBO program implementation. ; (d) Assist with goal setting.

Last Answer : (a) Be a strong motivator. ; 

The major benefit of having employees participate in goal setting is: (a) That it provides the company with greater financial stability. (b) That it appears to induce employees to accomplish more difficult goals and tasks. (c) That it takes less time and resources to implement this type of system. (d) That it provides more time for management to pursue other activities.

Description : The major benefit of having employees participate in goal setting is: (a) That it provides the company with greater financial stability. (b) That it appears to induce employees to accomplish more difficult ... type of system. (d) That it provides more time for management to pursue other activities.

Last Answer : (b) That it appears to induce employees to accomplish more difficult goals and tasks.  

Needs such as training the group, setting standards and maintaining discipline, and appointing subleaders may be called (a) individual functions (b) task functions (c) team functions (d) work functions

Description : Needs such as training the group, setting standards and maintaining discipline, and appointing subleaders may be called (a) individual functions (b) task functions (c) team functions (d) work ... such functions as attending to personal problems, giving praise and status and training the individual.]

Last Answer : (c) team functions 

Which of the following is not a contingency theory of leadership (a) LPC theory ; (b) Path Goal theory ; (c) Vroom-Yetton-Jago theory ; (d) Job centered Leadership

Description : Which of the following is not a contingency theory of leadership (a) LPC theory ; (b) Path Goal theory ; (c) Vroom-Yetton-Jago theory ; (d) Job centered Leadership 

Last Answer : (d) Job centered Leadership

Which of the following leadership behaviours are identified by the path-goal theory? (a) Supportive, employee-oriented, laissez-faire and participative (b) Achievement-oriented, supportive, humanistic, and directive (c) Participative, achievement-oriented, directive, and supportive (d) Directive, participative, supportive, and laissez-faire

Description : Which of the following leadership behaviours are identified by the path-goal theory? (a) Supportive, employee-oriented, laissez-faire and participative (b) Achievement-oriented, supportive, ... -oriented, directive, and supportive (d) Directive, participative, supportive, and laissez-faire

Last Answer : (c) Participative, achievement-oriented, directive, and supportive 

What does ERG stand for? (a) Excellent, relationship, growth ; (b) Expectancy, real, exist (c) Employee, related, greatness ; (d) Existence, relatedness, growth

Description : What does ERG stand for? (a) Excellent, relationship, growth ; (b) Expectancy, real, exist (c) Employee, related, greatness ; (d) Existence, relatedness, growth

Last Answer : ; (d) Existence, relatedness, growth

Which of the following steps is important to improving expectancy? (a) Create the belief that effort is related to performance. (b) Ask employees what rewards they value. ; (c) Deliver rewards as promised. (d) Make the rewards meaningful.

Description : Which of the following steps is important to improving expectancy? (a) Create the belief that effort is related to performance. (b) Ask employees what rewards they value. ; (c) Deliver rewards as promised. (d) Make the rewards meaningful. 

Last Answer : (a) Create the belief that effort is related to performance

An individual's perception of whether performing at a particular level will lead to attainment of a desired outcome is termed: (a) Relevance ; (b) Expectancy ; (c) Expectation ; (d) Instrumentality

Description : An individual's perception of whether performing at a particular level will lead to attainment of a desired outcome is termed: (a) Relevance ; (b) Expectancy ; (c) Expectation ; (d) Instrumentality

Last Answer : (d) Instrumentality

Which one of the following might not be a functional outcome of the conflict process? (a) stimulates creativity ; (b) avoids risk ; (c) fosters environment of self-evaluation (d) relieves tensions

Description : Which one of the following might not be a functional outcome of the conflict process? (a) stimulates creativity ; (b) avoids risk ; (c) fosters environment of self-evaluation (d) relieves tensions

Last Answer : (b) avoids risk ;

Hierarchy of Needs’, is a theory …. A. Of motivation based on human behaviour B. That proposes that ‘one best way’ for all management actionC. Recognizes that the appropriate management actions depend on the situationD. None of these options is correct.

Description : Hierarchy of Needs’, is a theory …. A. Of motivation based on human behaviour B. That proposes that ‘one best way’ for all management action C. Recognizes that the appropriate management actions depend on the situation D. None of these options is correct.

Last Answer : Of motivation based on human behaviour

Hierarchy of Needs’, is a theory …. A. Of motivation based on human behaviour B. That proposes that ‘one best way’ for all management action C. Recognizes that the appropriate management actions depend on the situation D. None of these options is correct.

Description : Hierarchy of Needs’, is a theory …. A. Of motivation based on human behaviour B. That proposes that ‘one best way’ for all management action C. Recognizes that the appropriate management actions depend on the situation D. None of these options is correct.

Last Answer : Of motivation based on human behaviour

Which step in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory deals with achieving one's potential? (a) Self-actualization ; (b) Safety ; (c) Esteem ; (d) Physiological

Description : Which step in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory deals with achieving one's potential? (a) Self-actualization ; (b) Safety ; (c) Esteem ; (d) Physiological 

Last Answer : (a) Self-actualization ;

After purchasing a new Micra, George sees a Fiesta pass him on the street and begins to wonder if he made the right choice. George is affected by A)problem recognition B)cognitive dissonance C)internal search D)alternative evaluation E)framing

Description : After purchasing a new Micra, George sees a Fiesta pass him on the street and begins to wonder if he made the right choice. George is affected by A)problem recognition B)cognitive dissonance C)internal search D)alternative evaluation E)framing

Last Answer : B)cognitive dissonance

Shortly after purchasing a product, the postpurchase evaluation may result in cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is best defined as A)the congruence between external and internal searches for product information. B)satisfaction with the purchase. C)the establishment of criteria for comparing products. D)doubts that occur because the buyer questions whether the decision to purchase the product was right.

Description : Shortly after purchasing a product, the postpurchase evaluation may result in cognitive dissonance. Cognitive dissonance is best defined as A)the congruence between external and internal searches for ... occur because the buyer questions whether the decision to purchase the product was right.

Last Answer : D)doubts that occur because the buyer questions whether the decision to purchase the product was right.

As Bob runs out of shaving cream, he tries to remember what he did the last time this happened. He is engaging in: A)external search B)evoked set development C)internal search D)cognitive dissonance E)alternative evaluation

Description : As Bob runs out of shaving cream, he tries to remember what he did the last time this happened. He is engaging in: A)external search B)evoked set development C)internal search D)cognitive dissonance E)alternative evaluation

Last Answer : C)internal search

The main cognitive objective of seminar is Options: A) To develop critical and analytical capacities in a researcher B) To develop observational and experiential presenting capabilities in a researcher C) To develop synthetic and evaluation related abilities in a researcher D) All of the above are correct statements

Description : The main cognitive objective of seminar is Options: A) To develop critical and analytical capacities in a researcher B) To develop observational and experiential presenting capabilities in a researcher C ... and evaluation related abilities in a researcher D) All of the above are correct statements

Last Answer : D) All of the above are correct statements 

The term ’Evaluation’ and ’Assessment’ could be discriminated as follows Options: A) Assessment is limited to coverage achievement whereas evaluation is qualitative in character B) Evaluation is concerned with the effective aspects of achievement whereas assessment judges the cognitive aspects C) Evaluation involves the measurement as well as diagnosis of students’ attainments, whereas assessment is concerned with only scholastic attainments. D) Assessment is an attempt to measure the pupil as whole whereas evaluation is concerned with his achievement only

Description : The term 'Evaluation' and 'Assessment' could be discriminated as follows Options: A) Assessment is limited to coverage achievement whereas evaluation is qualitative in character B) Evaluation is ... an attempt to measure the pupil as whole whereas evaluation is concerned with his achievement only

Last Answer : C) Evaluation involves the measurement as well as diagnosis of students’ attainments, whereas assessment is concerned with only scholastic attainments. 

Strategic management can be defined as: a) a process of setting written long-term profit plans for the organization. b) a process of measuring performance of the organization. c) a process of operational planning. d) a process of setting long-term direction for the organization

Description : Strategic management can be defined as: a) a process of setting written long-term profit plans for the organization. b) a process of measuring performance of the organization. c) a process of operational planning. d) a process of setting long-term direction for the organization

Last Answer : a process of setting long-term direction for the organization

One of the fundamental Strategy evaluation activities is reviewing external and internal factors that are the bases for current strategy

Description : One of the fundamental Strategy evaluation activities is reviewing external and internal factors that are the bases for current strategy

Last Answer : True

Strategy Formulation, Implementation and Evaluation activities occur at three hierarchical levels in a large diversified Organization: Corporate, Divisional and Functional

Description : Strategy Formulation, Implementation and Evaluation activities occur at three hierarchical levels in a large diversified Organization: Corporate, Divisional and Functional

Last Answer : True

Select the statement that best applies to Emergent Strategies. Emergent Strategy ----------- : A. Implies an ability to react to events B. Implies strategizing C. Implies no deviation from Plans D. Implies constant evaluation of the bigger picture

Description : Select the statement that best applies to Emergent Strategies. Emergent Strategy ----------- : A. Implies an ability to react to events B. Implies strategizing C. Implies no deviation from Plans D. Implies constant evaluation of the bigger picture

Last Answer : Implies an ability to react to events

A/An ________ is a formal evaluation of an organization's financial statements, performed either by an outside accounting firm or by an internal department. (a) Revenue operating budget ; (b) Incident log ; (c) Financial audit ; (d) Balance sheet budget

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Last Answer :  (c) Financial audit ;

Which of the following is not an assumption of the classical decision model? (a) Problems are clearly defined. (b) Decision makers behave logically. (c) Evaluation criteria are drawn from objectives and the definition of the problem. (d) Choice is made once sufficient information on alternatives is available

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Last Answer : (d) Choice is made once sufficient information on alternatives is available 

Conflict is dysfunctional when it: (a) provides a medium to release tension. ; (b) reduces group cohesiveness. (c) fosters an environment of self-evaluation and change. (d) provides a means for releasing tensions.

Description : Conflict is dysfunctional when it: (a) provides a medium to release tension. ; (b) reduces group cohesiveness. (c) fosters an environment of self-evaluation and change. (d) provides a means for releasing tensions. 

Last Answer : (b) reduces group cohesiveness.

Conflict is constructive when: (a) it improves the quality of decisions. ; (b) it stimulates creativity and innovation. (c) it fosters an environment of self-evaluation and change. ; (d) all of the above

Description : Conflict is constructive when: (a) it improves the quality of decisions. ; (b) it stimulates creativity and innovation. (c) it fosters an environment of self-evaluation and change. ; (d) all of the above 

Last Answer :  (d) all of the above

Describe profitability evaluation by rate of return on investment.

Description : Describe profitability evaluation by rate of return on investment. 

Last Answer : Profitability by ROI Return on investment, or ROI, is the most common profitability ratio. There are several ways to determine ROI, but the most frequently used method is to divide net profit by total ... investment types. Return on investment = (revenue − cost of goods sold) / cost of goods sold

An individual who considers whether the product will meet certain criteria that are critical for meeting his or her needs is in what stage of the product adoption process? A)Interest stage B)Awareness stage C)Evaluation stage D)Trial stage E)Adoption stage

Description : An individual who considers whether the product will meet certain criteria that are critical for meeting his or her needs is in what stage of the product adoption process? A)Interest stage B)Awareness stage C)Evaluation stage D)Trial stage E)Adoption stage

Last Answer : C)Evaluation stage

Which one is not a Process Based Theory of motivation? (a) Porter Lawler theory ; (b) Mc Clelland’s theory ; (c) Stacy Adams theory ; (d) Vroom’s theory

Description : Which one is not a Process Based Theory of motivation? (a) Porter Lawler theory ; (b) Mc Clelland’s theory ; (c) Stacy Adams theory ; (d) Vroom’s theory

Last Answer :  (b) Mc Clelland’s theory ;

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Description : The primary goal of a disaster preparedness plan is: a) To protect the population b) To protect valuable resources c) To keep communications lines open d) To protect environmental health personnel

Last Answer : a) To protect the population

A Goal is an open ended statement of what one wants to accomplish with no quantification of what is to be achieved and no time criteria for completion

Description : A Goal is an open ended statement of what one wants to accomplish with no quantification of what is to be achieved and no time criteria for completion

Last Answer : False

Goal and strategy are the same a. True b. False

Description : Goal and strategy are the same a. True b. False

Last Answer : False

Path-goal model of Leadership was introduced by (a) Martin Evans & Robert House ; (b) Fred Fielder ; (c) Whetton ; (d) Cameron

Description : Path-goal model of Leadership was introduced by (a) Martin Evans & Robert House ; (b) Fred Fielder ; (c) Whetton ; (d) Cameron

Last Answer : (a) Martin Evans & Robert House ;

The resources within an organization, used to achieve its goal, make up the _________ of a business. (a) External environment ; (b) Internal environment ; (c) Social responsibility ; (d) Workers motivation

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Last Answer : External environment

There are two dimensions to conflict-handling intentions, cooperativeness, and assertiveness. Cooperativeness is the degree to which: (a) one party attempts to satisfy the other party’s concerns. (b) one party attempts to satisfy his or her own concerns. (c) both parties work toward a common goal. (d) there is an absence of conflict

Description : There are two dimensions to conflict-handling intentions, cooperativeness, and assertiveness. Cooperativeness is the degree to which: (a) one party attempts to satisfy the other party's concerns. (b) one party ... . (c) both parties work toward a common goal. (d) there is an absence of conflict

Last Answer : (a) one party attempts to satisfy the other party’s concerns.

To successfully motivate a team in today's high tech - high demand environment, which motivational theories should the PM use to maintain a happy, productive team? 1. Expectancy and Theory X 2. Theory Y and Maslow's Hierarchy 3. Theory Y, Expectancy and Herzberg's Hygiene Factors 4. Herzberg's Hygiene Factors and Expectancy

Description : To successfully motivate a team in today's high tech - high demand environment, which  motivational theories should the PM use to maintain a happy, productive team? 1. Expectancy and Theory X  ... 3. Theory Y, Expectancy and Herzberg's Hygiene Factors  4. Herzberg's Hygiene Factors and Expectancy

Last Answer : 3. Theory Y, Expectancy and Herzberg's Hygiene Factors

Which role in a group setting contributes to the social-emotional bonding of members and the group's overall success? (a) Facilitative/building role ; (b) Individualizing ; (c) Maintenance ; (d) Blocking

Description : Which role in a group setting contributes to the social-emotional bonding of members and the group's overall success? (a) Facilitative/building role ; (b) Individualizing ; (c) Maintenance ; (d) Blocking

Last Answer : ; (c) Maintenance ;

In setting up a group structure, _______________ has a strong influence on how a group operates. (a) Membership ; (b) Group setting ; (c) Physical structure ; (d) Group content

Description : In setting up a group structure, _______________ has a strong influence on how a group operates. (a) Membership ; (b) Group setting ; (c) Physical structure ; (d) Group content

Last Answer : ; (c) Physical structure ;

Management by objectives emphasizes participatively setting goals that are: (a) General in nature. ; (b) Easy to attain. ; (c) Easy to create and develop. (d) Tangible, verifiable, and measurable.

Description : Management by objectives emphasizes participatively setting goals that are: (a) General in nature. ; (b) Easy to attain. ; (c) Easy to create and develop. (d) Tangible, verifiable, and measurable.  

Last Answer : (d) Tangible, verifiable, and measurable.  

The name “best-first search” is a venerable but inaccurate one. After all, if we could really expand the best node first, it would not be a search at all; it would be a straight march to the goal. All we can do is choose the node that appears to be best according to the evaluation function. a) True b) False

Description : The name best-first search is a venerable but inaccurate one. After all, if we could really expand the best node first, it would not be a search at all; it would be a straight march to the ... is choose the node that appears to be best according to the evaluation function. a) True b) False

Last Answer : a) True

The immediate goal of education through learning activities is realised by (a) Objective (b) Aim (c) Specification (d) Evaluation

Description : The immediate goal of education through learning activities is realised by (a) Objective (b) Aim (c) Specification (d) Evaluation

Last Answer : (a) Objective

______________ is the analysis of costs and benefits of a proposed project with the goal of assuming a rational allocation of limited funds. A. Project formulation. B. Project evaluation. C. Project appraisal . D. Project Design.

Description : ______________ is the analysis of costs and benefits of a proposed project with the goal of assuming a rational allocation of limited funds. A. Project formulation. B. Project evaluation. C. Project appraisal . D. Project Design.

Last Answer : C. Project appraisal .

describe cognitive learning theory

Description : describe cognitive learning theory

Last Answer : It is a theory that tries to explain human behavior by first understanding the though process.